Hussam Achour - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Hussam Achour
Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2019
Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2017
A great interest has arisen in technologies that use radio frequency. Not limited to the sensitiv... more A great interest has arisen in technologies that use radio frequency. Not limited to the sensitive electrical devices, radio frequency is the key for all applications that employ transmission of information. This has brought different kinds of fear on what effects these frequencies could have on human beings. Radio frequency shielding is employed where there is a need for that whether as a precaution or a requirement. In this article, transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) in the form of thin films are reviewed as a type of material known to have the best combination between good conductivity and optical transparency. The physical properties of TCOs were thoroughly discussed to address a good understanding for the radio frequency attenuation process.
Encyclopedia of Smart Materials, 2022
This is an accepted manuscript of an article published byElsevier in Reference Module in Material... more This is an accepted manuscript of an article published byElsevier in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering on 14/12/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815732-9.00061-9 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published versionHydrogen continues to receive increased attention as the most promising energy carrier enabling sustainable and eco-friendly energy systems. Despite the various advantages of hydrogen fuel, storing hydrogen in a light-weight and compact form is the barrier towards the commercialization of the hydrogen technologies. Thus, the availability of a reliable, inexpensive, safe and efficient hydrogen storage technology is crucial to support and foster the transition to a hydrogen-powered world. Among the possible hydrogen storage solutions, storing hydrogen in the solid-state, such as metal hydrides, is the safest and most attractive method for on-board hydrogen storage. The metal hydrides can release highly pure hydrogen, via a low-pressure endothermic process, suitable to be used directly in the hydrogen fuel cell devices. This article presents an overview of using Mg and Mg2Ni-based alloys for solid-state hydrogen storage. A review of the hydrogen storage technologies is presented first and then the most recent developments on Mg and Mg2Ni-based hydrogen storage materials are highlighted.Published versio
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016
The demand for clean power source which can be used to run the various types of vehicles on the r... more The demand for clean power source which can be used to run the various types of vehicles on the road is increasing on a daily basis due to the fact that high emissions released from internal combustion engine play a significant role in air pollution and climate change. Fuel cell devices, particularly Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) type, are strong candidates to replace the internal combustion engines in the transport industry. The PEMFC technology still has many challenges including high cost, low durability and hydrogen storage problems which limit the wide-world commercialization of this technology. In this paper, the fuel cell cost, durability and performances challenges which are associated with using of fuel cell technology for transport applications are detailed and reviewed. Recent developments that deal with the proposed challenges are reported. Furthermore, problems of hydrogen infrastructure and hydrogen storage in the fuel cell vehicle are discussed.
Achour Hussam and Marashly Abdullah and Olabi Abdul Ghani Assessing Energy Consumption of the Transport Sector in Aleppo Syria Sustainable Manufacturing and Renewable Energy 1 Pp 87 102 Issn 2153 6821, 2012
Energy consumption from the transport section, in many developing countries, has not been dealt w... more Energy consumption from the transport section, in many developing countries, has not been dealt with the same intensity than that of developed countries. Due to the rapidly expanding mobile populations in the developing world, the issue of low carbon development and transport needs to be urgently addressed. In this paper, two cars using different routes have been employed. Vehicle speed, engine speed along with other data have been extracted from the two cars using an on-board diagnostic reader and a data acquisition software installed in a portable PC. Data has been saved and used to establish driving cycles for Aleppo city in SYRIA and to estimate the energy consumption of the two cars. A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions is proposed and estimated vehicle emissions is compared with measured results. The method is easy to follow and the results correlate well with the estimated values.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016
Abstract One of the most significant current discussions in climate change is around the issue of... more Abstract One of the most significant current discussions in climate change is around the issue of low carbon emission and its effect on human health. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the transport share of world emissions. Recent developments in this field have heightened the need for Driving Cycle establishment in order to understand and reduce vehicle emissions. However, a major problem with this Driving Cycle characteristic is that it varies from one city to another due to the type of principle activities (industrial, agricultural) present. Therefore, individual testing is necessary for each region in order to establish a representative tool for Local Authorities to identify the air quality in terms of traffic emissions. To date, there has been little discussion about Driving Cycle developments, so in this paper, experimental studies, which predict sufficient parameters in driving cycle modelling, were summarized in the literature review and gave comprehensive feedback to the field for further investigations. Subsequently, the author presented a simple method for establishing the driving cycle, and estimating vehicle emission. As COPERT software is one of the most commonly deployed tools in Europe, the methodology involved a formula that is being obtained from COPERT. Later this formula is being used in a program which makes use of bulk traffic movements and average vehicle speeds in order to estimate emissions. The combination of On-board diagnostic data extraction incorporated in all modern passenger cars and program used to allow real world vehicular activities to be recorded, in order to better estimate the contribution of private cars to local emissions inventories. Representative driving cycles reflecting the real-world driving conditions of two cities were proposed and estimated vehicle emissions were compared with measured results.
Driving cycles in such a city are analysed by researchers in the same approach in many countries.... more Driving cycles in such a city are analysed by researchers in the same approach in many countries. Due to recent advancements in some software packages utilized to estimate vehicle emissions, many projects have been conducted on establishing the drive cycle of a specific area/city. In this paper, a preliminary case study on the estimation of the emission values taken from a passenger car has been carried out. An On Board Diagnostic (OBD II) reader has been used and configured to extract the data and save it in a built-in data acquisition package in order to estimate an instantaneous emissions produced from a vehicle. A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions was achieved and estimated vehicle emissions were validated. This method is user-friendly and the results were shown to be accurate as real data from Aleppo city was used.
In conjunction with recent advancements, many software packages have been utilized to estimate ve... more In conjunction with recent advancements, many software packages have been utilized to estimate vehicle emissions. The advantages of using these software techniques include cost and time savings, However good correlations between the predicted results of the software and the actual data obtained by direct measurement are still maintained. In this paper, a preliminary case study on the estimation of the emission values taken from a passenger car was carried out. An On Board Diagnostic (OBD II) reader has been used and configured to extract the data and save it in a built-in data acquisition package in order to estimate an instantaneous emissions produced from a vehicle. On road driving cycles for Dublin were created, and thus an emissions estimate methodology was implemented. More realistic results for Dublin suburb were achieved by using these driving cycles instead of the new European driving cycle. A comparison between Urban and Extra-Urban driving cycles was carried out in terms o...
Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for transportation, particularly car emissions i... more Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for transportation, particularly car emissions in urban area. In this paper, a preliminary case study of a standard driving cycle in the urban area of Dublin city has been presented. On-road speed-time data were extracted by an On-board diagnostic system connector tool, and saved into a data acquisition package. Firstly, the driving cycle was established for the urban area of the city, one car and different routes have been employed to implement this research; some realistic results have been achieved. The second part of the project was to estimate the emission from the same car using the driving cycle obtained and to compare the results with a measured ones obtained by a gas analyzer attached to that car in order to validate the methodology used in this paper. A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions is achieved, estimated vehicle emissions were validated. The method is easy to follow and the result...
One of the most significant current discussions in climate change is around the issue of low carb... more One of the most significant current discussions in climate change is around the issue of low carbon emission and its effect on human health. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the transport share of world emissions. Recent developments in this field have heightened the need for Driving Cycle establishment in order to understand and reduce vehicle emissions. However, a major problem with this Driving Cycle characteristic is that it varies from one city to another due to the type of principle activities (industrial, agricultural) present. Therefore, individual testing is necessary for each region in order to establish a representative tool for Local Authorities to identify the air quality in terms of traffic emissions. To date, there has been little discussion about Driving Cycle developments, so the purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the Driving Cycles in some cites then present a low cost monitoring tool for on road vehicle emissions.
Applied Energy, 2011
Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for the transportation sector, particularly car ... more Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for the transportation sector, particularly car emissions in urban areas, and there is much interest in evaluating the actual level of emissions. In this paper, a case study of a standard driving cycle in the urban area of Dublin city is presented. On-road, speed-time data was extracted by an on-board diagnostic tool, and saved into a data acquisition package. Firstly, the driving cycle was established for the urban area of the city; one car travelling different routes has been employed to implement this research and some representative results have been achieved. The second part of the project was to estimate the emissions from the same car using the driving cycle obtained and compare the results with those obtained by a gas analyzer attached to the car simultaneously in order to validate the methodology used in this paper. A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions is proposed and estimated vehicle emissions were compared with measured results. The method is easy to follow and the results are in a good fit to the estimated values.
Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2019
Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2017
A great interest has arisen in technologies that use radio frequency. Not limited to the sensitiv... more A great interest has arisen in technologies that use radio frequency. Not limited to the sensitive electrical devices, radio frequency is the key for all applications that employ transmission of information. This has brought different kinds of fear on what effects these frequencies could have on human beings. Radio frequency shielding is employed where there is a need for that whether as a precaution or a requirement. In this article, transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) in the form of thin films are reviewed as a type of material known to have the best combination between good conductivity and optical transparency. The physical properties of TCOs were thoroughly discussed to address a good understanding for the radio frequency attenuation process.
Encyclopedia of Smart Materials, 2022
This is an accepted manuscript of an article published byElsevier in Reference Module in Material... more This is an accepted manuscript of an article published byElsevier in Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering on 14/12/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815732-9.00061-9 The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published versionHydrogen continues to receive increased attention as the most promising energy carrier enabling sustainable and eco-friendly energy systems. Despite the various advantages of hydrogen fuel, storing hydrogen in a light-weight and compact form is the barrier towards the commercialization of the hydrogen technologies. Thus, the availability of a reliable, inexpensive, safe and efficient hydrogen storage technology is crucial to support and foster the transition to a hydrogen-powered world. Among the possible hydrogen storage solutions, storing hydrogen in the solid-state, such as metal hydrides, is the safest and most attractive method for on-board hydrogen storage. The metal hydrides can release highly pure hydrogen, via a low-pressure endothermic process, suitable to be used directly in the hydrogen fuel cell devices. This article presents an overview of using Mg and Mg2Ni-based alloys for solid-state hydrogen storage. A review of the hydrogen storage technologies is presented first and then the most recent developments on Mg and Mg2Ni-based hydrogen storage materials are highlighted.Published versio
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016
The demand for clean power source which can be used to run the various types of vehicles on the r... more The demand for clean power source which can be used to run the various types of vehicles on the road is increasing on a daily basis due to the fact that high emissions released from internal combustion engine play a significant role in air pollution and climate change. Fuel cell devices, particularly Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) type, are strong candidates to replace the internal combustion engines in the transport industry. The PEMFC technology still has many challenges including high cost, low durability and hydrogen storage problems which limit the wide-world commercialization of this technology. In this paper, the fuel cell cost, durability and performances challenges which are associated with using of fuel cell technology for transport applications are detailed and reviewed. Recent developments that deal with the proposed challenges are reported. Furthermore, problems of hydrogen infrastructure and hydrogen storage in the fuel cell vehicle are discussed.
Achour Hussam and Marashly Abdullah and Olabi Abdul Ghani Assessing Energy Consumption of the Transport Sector in Aleppo Syria Sustainable Manufacturing and Renewable Energy 1 Pp 87 102 Issn 2153 6821, 2012
Energy consumption from the transport section, in many developing countries, has not been dealt w... more Energy consumption from the transport section, in many developing countries, has not been dealt with the same intensity than that of developed countries. Due to the rapidly expanding mobile populations in the developing world, the issue of low carbon development and transport needs to be urgently addressed. In this paper, two cars using different routes have been employed. Vehicle speed, engine speed along with other data have been extracted from the two cars using an on-board diagnostic reader and a data acquisition software installed in a portable PC. Data has been saved and used to establish driving cycles for Aleppo city in SYRIA and to estimate the energy consumption of the two cars. A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions is proposed and estimated vehicle emissions is compared with measured results. The method is easy to follow and the results correlate well with the estimated values.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016
Abstract One of the most significant current discussions in climate change is around the issue of... more Abstract One of the most significant current discussions in climate change is around the issue of low carbon emission and its effect on human health. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the transport share of world emissions. Recent developments in this field have heightened the need for Driving Cycle establishment in order to understand and reduce vehicle emissions. However, a major problem with this Driving Cycle characteristic is that it varies from one city to another due to the type of principle activities (industrial, agricultural) present. Therefore, individual testing is necessary for each region in order to establish a representative tool for Local Authorities to identify the air quality in terms of traffic emissions. To date, there has been little discussion about Driving Cycle developments, so in this paper, experimental studies, which predict sufficient parameters in driving cycle modelling, were summarized in the literature review and gave comprehensive feedback to the field for further investigations. Subsequently, the author presented a simple method for establishing the driving cycle, and estimating vehicle emission. As COPERT software is one of the most commonly deployed tools in Europe, the methodology involved a formula that is being obtained from COPERT. Later this formula is being used in a program which makes use of bulk traffic movements and average vehicle speeds in order to estimate emissions. The combination of On-board diagnostic data extraction incorporated in all modern passenger cars and program used to allow real world vehicular activities to be recorded, in order to better estimate the contribution of private cars to local emissions inventories. Representative driving cycles reflecting the real-world driving conditions of two cities were proposed and estimated vehicle emissions were compared with measured results.
Driving cycles in such a city are analysed by researchers in the same approach in many countries.... more Driving cycles in such a city are analysed by researchers in the same approach in many countries. Due to recent advancements in some software packages utilized to estimate vehicle emissions, many projects have been conducted on establishing the drive cycle of a specific area/city. In this paper, a preliminary case study on the estimation of the emission values taken from a passenger car has been carried out. An On Board Diagnostic (OBD II) reader has been used and configured to extract the data and save it in a built-in data acquisition package in order to estimate an instantaneous emissions produced from a vehicle. A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions was achieved and estimated vehicle emissions were validated. This method is user-friendly and the results were shown to be accurate as real data from Aleppo city was used.
In conjunction with recent advancements, many software packages have been utilized to estimate ve... more In conjunction with recent advancements, many software packages have been utilized to estimate vehicle emissions. The advantages of using these software techniques include cost and time savings, However good correlations between the predicted results of the software and the actual data obtained by direct measurement are still maintained. In this paper, a preliminary case study on the estimation of the emission values taken from a passenger car was carried out. An On Board Diagnostic (OBD II) reader has been used and configured to extract the data and save it in a built-in data acquisition package in order to estimate an instantaneous emissions produced from a vehicle. On road driving cycles for Dublin were created, and thus an emissions estimate methodology was implemented. More realistic results for Dublin suburb were achieved by using these driving cycles instead of the new European driving cycle. A comparison between Urban and Extra-Urban driving cycles was carried out in terms o...
Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for transportation, particularly car emissions i... more Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for transportation, particularly car emissions in urban area. In this paper, a preliminary case study of a standard driving cycle in the urban area of Dublin city has been presented. On-road speed-time data were extracted by an On-board diagnostic system connector tool, and saved into a data acquisition package. Firstly, the driving cycle was established for the urban area of the city, one car and different routes have been employed to implement this research; some realistic results have been achieved. The second part of the project was to estimate the emission from the same car using the driving cycle obtained and to compare the results with a measured ones obtained by a gas analyzer attached to that car in order to validate the methodology used in this paper. A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions is achieved, estimated vehicle emissions were validated. The method is easy to follow and the result...
One of the most significant current discussions in climate change is around the issue of low carb... more One of the most significant current discussions in climate change is around the issue of low carbon emission and its effect on human health. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the transport share of world emissions. Recent developments in this field have heightened the need for Driving Cycle establishment in order to understand and reduce vehicle emissions. However, a major problem with this Driving Cycle characteristic is that it varies from one city to another due to the type of principle activities (industrial, agricultural) present. Therefore, individual testing is necessary for each region in order to establish a representative tool for Local Authorities to identify the air quality in terms of traffic emissions. To date, there has been little discussion about Driving Cycle developments, so the purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the Driving Cycles in some cites then present a low cost monitoring tool for on road vehicle emissions.
Applied Energy, 2011
Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for the transportation sector, particularly car ... more Air pollution is becoming a very important issue for the transportation sector, particularly car emissions in urban areas, and there is much interest in evaluating the actual level of emissions. In this paper, a case study of a standard driving cycle in the urban area of Dublin city is presented. On-road, speed-time data was extracted by an on-board diagnostic tool, and saved into a data acquisition package. Firstly, the driving cycle was established for the urban area of the city; one car travelling different routes has been employed to implement this research and some representative results have been achieved. The second part of the project was to estimate the emissions from the same car using the driving cycle obtained and compare the results with those obtained by a gas analyzer attached to the car simultaneously in order to validate the methodology used in this paper. A representative driving cycle reflecting the real-world driving conditions is proposed and estimated vehicle emissions were compared with measured results. The method is easy to follow and the results are in a good fit to the estimated values.