I. Los - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by I. Los
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 1994
Since the reactor accident of Chernobyl, cesium depth profiles and nuclide-specific kerma rates i... more Since the reactor accident of Chernobyl, cesium depth profiles and nuclide-specific kerma rates in air have been determined for various grassland sites in south Bavaria and in Ukraine. The sites are described by soil characteristics, annual precipitation, distance from release point, mode of deposition, and activity per unit area. The effects of surface roughness and migration of cesium into the soil on the kerma rate in air over grasslands was determined by two methods. The kerma rates in air obtained by the evaluations of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry results and of measured activity distributions in the soil showed only negligible differences for the observation period of 6 years after deposition. For the sites in Ukraine the kerma rate in air per activity per unit area was found to be systematically 40% higher than in Bavaria. The results from Bavaria on the attenuation of the kerma rate and a data set, including experiences from the weapons test fallout, are analytically approximated as a function of time up to 25 years after deposition.
Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 1993
ABSTRACT The results of measurements of the radon volume activity in the atmosphere of premises, ... more ABSTRACT The results of measurements of the radon volume activity in the atmosphere of premises, obtained by the track method, are presented. On the basis of the measurements carried out one can conclude that the problem of radon is urgent in Ukraine, especially for living premises located on the Ukrainian crystalline shield and represented by one-storey buildings.
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales, 1996
The problem of post-Chernobyl dosimetry is unique in its complexity in the history of radiation m... more The problem of post-Chernobyl dosimetry is unique in its complexity in the history of radiation medicine and radiation protection. This is because the early experience of mass exposure of people (bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Windscale and South-Ural accidents, exposure of inhabitants of Nevada in the United States of America, the Semipalatinsk area in the former USSR, the Marshall Islands, and the Goiånia accident in Brazil, and others) differed both in the much simpler structure of the irradiation source and in the number and characteristics of exposed persons. It is obvious that post-Chernobyl dosimetry, both as an independent problem, and as a tool for epidemiological studies, requires significant expertise and economic and technical expenditures. Extensive and deep research has been carried out in Ukraine for the past 10 years. This article reviews the main results of these studies.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 1999
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1993
Many kinds of environmental samples including total diet samples, were collected in the Chemobyl ... more Many kinds of environmental samples including total diet samples, were collected in the Chemobyl (Ukraine) vicinity and in Ibaraki prefecture (Japan). Six radionuclides and twelve stable elements were analyzed. After samples were dry-ashed, radioactivities of 137Cs, 134Cs, 40K, 60Co and 54Mn were determined by y-ray spectroscopy with a germanium detector. Strontium-90 was determined by low-background B-spectrometry. Stable elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Comparison of the levels of radionuclides between the Ukraine and lbaraki showed the former were several tinges to a few tens of thousands of times higher than the latter, depending on the samples.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1993
Approximately 100 freshwater samples (ground water, surface water, etc.) collected in the former ... more Approximately 100 freshwater samples (ground water, surface water, etc.) collected in the former USSR were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Standard water, NBS SRM 1643b, was used for quality control. By u sing the semi-quantitative analysis mode, analytical data and ceaified values (or informative values) were in agreement within + 30%. Concentrations of B, Ni, Se, Sr and Ba were found to be higher than global means. Concentration levels of Ag and Pb tended to be lower. For Be, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, T1, and Bi, the concentrations were almost equal to the global levels.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1994
Approximately 100 freshwater samples were collected in Ukraine, Russia, and Belomssia with regard... more Approximately 100 freshwater samples were collected in Ukraine, Russia, and Belomssia with regard to the Chemobyl accident. Thorium and uranium were determined by both quantitative and semiquantitative analysis modes of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Thorium-232 was detected in only a few samples. Uranium concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 1,000ng/ml. Mean and median concentrations of 2:~SU were found to be 30.7 + 139 and 0.7 ng/ml, respectively. The isotope ratio of 234U/238U ranged from 4.6 .-10 -5 to 4.4.10 -4. Mean ratio of 235U/238U was 0.00721 + 0.00006 (n=27).
Health Physics, 1996
The results of radiation monitoring data and migration pathway analysis of water bodies within ar... more The results of radiation monitoring data and migration pathway analysis of water bodies within areas affected by the 1986 Chernobyl accident provide a unique opportunity for decision-makers working in other extensively contaminated regions to optimize their approaches to surface and groundwater protection. Most engineering measures within the Chernobyl 30-km exclusion zone were focused on preventing secondary contamination of surface and groundwater from entering the Pripyat River and the Kiev Reservoir. However, implementation of these measures required huge financial and human resources. Therefore, lessons about post-accidental water protection activities can be learned from the Chernobyl example.
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2000
This paper presents the results of a study, carried out in 1996, of the distributions of 137Cs an... more This paper presents the results of a study, carried out in 1996, of the distributions of 137Cs and 90Sr in the biomass of a new pine plantation, planted in 1987-1988, in the near field of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The maximum observed concentrations were 4.2 MBq kg(-1) for 137Cs in the youngest needles and 1.1 MBq kg(-1) for 90Sr in the oldest needles. The estimation of the total absorbed doses in the different organs of the pine was also carried out, the observed doses were in the range 2 Gy yr(-1) to 16.8 Gy yr(-1); the lifetime dose for the needles (4 yr) was 44 Gy.
We compared 14C levels in annual growth rings of pine trees around the Tomsk nuclear fuel reproce... more We compared 14C levels in annual growth rings of pine trees around the Tomsk nuclear fuel reprocessing plant (NFRP) and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP). At the Chernobyl site, samples were taken from the control area (within a 30-km radius zone around the site) to a distance of 80 km. In Tomsk, we collected samples between 8-10 km and 10-15 km from the site, taking into account prevailing wind directions. Background samples were collected 200 km from the plant. Samples were converted to benzene and counted in an ultra-low-level LSC Quantulus 1220TU. Because of the Cherno-byl accident, a signal can be detected in the background of routine plant operation. Comparison with the Tomsk data suggests that the routine discharges from Tomsk are more significant than the discharge from the Chernobyl accident. We estimated Tomsk NFRP annual discharge level at up to 30115 TBq"C from 1985 to 1988.
Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 1994
Since the reactor accident of Chernobyl, cesium depth profiles and nuclide-specific kerma rates i... more Since the reactor accident of Chernobyl, cesium depth profiles and nuclide-specific kerma rates in air have been determined for various grassland sites in south Bavaria and in Ukraine. The sites are described by soil characteristics, annual precipitation, distance from release point, mode of deposition, and activity per unit area. The effects of surface roughness and migration of cesium into the soil on the kerma rate in air over grasslands was determined by two methods. The kerma rates in air obtained by the evaluations of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry results and of measured activity distributions in the soil showed only negligible differences for the observation period of 6 years after deposition. For the sites in Ukraine the kerma rate in air per activity per unit area was found to be systematically 40% higher than in Bavaria. The results from Bavaria on the attenuation of the kerma rate and a data set, including experiences from the weapons test fallout, are analytically approximated as a function of time up to 25 years after deposition.
Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 1993
ABSTRACT The results of measurements of the radon volume activity in the atmosphere of premises, ... more ABSTRACT The results of measurements of the radon volume activity in the atmosphere of premises, obtained by the track method, are presented. On the basis of the measurements carried out one can conclude that the problem of radon is urgent in Ukraine, especially for living premises located on the Ukrainian crystalline shield and represented by one-storey buildings.
World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales, 1996
The problem of post-Chernobyl dosimetry is unique in its complexity in the history of radiation m... more The problem of post-Chernobyl dosimetry is unique in its complexity in the history of radiation medicine and radiation protection. This is because the early experience of mass exposure of people (bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Windscale and South-Ural accidents, exposure of inhabitants of Nevada in the United States of America, the Semipalatinsk area in the former USSR, the Marshall Islands, and the Goiånia accident in Brazil, and others) differed both in the much simpler structure of the irradiation source and in the number and characteristics of exposed persons. It is obvious that post-Chernobyl dosimetry, both as an independent problem, and as a tool for epidemiological studies, requires significant expertise and economic and technical expenditures. Extensive and deep research has been carried out in Ukraine for the past 10 years. This article reviews the main results of these studies.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 1999
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1993
Many kinds of environmental samples including total diet samples, were collected in the Chemobyl ... more Many kinds of environmental samples including total diet samples, were collected in the Chemobyl (Ukraine) vicinity and in Ibaraki prefecture (Japan). Six radionuclides and twelve stable elements were analyzed. After samples were dry-ashed, radioactivities of 137Cs, 134Cs, 40K, 60Co and 54Mn were determined by y-ray spectroscopy with a germanium detector. Strontium-90 was determined by low-background B-spectrometry. Stable elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Comparison of the levels of radionuclides between the Ukraine and lbaraki showed the former were several tinges to a few tens of thousands of times higher than the latter, depending on the samples.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1993
Approximately 100 freshwater samples (ground water, surface water, etc.) collected in the former ... more Approximately 100 freshwater samples (ground water, surface water, etc.) collected in the former USSR were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Standard water, NBS SRM 1643b, was used for quality control. By u sing the semi-quantitative analysis mode, analytical data and ceaified values (or informative values) were in agreement within + 30%. Concentrations of B, Ni, Se, Sr and Ba were found to be higher than global means. Concentration levels of Ag and Pb tended to be lower. For Be, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, T1, and Bi, the concentrations were almost equal to the global levels.
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, 1994
Approximately 100 freshwater samples were collected in Ukraine, Russia, and Belomssia with regard... more Approximately 100 freshwater samples were collected in Ukraine, Russia, and Belomssia with regard to the Chemobyl accident. Thorium and uranium were determined by both quantitative and semiquantitative analysis modes of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Thorium-232 was detected in only a few samples. Uranium concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 1,000ng/ml. Mean and median concentrations of 2:~SU were found to be 30.7 + 139 and 0.7 ng/ml, respectively. The isotope ratio of 234U/238U ranged from 4.6 .-10 -5 to 4.4.10 -4. Mean ratio of 235U/238U was 0.00721 + 0.00006 (n=27).
Health Physics, 1996
The results of radiation monitoring data and migration pathway analysis of water bodies within ar... more The results of radiation monitoring data and migration pathway analysis of water bodies within areas affected by the 1986 Chernobyl accident provide a unique opportunity for decision-makers working in other extensively contaminated regions to optimize their approaches to surface and groundwater protection. Most engineering measures within the Chernobyl 30-km exclusion zone were focused on preventing secondary contamination of surface and groundwater from entering the Pripyat River and the Kiev Reservoir. However, implementation of these measures required huge financial and human resources. Therefore, lessons about post-accidental water protection activities can be learned from the Chernobyl example.
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2000
This paper presents the results of a study, carried out in 1996, of the distributions of 137Cs an... more This paper presents the results of a study, carried out in 1996, of the distributions of 137Cs and 90Sr in the biomass of a new pine plantation, planted in 1987-1988, in the near field of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The maximum observed concentrations were 4.2 MBq kg(-1) for 137Cs in the youngest needles and 1.1 MBq kg(-1) for 90Sr in the oldest needles. The estimation of the total absorbed doses in the different organs of the pine was also carried out, the observed doses were in the range 2 Gy yr(-1) to 16.8 Gy yr(-1); the lifetime dose for the needles (4 yr) was 44 Gy.
We compared 14C levels in annual growth rings of pine trees around the Tomsk nuclear fuel reproce... more We compared 14C levels in annual growth rings of pine trees around the Tomsk nuclear fuel reprocessing plant (NFRP) and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP). At the Chernobyl site, samples were taken from the control area (within a 30-km radius zone around the site) to a distance of 80 km. In Tomsk, we collected samples between 8-10 km and 10-15 km from the site, taking into account prevailing wind directions. Background samples were collected 200 km from the plant. Samples were converted to benzene and counted in an ultra-low-level LSC Quantulus 1220TU. Because of the Cherno-byl accident, a signal can be detected in the background of routine plant operation. Comparison with the Tomsk data suggests that the routine discharges from Tomsk are more significant than the discharge from the Chernobyl accident. We estimated Tomsk NFRP annual discharge level at up to 30115 TBq"C from 1985 to 1988.