IOSR JMCE - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by IOSR JMCE

Heat transfer characteristics of circular Two phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) charged with diffe... more Heat transfer characteristics of circular Two phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) charged with different fluids (Propylene Glycol and Ethylene Glycol) of 1000mm length and 19mm outside diameter were determined for different fill volume ratio (40% and 60%), inclination angle (0° to 50° from vertical) and heat input supplied (60°C to 80°C). An experimental study was performed on TPCT charged with EG and PG with different fill volume ratio and results obtained were compared for all inclination and heat inputs setup developed. The efficiencies of TPCT found to be deteriorate with respect to increase in inclination angle for both the fluids. Optimum inclination angle for PG-TPCT is 20° to 30° and that for EG-TPCT is 20° to 30° for both fill volume ratio. With increase in a heat input the efficiencies were begin to increase but less affected with fill volume ratio. The average efficiency of EG-TPCT is found to be higher.

In Hydraulic Power System, pressurized fluid is supplied by a pump driven by an electrical motor.... more In Hydraulic Power System, pressurized fluid is supplied by a pump driven by an electrical motor. Hydraulic Brake is an association of braking mechanism which makes use of brake fluid, commonly containing ethylene glycol, to switch pressure from the controlling unit, which is usually close to the operator of the vehicle, to the rear brake mechanism, which is typically at or near the wheel of the vehicle. This paper presents the design of the hydraulic system for motorcycle and analyzes the utility of different brake circuits used.

Groundwater is one ofthe alternatives for water resource to meet the increasing demand ofclean wa... more Groundwater is one ofthe alternatives for water resource to meet the increasing demand ofclean water supply in Malaysia. Groundwater is water that accumulates in crevices of rock, soil and sand atthe bottom of the earth resulting from water flowing along the surface of streams or lakes. Many researcheshave been carried out to overcome theissues on demand and supply of clean water including the usageofgeophysics analysis with electrical resistivity method. The Vocational College in Jasin, Melaka was chosen as a potential area to detect the groundwater sources. Three horizontal lines were identified at the location namely Jasin-1, Jasin-2, and Jasin-3, before running the resistivity testing using the ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000. The protocol of Pole-Dipole was used for Jasin-1 and Jasin-2 while the Schlumberger was used for Jasin-3 in order to read the data. Then, the data was analysed using the RES2DINV software and presented in 2-dimensional images. Based on the findings, Jasin Vocational College is a potential area to produce groundwater with resistivity reading of 25 to 100 ohm at 30 to 135 meter depth. Of the three lines, Jasin-1 was recommended as atube well potential spot. The analysis also shows that Jasin-1 area consistsof alluvium form sand, clay and gravel.

When a specific reinforcing material is dispersed in a metal matrix, the resultant is Metal Matri... more When a specific reinforcing material is dispersed in a metal matrix, the resultant is Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). This dispersion can be achieved by powder metallurgy or by casting. The casting technology is cheap, easy, and widely available, but it suffers some technical challenges specially the challenge of achieving a homogeneous distribution of reinforcement particulates through the matrix, where the distribution affects the composite properties. Its common that the Aluminum is one of the best alternatives for its unique availability (8% of the earth's crust), and making composites enables let's say to tailor the properties as required. In this experimental, the composites under investigation are prepared in two formulations. The first one is Al/SiC MMC by addition of Silicon Carbide (SiC) particulates to the Aluminum matrix, and the second is Al/MgO MMC by addition of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) to the Aluminum matrix. Weight percentages of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15% and 20% are applied. The composites are prepared by liquid state mixing technique. To ensure homogeneous dispersion of ceramic particulates in the Aluminum matrix, specimens are taken from different locations in each cast and subjected to microscopic observation after proper preparation where and volumetric fractions are investigated, micro-structural examination and micro-structural analysis are carried out using optical microscope. Tensile, wear, hardness, & impact tests are conducted as well, and then fracture surfaces observation is employed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). Adding SiC, MgO particulates to the matrix increased the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and hardness, and decreased elongation (ductility) of the composite compared with those of the pure Aluminum. Increasing weight percentage of SiC, MgO increased its strengthening effect, with higher strength, higher hardness, and finer grain size.

Internal combustion engines have been used to power automobiles for more than a century using gas... more Internal combustion engines have been used to power automobiles for more than a century using gasoline and diesel as the primary sources of energy. With the introduction of stricter fuel economy regulations such as Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards in the light of environmental pollution, global warming and fuel scarcity new alternative fuels have been researched. Ammonia is such an alternative fuel used for decades and have picked up the momentum recent years. In this paper three recent attempts to use ammonia as a fuel for internal combustion engine have been reviewed.

The performance of a high rise building during strong earthquake motions depends on the distribut... more The performance of a high rise building during strong earthquake motions depends on the distribution of stiffness, strength and mass along both the vertical and horizontal directions. If there is discontinuity in stiffness, strength and mass between adjoining storeys of a building then such a building is known as irregular building. The present study focuses on the performance and behavior of regular and vertical irregular G+10 reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under seismic loading. Two types of vertical irregularities namely stiffness and setback are considered in this study. Total eight regular and irregular buildings are modeled and seismic analysis is carried out using response spectrum analysis (RSA) method. Different seismic responses like storey displacement, storey drift, overturning moment, storey shear force, and storey stiffness are obtained. By using these responses, a comparative study has been made between regular and irregular buildings. The result remarks the conclusion that, a building structure with stiffness and setback irregularity provides instability during seismic loading. To control the instability, a proportionate amount of stiffness is beneficial in RC building.

With the development of science and technology and the improvement of economic level, the service... more With the development of science and technology and the improvement of economic level, the service robot has been developed rapidly in recent years. As one of the service robots, the greeting robots are being welcomed in the exhibition halls, science and technology museums, exhibition centers, banks and other places. In view of this, a new greeting robot, including its head, arm, body and chassis, is designed in this paper. Furthermore, the drive mode of the greeting robot is also designed. Finally, we carry out the motion simulation of the greeting robot, and the simulation result verifies the validity of the designed greeting robot.

Results of the experimental study on the axial compressive behavior of steel fiber reinforced con... more Results of the experimental study on the axial compressive behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) wrapped with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) have been presented in this paper. A total of 18 concrete cylinders were tested under axial compression. The effects of steel fiber parameters were investigated which includes fiber aspect ratio (AR) and fiber volume fraction (VF). The concrete cylinders were divided into groups of confined and unconfined ones. In accordance with previous study, it was found that, FRP confined cylinders showed greater axial stress than that of unconfined specimens. Although the presence of steel fiber increases the peak axial stresses for both confined and unconfined group of specimens, but no significant change of peak axial stress (and peak strain) has been observed in both confined and unconfined group due to increase of fiber volume ratio. But with the increase of fiber aspect ratio, the peak axial stresses of both unconfined and FRP-confined cylinders were found to slightly decrease. It was also observed that, concrete specimens reinforced with internal steel fiber absorbed much higher energy than that of unreinforced ones.

One of the key challenges in multidisciplinary design is integration of design and analysis metho... more One of the key challenges in multidisciplinary design is integration of design and analysis methods of various systems in design framework. To achieve Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) goals of aircraft systems, high fidelity analysis are required from multiple disciplines like aerodynamics, structures or performance. High Fidelity Analysis like Computer-Aided Design and Engineering (CAD/CAE) techniques, complex computer models and computation-intensive analyses/simulations are often used to accurately study the system behaviour towards design optimization. Due to high computational cost and numerical noise associated with these analyses, they cannot be used effectively. The use of surrogates or Response Surface Models (RSM) is one approach in Multi Disciplinary design optimization to avoid the computation barrier and to take care of artificial minima due to numerical noise. This paper brings out a method based on use of " Smart Response Surface Models" to generate surrogate models, with its validated subspace, in the design space around the point of interest with the use of legacy data for MDO. The method has been evaluated on three test cases, which are created based on High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Test Suite

The Power house complex of Karuma Hydropower project comprises three main caverns i.e Power house... more The Power house complex of Karuma Hydropower project comprises three main caverns i.e Power house, Transformer Hall and Tailrace surge gallery set at a depth of about 80m in mainly granitic gneiss rock medium. The cavern has been oriented in a N141° direction based on engineering considerations. The principle stress direction is also found nearly parallel to the axis of the caverns and thus the present orientation satisfies both engineering and geotechnical criteria. The support by way of rock anchors and SFRS/ Plain shotcrete has been provided based on analysis using phase 2 software. The underground caverns lie in low geostress field and therefore numerical simulation of excavation of these caverns were done to understand the rock mass behavior during excavation and thus help in design of excavation sequence and rock support. The excavation of all three caverns has since been completed and concrete works are in progress. This paper sums up the 3D simulation analysis of the rock medium and the proposed rock support system for the three caverns.

Experimental modal analysis has grown steadily in popularity since the advent of the digital FFT ... more Experimental modal analysis has grown steadily in popularity since the advent of the digital FFT spectrum analyzer in the early 1970's. Today, impact testing (or bump testing) has become widespread as a fast and economical means of finding the modes of vibration of a machine or structure. In this paper, it presents the experimental and numerical modal analysis of a compressor mounting bracket (CMB). The dynamic behavior of CMB is investigated through impact testing. The three-dimensional finite element models are constructed using Altair HyperMesh and an numerical modal analysis is then performed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three-orthogonal directions. The finite element model agrees well with the experimental tests and eventually it helps the designer to design upfront with much lesser cost and time of experimentation. Keywords: Experimental modal analysis (EMA), finite element analysis (FEA), FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation), Compressor mounting bracket (CMB).

In this review, the effect of laser peening process with and without protective coating is discus... more In this review, the effect of laser peening process with and without protective coating is discussed over the different material and it is observed that the residual stress are induced in material surface up to some depth according to process parameters of LSP. Fatigue strength and micro-hardness of material are enhance by inducing residual stresses which further depends on process parameters and material properties.

Refrigerant R134a base systems has higher GWP value that's why the conversion of same into eco-fr... more Refrigerant R134a base systems has higher GWP value that's why the conversion of same into eco-friendly system is the major concern for refrigeration industry. This investigation focuses on mixture ratio of pure hydrocarbon R290 and R600a used in 200 liter domestic refrigeration system by certain changes in mass ratio of refrigerants. In the present work, first of all the effect of mass ratio of HCM refrigerants on the performance of the system was investigated. HCM of R600a/R290 (60/40 by wt. %) gave better performance than that of HCM R600a/R290 (70/30 by wt. %), R600a/R290 (50/50 by wt. %) and R134a. The mass ratio of HCM (R600a/ R290) refrigerants was optimized for the performance parameter with respect to evaporating temperature. The COP of R600a/R290 (60/40 by wt. %) mixture was higher than that of R600a/R290 (50/50 by wt. %) by 21.9% and 17.6% at-5 0 C and 5 0 C evaporative temperature respectively. COP decreased as propane mass fraction in HCM increased above 40%.

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional machining method based on principle of rever... more Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a non-traditional machining method based on principle of reverse electroplating (anode loses metal to cathode). ECM uses principal of electrolysis to remove metal from the work piece. Due to improper tool design of complicated shapes, there are chances of passivation and boiling of electrolyte in ECM process that causes poor machining. In this present study three dimensional flow pattern of ECM process has been simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in L-shaped tool models. This work is for optimizing the design of L-shaped tool and to study the flow pattern, current density distribution, velocity profile, temperature pattern, turbulence and final shape change of workpiece top surface. ANSYS was used for design and simulating this CFD problem, the geometrical model consists of a circular workpiece made with Iron, 20% brine solution (NaCl) as electrolyte and L-shaped copper tool with different kind of grooves.

In this paper main focus is given on alternative ways of thermal load applied through the thickne... more In this paper main focus is given on alternative ways of thermal load applied through the thickness of laminated composite plate. Research has assumed gradient or constant thermal profile along the thickness of the plate. Laminated composite is a complex material therefore assumed loading profiles may not obey the gradient or constant thermal profile path therefore, as a research in all total 10 thermal profiles are studied. The results in tabular and graphical forms are presented along with discussion. First Order Shear Deformation Theory (FOST) is used for analysis. Various quantities, namely in plane as well as transverse displacements and stresses are obtained when thermal load is applied in various orientations along the thickness of the plate. Main focus in this article is analysis of transverse shear displacement and results are presented in tabular and graphical form.

In this study, forced convection heat transfer of nanoliquids is done using both single-phase and... more In this study, forced convection heat transfer of nanoliquids is done using both single-phase and mixture-phase models and the results are compared with experimental results. The governing equations of the study here are discretized using the finite volume method. Hybrid differencing scheme is used to calculate the face values of the control volumes. A code is written using SIMPLER algorithm and then solved using the MATLAB engine. The mixture-phase model studied here, considers two slip mechanisms between nanoparticle and base-fluid, namely Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. Al 2 O 3-water nanofluid is used for the study of nanofluid and the study shows significant increase in convective heat transfer coefficient while the mixture-phase model demonstrates slightly lower values than the single-phase model. The study is done with various nanoparticle concentrations and Reynolds numbers. With increasing particle concentration and Reynolds number, the convective heat transfer coefficient increases and as well as the shear stress. For low concentrations of the nanoparticle, Nusselt number is slightly lower than the base fluid and as the concentration increases, the Nusselt number also rises higher than the base fluid.

Submarine pipelines used in the transportation of hydrocarbon in the oil and gas industry are usu... more Submarine pipelines used in the transportation of hydrocarbon in the oil and gas industry are usually subjected to external hydrostatic pressure and compressive stresses resulting in susceptibility to buckling and loss of structural stability. The objective of the present work was to examine influence of wall thickness on eigenvalue buckling load and hydrostatic pressure on ocean depth. Linear buckling analysis was conducted employing finite element method using ANSYS software package and the simulation was conducted varying wall thickness and ocean depth. The investigation showed collapse buckling pressure decreased linearly with ocean water depth but increased with thickness increment. Pipeline buckling failure can be minimized with wall thickness optimization design and selection.

Thegrowing conscience for sustainability has driven humanity to attempt to go back to basic and n... more Thegrowing conscience for sustainability has driven humanity to attempt to go back to basic and natural materials, such as the use of earth, and the incorporation of biopolymers and fibers, producing, among other things, a diverse kind of structural elements applied to architecture. Natural fibers can be a good alternative given its abundance and the great number of possibilities in regard to its use.The lechuguilla agave Torrey is a plant, belonging to the Agavaceaefamily, that can be found in several zones of Mexico, and from it, the fiber known as ixtle, generally used in the elaboration of crafted structures, can be obtained.The present paper has studied the stress resistance of the ixtle fibers, of this specie and its qualitative effect when dosed in an earth mixture to be used as mortar for wall coating. The study consisted in stress testing the fibers separately and entwined for its possible use. In the case of the mortar, different samples of clay soils were taken, stabilized and dosed with and without the fiber, observing the effect when used to cover a block surface and determining the material's resistance to compression. It has been found that it is possible to add fibers in mixtures and obtain a greater adherence in the block's surface, besides, it can be added to clay samples for revoke obtaining resistances of 18kg/cm2. Finally it was obtained that by weaving the fibers, the stress resistance can be enhanced by over 600%.

Multi-story steel buildings of various heights under the action of earthquake force are analyzed ... more Multi-story steel buildings of various heights under the action of earthquake force are analyzed by using time-history analysis technique. The ground motion records of El Centro, California in 1940 are considered in this study. Different types of stiffening systems (bracing and shear walls) are used for the considered buildings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the response of steel structures subjected to earthquake excitation and to investigate the effect of various stiffening systems in improving the response of these buildings. The finite element method of SAP 2000 V17program is used in the analysis. A static analysis is conducted to obtain an indication on the stiffness of the studied stiffening models in order to interpret the stiffness effect on the response of the structures under the seismic load. It is found that, the natural period of a structure is highly affected by the height of the structure and the used stiffeningsystem. It is inversely proportional with the stiffness and directly proportional with the height of the structure. It is concluded that the roof displacement andits maximum value at a specific momentdoes not give a clear indication for the behavior of building. Therefore the full time response of the building must be considered. Also it has been concluded that it is not necessarily when the stiffness of a building increases, the roof or any story displacement of the building decreases under earthquake load.

In this paper a new approach for Artificial Neural Networking using Feed Forward Back Propagation... more In this paper a new approach for Artificial Neural Networking using Feed Forward Back Propagation Method and Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation training function has been developed using Java Programming, where by directly feeding the RMS and Phase values of vibration, the unbalance plane can be detected with minimum error. In a Machine Fault Simulator RMS value and phase values of vibrations are collected from the four accelerometers placed in X and Y direction of Left and Right Bearings .Further these data are fed into the neural network for training purpose. In the testing phase of the neural network, the plane of vibration has been determined using different training algorithms available in MATLAB. Their prediction values have been compared with the actual value, errors for different training algorithms are calculated and a conclusion has been drawn for the best training function available for this current research work.