IR. DR. AZITA LAILY YUSOF (original) (raw)

Papers by IR. DR. AZITA LAILY YUSOF

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 2020

In the near future mobility management, handover initiation procedure is important as it will bec... more In the near future mobility management, handover initiation procedure is important as it will become a necessity trend. The major problem related to mobility performance is the time required for the network to make the decision of handover. A poorly designed handover process tends to make more cases of data loss or radio link failure and thus there must be an optimum handover threshold value to ensure a seamless handover process from serving to the target base station.Throughout this work, a system for analytical handover with mathematical equations was developed and derived by using MATLAB software. This research has proposed An adaptive Reference Signal Received Power Threshold (RSRPth)to initiate the handover process by using the user's speed and the handover signaling delay value.probability of handover failure (p f) was analyze based on the derivation of the adaptive value of RSRP th. From the obtained result, it has been found that with the developed analytical handover framework, the proposed adaptive RSRP th value for handover initiation has improved the number of handover failures.

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017

LTE is an enhanced of Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) network, enriched with n... more LTE is an enhanced of Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) network, enriched with new and outstanding features geared towards its network and mobile users. Hence, it can improve poor network coverage and quality of service (QoS). Improper network designed by network operators and random deployments of femtocell behaviour will attract interferences and severely degraded the LTE network. This paper reviewed several interference management techniques to improve LTE network performances based on Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Rel-8 until Rel-12 from recent studies. This paper covers several interferences i.e. co-channel interference (CCI), cross-tier interference and inter-cell interference (ICI). The techniques reviewed focus on victim users e.g. at cell-edge and indoor areas in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). All techniques were explained and the variables used were reviewed.

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017

Mobility management plays an important role in mobile network to support seamless communication i... more Mobility management plays an important role in mobile network to support seamless communication in Long Term Evolution -Advanced (LTE-A) network. The important part in communication is handover execution. To provide seamless communication system, the handover execution for the user from one base station to the others must be done in a smooth way. Thus, there is a need to develop some techniques to the system to improve the handover execution. One of the problems in the existing network is the fixed handover threshold value. In this work, a framework has been proposed to analyze the handover performance as the speed and summation of handoff signaling and Radio Link Failure (RLF) timer varies due to poor radio conditions case. A mathematical equation has been derived from the proposed framework. From the result, it has been found that the proposed framework was able to identify the value of dynamic threshold value (Sath), which is the adaptive received signal strength (RSS) for handover.

ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2017

GPS is a device that is capable of receiving information from GPS satellites and then to accurate... more GPS is a device that is capable of receiving information from GPS satellites and then to accurately calculate its geographical location. This paper presents child tracking system based on modelling of latitude and longitude coordinate and speed changing tracker. The system consists of a Bluetooth GPS receiver and an android smartphone. Communication between GPS and a smartphone is via Bluetooth protocol which requires the Bluetooth GPS to be paired with a smartphone. The smartphone will extract the coordinate and speed from GPS signal which send using National Marine Electronic Association (NMEA) format. This information is analysed to measure the distance and speed. The smartphone and the speed is more than 2.8km/h after receive an alarm the location of the child can be track using Google map or parent can be share the information via media social such Facebook or Whatsapp. The child tracking model based on latitude and longitude coordinate and speed parameter system has been successfully designed and implemented. It is able to protect the child safety by monitoring the location of the child.

ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2018

In telecommunications, femtocell technology has been introduced to improve indoor coverage and ca... more In telecommunications, femtocell technology has been introduced to improve indoor coverage and capacity. Femtocell is a small, low-power cellular base station deployed to offer better good services with low cost as it reduces the transmitted power. It is also designed to offload the traffic in macrocell to the femtocell network. However, the unplanned deployment of femtocells and their uncoordinated operations may result severe interference conditions among the femtocells and between macrocells and femtocells. In this paper, power control techniques has been proposed at the base stations to mitigate interference and increase the network capacity. Power control equation is applied at the base stations for both outdoor macrocell users and indoor femtocell users, and a framework is developed by using the MATLAB software to analyze the signal performance. From the results obtained, this proposed technique has increased number of successful handover and hence, can effectively eliminates ...

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

In this paper, an enhance DSSS technique was proposed which considers both serving and its neighb... more In this paper, an enhance DSSS technique was proposed which considers both serving and its neighbouring base stations in the network. N radius fraction coefficient (b) were applied in DSSS technique in order to improve the SINR value. First, SINR MUE and SINR WUE for the standard DSSS were simulated. Then, by using the obtained analysis, the enhance DSSS technique was proposed. As the results, the SINR at MUE using a-coefficient gives better SINR than standard around 4%~5% improvement. On the other hand, the SINR at WUE using SINR than standard around 9%~10% improvement. Other than that, by applying both a-coefficient and b-coefficient into the proposed DSSS based on modified interference power, the improvement for SINR MUE increases to 11% spikes to 74%~84%.

2019 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC), 2019

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest mobile network technology that design to further increase... more Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest mobile network technology that design to further increases of network capacity and coverage. An extensive research on femtocell network known as Home eNodeB has been investigated in LTE to improve the indoor network capacity and further extension of the coverage area in wireless communication networks. However, the handover process in femtocell has becomes a major challenge due to a frequent and unnecessary handover which can increase of handover failure probability rate. Therefore, the main obj ectives of this research is to derive a mathematical formulation of the dynamic boundary area size by incorporating value of user's speed and signaling delay in adaptive Reference Signal Received Power threshold (RSRPth) to ensure the determination of the right femtocell handoff initiation time. In order to observe the value of RSRPth, the users' speed and signaling delay were analyzed based on the probability of false handoff initiation (pa) and probability of handover failure (Pf). The simulation results show that the proposed values of adaptive RSRPth has better performance in initiating a handoff when the speed and signaling delay time varies. The preferred values avoid from sending too early or too late initiation of the femtocell handoff process and hence offload traffic from the heavily loaded macrocells.

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Typically, the information received by public is based on 24 The 24-hour PSI reading often cause ... more Typically, the information received by public is based on 24 The 24-hour PSI reading often cause som visually with the environment as seen with naked eye. Inaccurate reading may bring serious effect to people with respiratory problem. Furthermore, the reading from pollutant PM accurate as it measures particle matter as small a harmful particle matter is smaller than that. This project proposes a real haze monitoring device, based on pollutant PM controller to control the transmission process of measured data taken via wireless data network to the MySQL database. The reading, which is real compared to pollutant PM 10 , can provide haze awareness and guidance to people to plan their activities.

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Implementation of virtual library on PerpustakaanTun Abdul Razak 1 (PTAR 1), which used to be pac... more Implementation of virtual library on PerpustakaanTun Abdul Razak 1 (PTAR 1), which used to be packed with students most of the time library. Although the online database, Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC), eases the burden of users to inquire the availability and l have to go to the library and search through the endless cabinets to locate and retrieve the materials. This study proposes a system called Smart Book Locator System (SBLS), which incorporates Geographic Information System (GIS) to assist users in visualising and navigating them to the location of the

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2021

This paper presents the single event latch-up (SEL) detection for nano-satellite external solar r... more This paper presents the single event latch-up (SEL) detection for nano-satellite external solar radiation mitigation system. In this study, the SEL detection analysis was conducted using circuit test and simulation. An electrical power subsystem (EPS) is a part of all CubeSat bus subsystems and it comprises solar arrays, rechargeable batteries, and a power control and distribution unit (PCDU). In order to extract the maximum power generated by the solar arrays, a peak power tracking topology is required. This may lead to the SEL with the presence of high voltage produced by solar. To overcome the SEL problems, the circuit test and simulation must be done so that the flow of SEL will be easily detected and mitigate. The method that been used are by using microcontroller, the SEL will be created in the certain time. The programable integrated circuit (PIC) are used to mitigate SEL effect. It indicates that, the SEL occur very fast in certain time. When the simulation is conducted by u...

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019

Natural disaster is an unpredictable event which can cause service communication disruption. The ... more Natural disaster is an unpredictable event which can cause service communication disruption. The disruption of service communication can be divided into three cases which are power outage, broken backhaul and physical destruction by disaster. This paper focuses on power outage case. Although each base stations equipped with backup batteries, it only last for several hours. After natural disaster hit certain areas, traffic is highly congested due to panic and rescue operation of lifesaving. This scenario will drain the backup batteries quickly. In order to limit the UEs’ connection to the affected base station, this research proposed to adjust Received Signal Strength (RSS) based on parameter called as a distance fraction coefficient, α so that the affected coverage area is reduced when in disaster area situation. The parameter is added in the path loss equation and later in the RSS equation. The numerical results show the RSS improved whereby α=0.2 gives the optimal value and theref...

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019

DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial) is one of the latest technical ... more DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial) is one of the latest technical standards being developed by the DVB Project for DTT (Digital Terrestrial Television). It is also known as digital broadcasting trough terrestrial system since 2006 and is an extension of the DVB-T system as a second generation program to improve efficiency of the total system. It is important to perform a research on the performance of DVB-T2 because Malaysia has launched the free-to-air digital TV project since 2016 hence there is a need to know how well the signal is being received by viewers. This research focuses on a DVB-T2 transmission process which involve the transmission from Menara Kuala Lumpur transmitter to receivers located at 100 different locations. The performance of DVB-T2 can be determined by measuring the field strength, MER (Module Error Ratio) and BERaLDPC (Bit Error Rate after Low Density Parity Check decoder), and then a comparison between DVB-T and DVB-T2 systems can be made. Equipments involved in the measurement are indoor antenna, distribution amplifier, waveform monitor, field strength meter, DVB-T2 decoder and TV set as the receiver. Results are recorded in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using MATLAB software. The result of the measurement shows92% of the test points had higher reading than the baseline value which means better reception of digital TV signal is delivered to the location.Comparison between DVB-T and DVB-T2 performance shows that field strength of the DVB-T2 system is slightly higher by 1.5 %-3.8 % from DVB-T.

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018

An alibi is a priceless thing that someone can rely on when in needs. A good data management can ... more An alibi is a priceless thing that someone can rely on when in needs. A good data management can and will save someone life in respond to any unwanted situation.A simple, accurate and trustworthy data log for students in boarding school can and will help ease parent-teacher monitoring system. However, the conventional system require student to manually inform and record their log to their parents and teachers. The system is lacks of automation where a number of problem may arise. The problem includes the inaccurate logging time, misplace of outing card and an unorganized log record. Web-Based Boarding School Monitoring System (WEBMOS) Using MySQL Database and RFID Technology were invented to solve this problem. This technology offered a system that can record student log data in an accurate manner. The aim is to build a system that can provide the accurate data to parent and teacher via a single click through their personal device. This system uses RFID module technology to monitor ...

Jurnal Teknologi, 2016

The growing demand for mobile internet and wireless multimedia applications has motivated the dev... more The growing demand for mobile internet and wireless multimedia applications has motivated the development of broadband wireless-access technologies in recent years. There are several issues that could impact the base station handover as a serious problem in the mobile communication system. In hard handover, a short time break known as handover interruption decreases the quality-of-services (QoS) due to connection between mobile subscriber station (MS) and serving base station (BS) is closed and ranging hand initiation to establish new connection. Prolonged time of request and response due to number of neighbours to scan will cause delay in handover process. This research proposed performance analysis of WiMAX/IEEE 802.16 with mobility supported to scan the channels provided by the mobile station. The proposed strategy required the mobile station for operation with a scan that can be used to reduce the time when trying to establish a network connection or do between neighboring base ...

Landslides, 2015

Review of the literature on the reconstruction of the rainfall responsible for slope failures rev... more Review of the literature on the reconstruction of the rainfall responsible for slope failures reveals that criteria for the identification of rainfall events are lacking or somewhat subjective. To overcome this problem, we developed an algorithm for the objective and reproducible reconstruction of rainfall events and of rainfall conditions responsible for landslides. The algorithm consists of three distinct modules for (i) the reconstruction of distinct rainfall events, in terms of duration (D, in h) and cumulated event rainfall (E, in mm), (ii) the identification of multiple ED rainfall conditions responsible for the documented landslides, and (iii) the definition of critical rainfall thresholds for possible landslide occurrences. The algorithm uses pre-defined parameters to account for different seasonal and climatic settings. We applied the algorithm in Sicily, southern Italy, using rainfall measurements obtained from a network of 169 rain gauges, and information on 229 rainfall-induced landslides occurred between July 2002 and December 2012. The algorithm identified 29,270 rainfall events and reconstructed 472 ED rainfall conditions as possible triggers of the observed landslides. The algorithm exploited the multiple rainfall conditions to define objective and reproducible empirical rainfall thresholds for the possible initiation of landslide in Sicily. The calculated thresholds may be implemented in an operational early warning system for shallow landslide forecasting.

2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 2012

ABSTRACT Tweek atmospherics are ELF/VLF pulse signals with frequency dispersion characteristics g... more ABSTRACT Tweek atmospherics are ELF/VLF pulse signals with frequency dispersion characteristics generate from lightning discharges and spread in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide mode. This study uses the electromagnetic wave approach describe as ELF (extremely low frequency) and VLF (very low frequency) which propagates sub-ionospherically among the earth and the lowest ionosphere. This paper presents the nighttime D-region ionosphere characteristics of tweeks at Gakona station (62.71° N, 143.99°W) in the North America Region. By using the fundamental of cut-off frequency, we estimated the nighttime variations of the tweek reflection height of the D-region ionosphere, equivalent electron density and the distance travel by tweek along its propagation. Our observation indicated that the equivalent electron densities for tweeks varies from 23-27 el/cm3 in the altitude range of 77 to 91 km and demonstrated that these signals is capable to travel up to 5600 km over a wide area in mid-latitude region. Comparison in term of the ionospheric parameters at different latitude shows that the reflection height and electron density in this study is almost consistent for all latitude tweek measurements.

2013 International Conference on Computing, Management and Telecommunications (ComManTel), 2013

ABSTRACT This research presents the TEC value based on location of the receivers in Malaysia. Man... more ABSTRACT This research presents the TEC value based on location of the receivers in Malaysia. Many research group in several countries done their research in VRS concept, algorithm, performance, accuracy and method of transmitting the correction to the rover. This is because VRS has become most popular solution in network RTK which symbolizes the new stage of precise GPS positioning. The target is to calculate VRS total electron content and apply the dual frequency method in mapping functions, single layer model (SLM) and modified single layer model (M-SLM) for Total Electron Content (TEC). These 2 parameters will be used for research approach. The main focus is to study the concept of VRS techniques in Malaysia and the development of TEC calculation in ionospheric area using RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange) VRS data format which received from JUPEM (Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia) Kuala Lumpur. The results show that the content of TEC in Malaysia VRS station varies between −14.7006 TECU to maximum −33.9636 TECU.

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017

This paper studies a two-tier macrocell/ femtocell covered heterogeneous network based on Orthogo... more This paper studies a two-tier macrocell/ femtocell covered heterogeneous network based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology. In order to survive the surge in demand for stable and high data rates among mobile users, femtocell has been developed to increase indoor capacity and coverage. However, arrangement of femtocells has a challenge which is interference between femtocells itself as well to the present macrocells due to the femtocells sharing the similar frequency band assigning as macrocells. This will deteriorate the SINR user’s performance. Therefore, the Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) of six jointly a Dynamic Power Control (DPC) is proposed for mitigating the interference experienced between macro and femto users. This paper studied the effect of path loss compensation factor, α on the value of Signal to Interference Noise ratio (SINR) and proposed the best value of α. The simulation results indicate the proposed method is advantageous and can...

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2020

Demand of data usage and increase of subscribers in Long Term Evolution (LTE) has urged Third Gro... more Demand of data usage and increase of subscribers in Long Term Evolution (LTE) has urged Third Group Partnership Project (3GPP) to find a solution of traffic data growth. In Release 12, the 3GPP introduced Wi-Fi as an alternative to ease the heavy traffic at the LTE base station in dense areas. In contrary with the traffic offloading, Wi-Fi users suffer the worst network degradation because of co-channel interference at frequency 2.4GHz due to collided with LTE band 40. Interference management in LTE-Wi-Fi integrated network is crucial as it affect user’s experiences and services. In this paper, we enhanced a method which is Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) to improve user’s performance in LTE-Wi-Fi network. The DSSS has advantages such as more robust and ability to expand to higher data rates. We introduce a new coefficient called as chip rate coefficient (α) to investigate Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR) expression for User Equipments (UEs) in LTE-Wi-Fi networks. Th...

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 2020

In the near future mobility management, handover initiation procedure is important as it will bec... more In the near future mobility management, handover initiation procedure is important as it will become a necessity trend. The major problem related to mobility performance is the time required for the network to make the decision of handover. A poorly designed handover process tends to make more cases of data loss or radio link failure and thus there must be an optimum handover threshold value to ensure a seamless handover process from serving to the target base station.Throughout this work, a system for analytical handover with mathematical equations was developed and derived by using MATLAB software. This research has proposed An adaptive Reference Signal Received Power Threshold (RSRPth)to initiate the handover process by using the user's speed and the handover signaling delay value.probability of handover failure (p f) was analyze based on the derivation of the adaptive value of RSRP th. From the obtained result, it has been found that with the developed analytical handover framework, the proposed adaptive RSRP th value for handover initiation has improved the number of handover failures.

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017

LTE is an enhanced of Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) network, enriched with n... more LTE is an enhanced of Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) network, enriched with new and outstanding features geared towards its network and mobile users. Hence, it can improve poor network coverage and quality of service (QoS). Improper network designed by network operators and random deployments of femtocell behaviour will attract interferences and severely degraded the LTE network. This paper reviewed several interference management techniques to improve LTE network performances based on Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in Rel-8 until Rel-12 from recent studies. This paper covers several interferences i.e. co-channel interference (CCI), cross-tier interference and inter-cell interference (ICI). The techniques reviewed focus on victim users e.g. at cell-edge and indoor areas in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). All techniques were explained and the variables used were reviewed.

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017

Mobility management plays an important role in mobile network to support seamless communication i... more Mobility management plays an important role in mobile network to support seamless communication in Long Term Evolution -Advanced (LTE-A) network. The important part in communication is handover execution. To provide seamless communication system, the handover execution for the user from one base station to the others must be done in a smooth way. Thus, there is a need to develop some techniques to the system to improve the handover execution. One of the problems in the existing network is the fixed handover threshold value. In this work, a framework has been proposed to analyze the handover performance as the speed and summation of handoff signaling and Radio Link Failure (RLF) timer varies due to poor radio conditions case. A mathematical equation has been derived from the proposed framework. From the result, it has been found that the proposed framework was able to identify the value of dynamic threshold value (Sath), which is the adaptive received signal strength (RSS) for handover.

ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2017

GPS is a device that is capable of receiving information from GPS satellites and then to accurate... more GPS is a device that is capable of receiving information from GPS satellites and then to accurately calculate its geographical location. This paper presents child tracking system based on modelling of latitude and longitude coordinate and speed changing tracker. The system consists of a Bluetooth GPS receiver and an android smartphone. Communication between GPS and a smartphone is via Bluetooth protocol which requires the Bluetooth GPS to be paired with a smartphone. The smartphone will extract the coordinate and speed from GPS signal which send using National Marine Electronic Association (NMEA) format. This information is analysed to measure the distance and speed. The smartphone and the speed is more than 2.8km/h after receive an alarm the location of the child can be track using Google map or parent can be share the information via media social such Facebook or Whatsapp. The child tracking model based on latitude and longitude coordinate and speed parameter system has been successfully designed and implemented. It is able to protect the child safety by monitoring the location of the child.

ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2018

In telecommunications, femtocell technology has been introduced to improve indoor coverage and ca... more In telecommunications, femtocell technology has been introduced to improve indoor coverage and capacity. Femtocell is a small, low-power cellular base station deployed to offer better good services with low cost as it reduces the transmitted power. It is also designed to offload the traffic in macrocell to the femtocell network. However, the unplanned deployment of femtocells and their uncoordinated operations may result severe interference conditions among the femtocells and between macrocells and femtocells. In this paper, power control techniques has been proposed at the base stations to mitigate interference and increase the network capacity. Power control equation is applied at the base stations for both outdoor macrocell users and indoor femtocell users, and a framework is developed by using the MATLAB software to analyze the signal performance. From the results obtained, this proposed technique has increased number of successful handover and hence, can effectively eliminates ...

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

In this paper, an enhance DSSS technique was proposed which considers both serving and its neighb... more In this paper, an enhance DSSS technique was proposed which considers both serving and its neighbouring base stations in the network. N radius fraction coefficient (b) were applied in DSSS technique in order to improve the SINR value. First, SINR MUE and SINR WUE for the standard DSSS were simulated. Then, by using the obtained analysis, the enhance DSSS technique was proposed. As the results, the SINR at MUE using a-coefficient gives better SINR than standard around 4%~5% improvement. On the other hand, the SINR at WUE using SINR than standard around 9%~10% improvement. Other than that, by applying both a-coefficient and b-coefficient into the proposed DSSS based on modified interference power, the improvement for SINR MUE increases to 11% spikes to 74%~84%.

2019 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC), 2019

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest mobile network technology that design to further increase... more Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest mobile network technology that design to further increases of network capacity and coverage. An extensive research on femtocell network known as Home eNodeB has been investigated in LTE to improve the indoor network capacity and further extension of the coverage area in wireless communication networks. However, the handover process in femtocell has becomes a major challenge due to a frequent and unnecessary handover which can increase of handover failure probability rate. Therefore, the main obj ectives of this research is to derive a mathematical formulation of the dynamic boundary area size by incorporating value of user's speed and signaling delay in adaptive Reference Signal Received Power threshold (RSRPth) to ensure the determination of the right femtocell handoff initiation time. In order to observe the value of RSRPth, the users' speed and signaling delay were analyzed based on the probability of false handoff initiation (pa) and probability of handover failure (Pf). The simulation results show that the proposed values of adaptive RSRPth has better performance in initiating a handoff when the speed and signaling delay time varies. The preferred values avoid from sending too early or too late initiation of the femtocell handoff process and hence offload traffic from the heavily loaded macrocells.

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Typically, the information received by public is based on 24 The 24-hour PSI reading often cause ... more Typically, the information received by public is based on 24 The 24-hour PSI reading often cause som visually with the environment as seen with naked eye. Inaccurate reading may bring serious effect to people with respiratory problem. Furthermore, the reading from pollutant PM accurate as it measures particle matter as small a harmful particle matter is smaller than that. This project proposes a real haze monitoring device, based on pollutant PM controller to control the transmission process of measured data taken via wireless data network to the MySQL database. The reading, which is real compared to pollutant PM 10 , can provide haze awareness and guidance to people to plan their activities.

Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2018

Implementation of virtual library on PerpustakaanTun Abdul Razak 1 (PTAR 1), which used to be pac... more Implementation of virtual library on PerpustakaanTun Abdul Razak 1 (PTAR 1), which used to be packed with students most of the time library. Although the online database, Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC), eases the burden of users to inquire the availability and l have to go to the library and search through the endless cabinets to locate and retrieve the materials. This study proposes a system called Smart Book Locator System (SBLS), which incorporates Geographic Information System (GIS) to assist users in visualising and navigating them to the location of the

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2021

This paper presents the single event latch-up (SEL) detection for nano-satellite external solar r... more This paper presents the single event latch-up (SEL) detection for nano-satellite external solar radiation mitigation system. In this study, the SEL detection analysis was conducted using circuit test and simulation. An electrical power subsystem (EPS) is a part of all CubeSat bus subsystems and it comprises solar arrays, rechargeable batteries, and a power control and distribution unit (PCDU). In order to extract the maximum power generated by the solar arrays, a peak power tracking topology is required. This may lead to the SEL with the presence of high voltage produced by solar. To overcome the SEL problems, the circuit test and simulation must be done so that the flow of SEL will be easily detected and mitigate. The method that been used are by using microcontroller, the SEL will be created in the certain time. The programable integrated circuit (PIC) are used to mitigate SEL effect. It indicates that, the SEL occur very fast in certain time. When the simulation is conducted by u...

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019

Natural disaster is an unpredictable event which can cause service communication disruption. The ... more Natural disaster is an unpredictable event which can cause service communication disruption. The disruption of service communication can be divided into three cases which are power outage, broken backhaul and physical destruction by disaster. This paper focuses on power outage case. Although each base stations equipped with backup batteries, it only last for several hours. After natural disaster hit certain areas, traffic is highly congested due to panic and rescue operation of lifesaving. This scenario will drain the backup batteries quickly. In order to limit the UEs’ connection to the affected base station, this research proposed to adjust Received Signal Strength (RSS) based on parameter called as a distance fraction coefficient, α so that the affected coverage area is reduced when in disaster area situation. The parameter is added in the path loss equation and later in the RSS equation. The numerical results show the RSS improved whereby α=0.2 gives the optimal value and theref...

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019

DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial) is one of the latest technical ... more DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation Terrestrial) is one of the latest technical standards being developed by the DVB Project for DTT (Digital Terrestrial Television). It is also known as digital broadcasting trough terrestrial system since 2006 and is an extension of the DVB-T system as a second generation program to improve efficiency of the total system. It is important to perform a research on the performance of DVB-T2 because Malaysia has launched the free-to-air digital TV project since 2016 hence there is a need to know how well the signal is being received by viewers. This research focuses on a DVB-T2 transmission process which involve the transmission from Menara Kuala Lumpur transmitter to receivers located at 100 different locations. The performance of DVB-T2 can be determined by measuring the field strength, MER (Module Error Ratio) and BERaLDPC (Bit Error Rate after Low Density Parity Check decoder), and then a comparison between DVB-T and DVB-T2 systems can be made. Equipments involved in the measurement are indoor antenna, distribution amplifier, waveform monitor, field strength meter, DVB-T2 decoder and TV set as the receiver. Results are recorded in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using MATLAB software. The result of the measurement shows92% of the test points had higher reading than the baseline value which means better reception of digital TV signal is delivered to the location.Comparison between DVB-T and DVB-T2 performance shows that field strength of the DVB-T2 system is slightly higher by 1.5 %-3.8 % from DVB-T.

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018

An alibi is a priceless thing that someone can rely on when in needs. A good data management can ... more An alibi is a priceless thing that someone can rely on when in needs. A good data management can and will save someone life in respond to any unwanted situation.A simple, accurate and trustworthy data log for students in boarding school can and will help ease parent-teacher monitoring system. However, the conventional system require student to manually inform and record their log to their parents and teachers. The system is lacks of automation where a number of problem may arise. The problem includes the inaccurate logging time, misplace of outing card and an unorganized log record. Web-Based Boarding School Monitoring System (WEBMOS) Using MySQL Database and RFID Technology were invented to solve this problem. This technology offered a system that can record student log data in an accurate manner. The aim is to build a system that can provide the accurate data to parent and teacher via a single click through their personal device. This system uses RFID module technology to monitor ...

Jurnal Teknologi, 2016

The growing demand for mobile internet and wireless multimedia applications has motivated the dev... more The growing demand for mobile internet and wireless multimedia applications has motivated the development of broadband wireless-access technologies in recent years. There are several issues that could impact the base station handover as a serious problem in the mobile communication system. In hard handover, a short time break known as handover interruption decreases the quality-of-services (QoS) due to connection between mobile subscriber station (MS) and serving base station (BS) is closed and ranging hand initiation to establish new connection. Prolonged time of request and response due to number of neighbours to scan will cause delay in handover process. This research proposed performance analysis of WiMAX/IEEE 802.16 with mobility supported to scan the channels provided by the mobile station. The proposed strategy required the mobile station for operation with a scan that can be used to reduce the time when trying to establish a network connection or do between neighboring base ...

Landslides, 2015

Review of the literature on the reconstruction of the rainfall responsible for slope failures rev... more Review of the literature on the reconstruction of the rainfall responsible for slope failures reveals that criteria for the identification of rainfall events are lacking or somewhat subjective. To overcome this problem, we developed an algorithm for the objective and reproducible reconstruction of rainfall events and of rainfall conditions responsible for landslides. The algorithm consists of three distinct modules for (i) the reconstruction of distinct rainfall events, in terms of duration (D, in h) and cumulated event rainfall (E, in mm), (ii) the identification of multiple ED rainfall conditions responsible for the documented landslides, and (iii) the definition of critical rainfall thresholds for possible landslide occurrences. The algorithm uses pre-defined parameters to account for different seasonal and climatic settings. We applied the algorithm in Sicily, southern Italy, using rainfall measurements obtained from a network of 169 rain gauges, and information on 229 rainfall-induced landslides occurred between July 2002 and December 2012. The algorithm identified 29,270 rainfall events and reconstructed 472 ED rainfall conditions as possible triggers of the observed landslides. The algorithm exploited the multiple rainfall conditions to define objective and reproducible empirical rainfall thresholds for the possible initiation of landslide in Sicily. The calculated thresholds may be implemented in an operational early warning system for shallow landslide forecasting.

2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 2012

ABSTRACT Tweek atmospherics are ELF/VLF pulse signals with frequency dispersion characteristics g... more ABSTRACT Tweek atmospherics are ELF/VLF pulse signals with frequency dispersion characteristics generate from lightning discharges and spread in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide mode. This study uses the electromagnetic wave approach describe as ELF (extremely low frequency) and VLF (very low frequency) which propagates sub-ionospherically among the earth and the lowest ionosphere. This paper presents the nighttime D-region ionosphere characteristics of tweeks at Gakona station (62.71° N, 143.99°W) in the North America Region. By using the fundamental of cut-off frequency, we estimated the nighttime variations of the tweek reflection height of the D-region ionosphere, equivalent electron density and the distance travel by tweek along its propagation. Our observation indicated that the equivalent electron densities for tweeks varies from 23-27 el/cm3 in the altitude range of 77 to 91 km and demonstrated that these signals is capable to travel up to 5600 km over a wide area in mid-latitude region. Comparison in term of the ionospheric parameters at different latitude shows that the reflection height and electron density in this study is almost consistent for all latitude tweek measurements.

2013 International Conference on Computing, Management and Telecommunications (ComManTel), 2013

ABSTRACT This research presents the TEC value based on location of the receivers in Malaysia. Man... more ABSTRACT This research presents the TEC value based on location of the receivers in Malaysia. Many research group in several countries done their research in VRS concept, algorithm, performance, accuracy and method of transmitting the correction to the rover. This is because VRS has become most popular solution in network RTK which symbolizes the new stage of precise GPS positioning. The target is to calculate VRS total electron content and apply the dual frequency method in mapping functions, single layer model (SLM) and modified single layer model (M-SLM) for Total Electron Content (TEC). These 2 parameters will be used for research approach. The main focus is to study the concept of VRS techniques in Malaysia and the development of TEC calculation in ionospheric area using RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange) VRS data format which received from JUPEM (Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia) Kuala Lumpur. The results show that the content of TEC in Malaysia VRS station varies between −14.7006 TECU to maximum −33.9636 TECU.

Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017

This paper studies a two-tier macrocell/ femtocell covered heterogeneous network based on Orthogo... more This paper studies a two-tier macrocell/ femtocell covered heterogeneous network based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology. In order to survive the surge in demand for stable and high data rates among mobile users, femtocell has been developed to increase indoor capacity and coverage. However, arrangement of femtocells has a challenge which is interference between femtocells itself as well to the present macrocells due to the femtocells sharing the similar frequency band assigning as macrocells. This will deteriorate the SINR user’s performance. Therefore, the Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) of six jointly a Dynamic Power Control (DPC) is proposed for mitigating the interference experienced between macro and femto users. This paper studied the effect of path loss compensation factor, α on the value of Signal to Interference Noise ratio (SINR) and proposed the best value of α. The simulation results indicate the proposed method is advantageous and can...

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2020

Demand of data usage and increase of subscribers in Long Term Evolution (LTE) has urged Third Gro... more Demand of data usage and increase of subscribers in Long Term Evolution (LTE) has urged Third Group Partnership Project (3GPP) to find a solution of traffic data growth. In Release 12, the 3GPP introduced Wi-Fi as an alternative to ease the heavy traffic at the LTE base station in dense areas. In contrary with the traffic offloading, Wi-Fi users suffer the worst network degradation because of co-channel interference at frequency 2.4GHz due to collided with LTE band 40. Interference management in LTE-Wi-Fi integrated network is crucial as it affect user’s experiences and services. In this paper, we enhanced a method which is Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) to improve user’s performance in LTE-Wi-Fi network. The DSSS has advantages such as more robust and ability to expand to higher data rates. We introduce a new coefficient called as chip rate coefficient (α) to investigate Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR) expression for User Equipments (UEs) in LTE-Wi-Fi networks. Th...