Ian Hamerton - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ian Hamerton

Materials Science and Technology, Dec 31, 2018

Computational Materials Science, Oct 1, 2023

The present work has been conveniently divided into two separate sections, and it is necessary to... more The present work has been conveniently divided into two separate sections, and it is necessary to explain the need for this unusual course of action. As outlined in the Acknowledgement section, this research work was funded by two separate bodies, the U.S. Navy and the Ministry of Defence. The first year's work was initally intended to be solely a single year's research post and the U.S. Navy funding provided was only ever intended to be sufficient for that time. However, after several months into the research programme, the opportunity to pursue a Ph.D. was facilitated by the attainment of a generous S.E.R.C./M.o.D. grant. The materials synthesized and characterized in the two volumes are closely related and find use in similar fields of application. In particular the allyl-functionalized derivative of Bisphenol-A, 2,2'-bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropylidene figures particularly strongly in both areas of the research as both a parent compound for a number of Surface acoustic wave (SAW) vapour sensor coatings, and also as the parent compound for several potential matrix resins in the second section of the research. The two funding bodies are quite discrete from one another and during the course of the preparation of this thesis large portions of manuscript were edited by supervisors/consultants from both establishments. In the interests of discretion it was decided at a very early stage to divide the thesis into two, thus enabling each volume to be safely submitted for discussion without fear of causing any offence to either funding body.

Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Jan 23, 2018

Radiation‐resistant composite materials based on nano‐sized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes... more Radiation‐resistant composite materials based on nano‐sized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes building blocks. We successfully synthesized via aspartimide linkages resulting from Michael addition of octa(maleimidophenyl)silsesquioxane (OMIPS) and aryldiamines OMIPS. These materials can serve as a nano building block for construction of materials with nanometer control of the periodicity of the organic and inorganic components. The monomer concentration and reaction time of polymerization are optimized, which were 0.047 mol L−1 and 96 hours, respectively. The resulting polyaspartimides (PPAIs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, dielectric analysis, thermal properties, and morphological studies. The PPAI polymers are amorphous and soluble in highly polar organic solvents and show glass transition temperatures of 297°C to 323°C. They offer good thermal stability of 437°C to 507°C under nitrogen atmosphere, high char yields of 58% to 65% at 800°C, and have a dielectric constant of 3.7 to 4.1. Transition electron microscope analysis reveals the OMIPS dispersed well in molecular level in the continuous matrix while some aggregates also seen in the matrix. The UV radiation resistance of the resulting PPAI polymers was investigated.

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Polymer International, Oct 1, 1996

Siloxane polymers possess a unique set of properties that makes them highly suitable for optical ... more Siloxane polymers possess a unique set of properties that makes them highly suitable for optical applications. Our data present some of these properties, namely refractivity, dielectric properties, transmittance characteristics, and flexibility, for a variety of poly(dimethylsiloxane)s obtained by equilibrium ring-opening cationic polymerization and anionic ring-opening copolymerization. The study illustrates the importance of such structural and compositional characteristics in tailoring some specific optical applications.

Composites Part B-engineering, Dec 1, 2019

Analytical Chemistry, Aug 16, 2022

Elsevier eBooks, 2018

Abstract The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the range of thermosetting polymer... more Abstract The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the range of thermosetting polymers (thermosets) that are currently used within the modern aerospace industry. Civil airliners, military aircraft (including unmanned drones), smaller executive, and light aircraft all employ thermosets of one kind or another and, being subject to different performance demands or budgets, consequently have different material selection criteria; each will be addressed here. The chapter examines the key requirements of materials used from the perspective of the resin, the reinforcement, and ultimately the composite. Finally, the authors give guidance on material selection and their view of the future development in this most dynamic area of polymer engineering.

Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, 1988

The World Commission on Environment and Development was created as a consequence of a United Nati... more The World Commission on Environment and Development was created as a consequence of a United Nations' General Assembly resolution in 1983. The Secretary-General appointed the Chairman Gro Harlem Brundtland (Norway) and Vice-Chairman Mansour Khalid (Sudan), who were directed to appoint the other members of the Commission. The Commission's Secretary-General was a member of ex officio. Twelve of the twenty members came from developing countries. Four members were from Africa, five from Asia, four from Latin America, and eight from Europe and North America.

Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2019

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2013

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2013

Polymer, Jul 1, 2021

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations are valuable tools in enabling us to link molecular-level... more Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations are valuable tools in enabling us to link molecular-level structure to macroscopic properties of new polymer-based materials. However, molecular simulation of cyanate ester polymers presents specific challenges, as a few credible procedures that captures ring formation is available. Despite the presence of previous attempts to this end, an automated process, that is easy to reproduce and adaptable for modelling cyanate esters, is still lacking. Herein, a robust and reproducible triazine ring formation procedure to reliably model, test, and tune polymer structures for use in molecular simulations is reported. In addition to being entirely reproducible, this procedure provides sufficient details to be applied to model polymers generated via ring formation between cyanate groups. Amongst our developments, key features include a reliable process for generating and equilibrating liquid samples to be polymerised, a robust ring formation algorithm, and establishment of a clear protocol to predict macroscopic properties such as glass transition temperature and Young's modulus of the polymerised samples. Predicted macroscopic properties agreed well with experimentally available data. Our procedure provides a perfect platform for the process of modelling cyanate esters and can be easily adapted to generate porous polymers such as covalent organic frameworks.

Composites Part B-engineering, Dec 1, 2020

NAEC series, Feb 27, 2020

Materials Science and Technology, Dec 31, 2018

Computational Materials Science, Oct 1, 2023

The present work has been conveniently divided into two separate sections, and it is necessary to... more The present work has been conveniently divided into two separate sections, and it is necessary to explain the need for this unusual course of action. As outlined in the Acknowledgement section, this research work was funded by two separate bodies, the U.S. Navy and the Ministry of Defence. The first year's work was initally intended to be solely a single year's research post and the U.S. Navy funding provided was only ever intended to be sufficient for that time. However, after several months into the research programme, the opportunity to pursue a Ph.D. was facilitated by the attainment of a generous S.E.R.C./M.o.D. grant. The materials synthesized and characterized in the two volumes are closely related and find use in similar fields of application. In particular the allyl-functionalized derivative of Bisphenol-A, 2,2'-bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)isopropylidene figures particularly strongly in both areas of the research as both a parent compound for a number of Surface acoustic wave (SAW) vapour sensor coatings, and also as the parent compound for several potential matrix resins in the second section of the research. The two funding bodies are quite discrete from one another and during the course of the preparation of this thesis large portions of manuscript were edited by supervisors/consultants from both establishments. In the interests of discretion it was decided at a very early stage to divide the thesis into two, thus enabling each volume to be safely submitted for discussion without fear of causing any offence to either funding body.

Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Jan 23, 2018

Radiation‐resistant composite materials based on nano‐sized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes... more Radiation‐resistant composite materials based on nano‐sized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes building blocks. We successfully synthesized via aspartimide linkages resulting from Michael addition of octa(maleimidophenyl)silsesquioxane (OMIPS) and aryldiamines OMIPS. These materials can serve as a nano building block for construction of materials with nanometer control of the periodicity of the organic and inorganic components. The monomer concentration and reaction time of polymerization are optimized, which were 0.047 mol L−1 and 96 hours, respectively. The resulting polyaspartimides (PPAIs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, dielectric analysis, thermal properties, and morphological studies. The PPAI polymers are amorphous and soluble in highly polar organic solvents and show glass transition temperatures of 297°C to 323°C. They offer good thermal stability of 437°C to 507°C under nitrogen atmosphere, high char yields of 58% to 65% at 800°C, and have a dielectric constant of 3.7 to 4.1. Transition electron microscope analysis reveals the OMIPS dispersed well in molecular level in the continuous matrix while some aggregates also seen in the matrix. The UV radiation resistance of the resulting PPAI polymers was investigated.

Social Science Research Network, 2022

Polymer International, Oct 1, 1996

Siloxane polymers possess a unique set of properties that makes them highly suitable for optical ... more Siloxane polymers possess a unique set of properties that makes them highly suitable for optical applications. Our data present some of these properties, namely refractivity, dielectric properties, transmittance characteristics, and flexibility, for a variety of poly(dimethylsiloxane)s obtained by equilibrium ring-opening cationic polymerization and anionic ring-opening copolymerization. The study illustrates the importance of such structural and compositional characteristics in tailoring some specific optical applications.

Composites Part B-engineering, Dec 1, 2019

Analytical Chemistry, Aug 16, 2022

Elsevier eBooks, 2018

Abstract The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the range of thermosetting polymer... more Abstract The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the range of thermosetting polymers (thermosets) that are currently used within the modern aerospace industry. Civil airliners, military aircraft (including unmanned drones), smaller executive, and light aircraft all employ thermosets of one kind or another and, being subject to different performance demands or budgets, consequently have different material selection criteria; each will be addressed here. The chapter examines the key requirements of materials used from the perspective of the resin, the reinforcement, and ultimately the composite. Finally, the authors give guidance on material selection and their view of the future development in this most dynamic area of polymer engineering.

Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography, 1988

The World Commission on Environment and Development was created as a consequence of a United Nati... more The World Commission on Environment and Development was created as a consequence of a United Nations' General Assembly resolution in 1983. The Secretary-General appointed the Chairman Gro Harlem Brundtland (Norway) and Vice-Chairman Mansour Khalid (Sudan), who were directed to appoint the other members of the Commission. The Commission's Secretary-General was a member of ex officio. Twelve of the twenty members came from developing countries. Four members were from Africa, five from Asia, four from Latin America, and eight from Europe and North America.

Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2019

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2013

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2013

Polymer, Jul 1, 2021

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations are valuable tools in enabling us to link molecular-level... more Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations are valuable tools in enabling us to link molecular-level structure to macroscopic properties of new polymer-based materials. However, molecular simulation of cyanate ester polymers presents specific challenges, as a few credible procedures that captures ring formation is available. Despite the presence of previous attempts to this end, an automated process, that is easy to reproduce and adaptable for modelling cyanate esters, is still lacking. Herein, a robust and reproducible triazine ring formation procedure to reliably model, test, and tune polymer structures for use in molecular simulations is reported. In addition to being entirely reproducible, this procedure provides sufficient details to be applied to model polymers generated via ring formation between cyanate groups. Amongst our developments, key features include a reliable process for generating and equilibrating liquid samples to be polymerised, a robust ring formation algorithm, and establishment of a clear protocol to predict macroscopic properties such as glass transition temperature and Young's modulus of the polymerised samples. Predicted macroscopic properties agreed well with experimentally available data. Our procedure provides a perfect platform for the process of modelling cyanate esters and can be easily adapted to generate porous polymers such as covalent organic frameworks.

Composites Part B-engineering, Dec 1, 2020

NAEC series, Feb 27, 2020

A series of thermally stable dicyanate monomers was prepared containing different thermally stabl... more A series of thermally stable dicyanate monomers was prepared containing different thermally stable structural units, namely 2,2 ′-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane, bis-4-cyanato-biphenyl, bis-4-cyanato naphthalene, 3,3 ′-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)sulfide and 3,3 ′-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)sulfone, was prepared and the identity of the products was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectral methods. The corresponding cyanate homopolymers were prepared and their properties were evaluated and compared. The composites were analysed for their thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics. The series of homopolymers exhibit excellent thermal characteristics, e.g. relatively high glass transition temperatures of at least 215 ∘ C, which were inversely proportional to the molecular weight between the crosslinks, high thermal decomposition temperature and high activation energies for the decomposition of cured resins. Determination of their limiting oxygen indices indicates that all the homopolymers are characterized as 'self-extinguishing' materials.