Ian Redmond - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ian Redmond

Primate Eye, No.125, 2018

Sadly, the need for primate rescue centres is growing. Destruction and degradation of primate hab... more Sadly, the need for primate rescue centres is growing. Destruction and
degradation of primate habitat continues worldwide and even where
the habitat persists, hunters enter it to supply the demand for primate
meat, body parts (for their perceived medicinal properties) and live
infants for biomedical research, the pet trade and the entertainment industry. For the foreseeable future, sanctuaries will be a necessary part of our conservation effort if we are to ensure that non-human primates are
not driven to extinction.

Primate Eye, No.126, 2018

As the importance of primates in forest ecology becomes increasingly clear, and the importance of... more As the importance of primates in forest ecology becomes increasingly clear, and the importance of tropical forests in driving global weather patterns and maintaining a stable climate is recognised, it follows that understanding primate ecology takes on new importance. And protecting primates becomes a high priority not just for species conservation or animal welfare concerns, but as a part of efforts to prevent dangerous climate change.

African Primates Vol 17 (2) , 2023

The UN Great Apes Survival Partnership (GRASP), dedicated to conserving and ensuring the long-ter... more The UN Great Apes Survival Partnership (GRASP), dedicated to conserving and ensuring the long-term viability of great apes in their natural habitat in Africa and Asia, hosted its third Council meeting at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France, 11-14 December 2023.
The GRASP meeting was bracketed by and
held in conjunction with, the 4th Meeting of the
Parties to the Gorilla Agreement, a legally binding
treaty under the UN’s Convention on Migratory
Species.

Born Free Foundation, Wild Life, Summer issue, 2023

In the global battle against climate change, the natural world is our best ally. To combat globa... more In the global battle against climate change, the natural world is our best ally. To combat global warming, we need to keep wildlife in the wild - especially keystone species such as primates and elephants, #GardenersoftheForest, whose activities enhance their habitat's ability to provide ecosystem services to us all. Payment for those ecosystem services could bridge the biodiversity funding gap and help neighbouring communities reach the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.

Five to Eleven, 2004

It is essential children learn what being a good citizen of the world means and how they can achi... more It is essential children learn what being a good citizen of the world means and how they can achieve it. The last in our series of wildlife specials is by Ian Redmond, chairman of the Ape Alliance and head of the UNEP/UNESCO great ape survival project technical team. He is based in Bristol.

Great apes have become a commodity. In the past decade, a series of alarming reports from interna... more Great apes have become a commodity. In the past decade, a series of alarming reports from international experts, United Nations (UN) agencies, conservation organizations and media outlets have revealed numerous cases of organized illegal trafficking and trade of gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos and orangutans. Environmental crime now ranks among the most significant illegal activities in the world, and the live trafficking of great apes is part of this global multi-billion dollar trade. Given the wide range of illegal activity, relatively little is known about the scale and scope of the trade in great apes. This Rapid Response Assessment (RRA) was initiated to provide the first overview of the extent of the illicit global trade in great apes, and to offer concrete recommendations for the mitigation of its potentially devastating impact on the remaining wild populations.

We write to you today concerning your upcoming decision of whether or not to issue new licences f... more We write to you today concerning your upcoming decision of whether or not to issue new licences for the killing of badgers in 2020. We note that your government responded to the Godfray review in March 2020 by stating that it would ‘phase out’ intensive culling of badgers and instead move to badger vaccination. However, in spite of these promises, on 15th May 2020 the government published supplementary badger control licences for all seven cull zones which had completed four years of culling under their original licences in 2019 (areas 4–10 inclusive). Indications suggest that your government intends to initiate a huge expansion of killing by issuing as many as 11 new licences this Autumn. For 2020 this would bring the total number of cull zones to 54, covering an area of approximately 28,000 km2, with in excess of 65,000 badgers being targeted. There are a number of factors which call the current strategy into question: 1. Badger killing is ineffective. Downs and others1 used mathe...

Gorillas, the largest of the great apes, are under renewed threat across the Congo Basin from Nig... more Gorillas, the largest of the great apes, are under renewed threat across the Congo Basin from Nigeria to the Albertine Rift: poaching for bushmeat, loss of habitat due to agricultural expansion, degradation of habitat from logging, mining and charcoal production - much of it illegal - are amongst these threats, in addition to natural epidemics such as Ebola and the new risk of diseases passed from humans to gorillas.

The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, company or area or its authority, or concern-ing the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Quarterly Review of Biology - QUART REV BIOL, 2009

霊長類とは類人猿と人類原始的な霊長類夜行性の霊長類マーモセットとタマリン新世界ザルの仲間木の上の生活頭のよいオマキザル旧世界ザルの仲間平原の生活適応能力の高いマカクの仲間小... more 霊長類とは類人猿と人類原始的な霊長類夜行性の霊長類マーモセットとタマリン新世界ザルの仲間木の上の生活頭のよいオマキザル旧世界ザルの仲間平原の生活適応能力の高いマカクの仲間小型の類人猿意思を伝え合う身を守る大型の類人猿アジアの大型類人猿大食漢類人猿の王者ゴリラの家族の生活マウンテンゴリラ愛情豊かな親チンパンジー社交的な類人猿器用に道具を使う情愛の深い類人猿伝説のサルたち人間と霊長類霊長類の危機

Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1996

Abstract Herbivores such as the African elephant receive most of their nutrient uptake through di... more Abstract Herbivores such as the African elephant receive most of their nutrient uptake through digested vegetation or water. When these nutrient sources do not fulfil dietary requirements, eating and digestion of soil and rock can be a common phenomenon. In the Mount Elgon National Park on the Kenya-Uganda border, elephants have taken this activity one step further. Deposits of calcium-sodium-rich alkaline rocks show evidence of quarrying by elephants on the surface, but most of the activity takes place underground in caves. The Na-Ca-Mg-rich rocks are leached by groundwater which reacts with animal excreta in the humid environment of the cave floor to form a series of secondary carbonate, sulphate, halide, nitrate and phosphate minerals by evaporation. Additionally some salts are precipitated on the cave walls by direct evaporation of the cave waters. Inside the caves, elephants tusk and ingest the salt-enriched rock fragments. In an area like Mount Elgon, where supergene processes leach chemical elements essential for dietary requirements from the surface ecosystem, the secondary salts in the caves are potentially an important mineral supplement for wildlife nutrition. Although elephants are the principal exploiters, other wildlife species and humans (for livestock) also utilize the cave salts and surface diggings.

Covering nearly 300 species, this comprehensive, beautifully illustrated guide takes a close look... more Covering nearly 300 species, this comprehensive, beautifully illustrated guide takes a close look at every branch of the primate family around the world, from tiny nocturnal mouse lemurs in Madagascar, to graceful langurs in India and majestic gorillas in Africa. It examines the evolutionary links between them and the way in which they live and interact, assesses their prospects for survival and provides intriguing details of their daily lives. Detailed charts, distribution maps and superb colour photographs feature throughout the book. Also covered are the crises in primate populations and ongoing efforts to combat threats posed by climate change, loss of habitat and human intervention.

Primate Eye, No.125, 2018

Primate Eye, No.126, 2018

African Primates Vol 17 (2) , 2023

Born Free Foundation, Wild Life, Summer issue, 2023

Five to Eleven, 2004

Quarterly Review of Biology - QUART REV BIOL, 2009

Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1996

Elephants the Deciding Decade, Firefly Books., 1991

This chapter tells the story of the first study of the remarkable underground elephants of Mount ... more This chapter tells the story of the first study of the remarkable underground elephants of Mount Elgon, on the Kenya side. It explains how they venture deep into the dark zone of enormous caverns, feeling their way with trunk outstretched, to mine the cave walls and eat the rock, which is rich in minerals. These caves are in fact subterranean salt-licks in which the major force of erosion is the tusking of the volcanic agglomerate by elephants, in other words, elephant salt-mines. The behaviour is passed down through the generations and enables elephants to survive in this sodium-depleted habitat. Sadly, they have suffered attacks by ivory poachers and the future of this unique elephant culture hangs in the balance.

Primate Society of Great Britain, Winter Meeting, 2024

The UN’s Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) provides a legal framework for countries along the... more The UN’s Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) provides a legal framework for countries along the routes taken by migratory species to collaborate in their conservation. The 133 countries that are parties agree to coordinate actions to protect species listed on the Appendices of the convention. To be listed on CMS Appendix I, species must be classed as threatened or endangered and “a significant proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries”.
With the exception of some nomadic human communities, primates are not normally considered to be migratory; and yet some species do meet the legal definition under the terms of the convention. The first to be listed was the Mountain Gorilla in 1979 because of some groups’ movements in search of seasonal food (especially bamboo) across the borders of Rwanda, Uganda and DRCongo. Western gorillas were listed in 2005 and
chimpanzees in 2017. Appendix II of the CMS is for species that would benefit from a treaty or MoU to improve their survival chances. Gorillas and chimpanzees are on both Appendices. Gorillas benefit from the CMS Gorilla Agreement, negotiated by all ten gorilla range states, which came
into force in 2008 and so far eight of the countries have ratified it.
The CMS has pioneered the importance of conservation of animal culture and in 2020, agreed to a Concerted Action on the conservation of nut-cracking culture in West African chimpanzees, on the grounds that this could confer a survival advantage in the face of climate change. A proposal has been tabled to expand this Concerted Action to encompass cultural diversity of chimpanzees across the 21 range states. This will be
discussed at CMS CoP14 in February 2024.
Primatologists studying other primate species whose range spans international boundaries might usefully consider whether their study animals meet the legal definition of migratory, and whether a proposal to list them on the CMS Appendices might enhance their survival chances.