Ian Walshe - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ian Walshe

Research paper thumbnail of Dynamic changes in dna methylation status in peripheral blood Mononuclear cells following an acute bout of exercise: Potential impact of exercise-induced elevations in interleukin-6 concentration

Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6 concentra... more The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations and DNA methylation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of trained runners after a bout of prolonged, strenuous exercise. Eight healthy trained males completed a treadmill run at 60% vVO2max for 120 min followed by a 5-km time trial in a fasted condition. Whole blood samples were taken prior to, immediately before and 24 h following exercise. From these samples, PBMCs were isolated for analysis and plasma IL-6 concentrations were measured. The methylation status of DNA extracted from PBMCs was analysed using the Illumina 27k methylation beadchip platform. Global DNA methylation status was unaltered immediately and up to 24 hours following a bout of prolonged exercise in comparison to pre-exercise. Despite no change in global DNA methylation, plasma IL-6 concentrations were significantly related to the DNA methylation status of 11 genes. Our study demonstrates that the...

Research paper thumbnail of Figure 1

Research paper thumbnail of Bell et al accepted version APNM 2014

The impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate [MC] on physiological indices and functional 32... more The impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate [MC] on physiological indices and functional 32 performance was examined following a bout of high intensity stochastic cycling. Trained cyclists (n = 33 16) were equally divided into 2 groups (MC or isoenergetic placebo [PLA]) and consumed 30 mL of 34 supplement, twice per day for eight consecutive days. On the fifth day of supplementation, 35 participants completed a 109 minute cycling trial designed to replicate road race demands. 36 Functional performance (maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], cycling efficiency, 6-37 second peak cycling power) and delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS] were assessed at baseline, 38 24, 48 and 72 h post-trial. Blood samples collected at baseline, immediately pre and post-trial, and 39 1, 3, 5, 24, 48 and 72 h post-trial were analysed for indices of inflammation (IL-1-β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, 40 hsCRP), oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides) and muscle damage (creatine kinase). MVIC (P < 0.05) 41 did not decline in the MC group (vs. PLA) across the 72 h post trial period and economy (P < 0.05) 42 was improved in the MC group at 24 h. IL-6 (P < 0.001) and hsCRP (P < 0.05) responses to the trial 43 were attenuated with MC (vs. PLA). No other blood markers were significantly different between 44 MC and PLA groups. The results of the study suggest that Montmorency cherry concentrate can be 45 an efficacious functional food for accelerating recovery and reducing exercise-induced inflammation 46 following strenuous cycling exercise. 47

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of exercise on plasma soluble IL-6 receptor concentration: a dichotomous response

Exercise immunology review, 2010

The aim of this article is to review current literature on the response of soluble interleukin-6 ... more The aim of this article is to review current literature on the response of soluble interleukin-6 receptor to exercise and identify a potential role for sIL-6R in skeletal muscle function. We also provide novel data on the impact of eccentric exercise on circulating levels. The aim of the research study was to investigate changes in plasma concentration of soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) during recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) up to 72 h and their relationship with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and muscle function. 18 participants attended the laboratory on 4 consecutive days. On the first day, participants completed 6 sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral eccentric-concentric knee flexions at a test speed of 1.05 rad.s(-1) using a Cybex Isokentic dynamometer to induce muscle damage of the hamstrings. Prior to the eccentric exercise bout and each subsequent morning, following an overnight fast, participants had a ...

Research paper thumbnail of Figure 3

Research paper thumbnail of Recovery facilitation with Montmorency cherries following high-intensity, metabolically challenging exercise

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2014

The impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate [MC] on physiological indices and functional 32... more The impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate [MC] on physiological indices and functional 32 performance was examined following a bout of high intensity stochastic cycling. Trained cyclists (n = 33 16) were equally divided into 2 groups (MC or isoenergetic placebo [PLA]) and consumed 30 mL of 34 supplement, twice per day for eight consecutive days. On the fifth day of supplementation, 35 participants completed a 109 minute cycling trial designed to replicate road race demands. 36 Functional performance (maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], cycling efficiency, 6-37 second peak cycling power) and delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS] were assessed at baseline, 38 24, 48 and 72 h post-trial. Blood samples collected at baseline, immediately pre and post-trial, and 39 1, 3, 5, 24, 48 and 72 h post-trial were analysed for indices of inflammation (IL-1-β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, 40 hsCRP), oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides) and muscle damage (creatine kinase). MVIC (P < 0.05) 41 did not decline in the MC group (vs. PLA) across the 72 h post trial period and economy (P < 0.05) 42 was improved in the MC group at 24 h. IL-6 (P < 0.001) and hsCRP (P < 0.05) responses to the trial 43 were attenuated with MC (vs. PLA). No other blood markers were significantly different between 44 MC and PLA groups. The results of the study suggest that Montmorency cherry concentrate can be 45 an efficacious functional food for accelerating recovery and reducing exercise-induced inflammation 46 following strenuous cycling exercise. 47

Research paper thumbnail of Variability Of Plasma Interleukin-6, Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor And Soluble Glycoprotein 130 Response To A Run Pre-load Time Trial Protocol

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Allergy and Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Runners of the London Marathon

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2012

The prevalence of self-reported upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms in athletes has been tradi... more The prevalence of self-reported upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms in athletes has been traditionally associated with opportunistic infection during the temporal suppression of immune function after prolonged exercise. There is little evidence for this, and a competing noninfectious hypothesis has been proposed, whereby the exercise-induced immune system modulations favor the development of atopy and allergic disease, which manifests as URT symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the association between allergy and URT symptoms in runners after an endurance running event. Two hundred eight runners from the 2010 London Marathon completed the validated Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA) and had serum analyzed for total and specific immunoglobulin E response to common inhalant allergens. Participants who completed the marathon and nonrunning controls who lived in the same household were asked to complete a diary on URT symptoms. Forty percent of runners had allergy as defined by both a positive AQUA and elevated specific immunoglobulin E. Forty-seven percent of runners experienced URT symptoms after the marathon. A positive AQUA was a significant predictor of postmarathon URT symptoms in runners. Only 19% of nonrunning controls reported symptoms. The prevalence of allergy in recreational marathon runners was similar to that in elite athletes and higher than that in the general population. There was a strong association between a positive AQUA and URT symptoms. The low proportion of households in which both runners and nonrunners were symptomatic suggests that the nature of symptoms may be allergic or inflammatory based rather than infectious. Allergy is a treatable condition, and its potential effect on performance and health may be avoided by accurate clinical diagnosis and management. Both athletes&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; and coaches&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; awareness of the potential implications of poorly managed allergy needs to be raised.

Research paper thumbnail of Montmorency Cherries Reduce the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses to Repeated Days High-Intensity Stochastic Cycling

Nutrients, 2014

This investigation examined the impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate (MC) on physiologic... more This investigation examined the impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate (MC) on physiological indices of oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage across 3 days simulated road cycle racing. Trained cyclists (n = 16) were divided into equal groups and consumed 30 mL of MC or placebo (PLA), twice per day for seven consecutive days. A simulated, high-intensity, stochastic road cycling trial, lasting 109 min, was completed on days 5, 6 and 7. Oxidative stress and inflammation were measured from blood samples collected at baseline and immediately pre-and post-trial on days 5, 6 and 7. Analyses for lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-β), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and creatine kinase (CK) were conducted. LOOH (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.05) and hsCRP (p < 0.05) responses to trials were lower in the MC group versus PLA. No group or interaction effects were found for the other markers. The attenuated oxidative and inflammatory responses suggest MC may be efficacious in combating post-exercise oxidative and inflammatory cascades that can contribute to cellular disruption. Additionally,

Research paper thumbnail of Dynamic changes in dna methylation status in peripheral blood Mononuclear cells following an acute bout of exercise: Potential impact of exercise-induced elevations in interleukin-6 concentration

Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6 concentra... more The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations and DNA methylation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of trained runners after a bout of prolonged, strenuous exercise. Eight healthy trained males completed a treadmill run at 60% vVO2max for 120 min followed by a 5-km time trial in a fasted condition. Whole blood samples were taken prior to, immediately before and 24 h following exercise. From these samples, PBMCs were isolated for analysis and plasma IL-6 concentrations were measured. The methylation status of DNA extracted from PBMCs was analysed using the Illumina 27k methylation beadchip platform. Global DNA methylation status was unaltered immediately and up to 24 hours following a bout of prolonged exercise in comparison to pre-exercise. Despite no change in global DNA methylation, plasma IL-6 concentrations were significantly related to the DNA methylation status of 11 genes. Our study demonstrates that the...

Research paper thumbnail of Figure 1

Research paper thumbnail of Bell et al accepted version APNM 2014

The impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate [MC] on physiological indices and functional 32... more The impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate [MC] on physiological indices and functional 32 performance was examined following a bout of high intensity stochastic cycling. Trained cyclists (n = 33 16) were equally divided into 2 groups (MC or isoenergetic placebo [PLA]) and consumed 30 mL of 34 supplement, twice per day for eight consecutive days. On the fifth day of supplementation, 35 participants completed a 109 minute cycling trial designed to replicate road race demands. 36 Functional performance (maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], cycling efficiency, 6-37 second peak cycling power) and delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS] were assessed at baseline, 38 24, 48 and 72 h post-trial. Blood samples collected at baseline, immediately pre and post-trial, and 39 1, 3, 5, 24, 48 and 72 h post-trial were analysed for indices of inflammation (IL-1-β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, 40 hsCRP), oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides) and muscle damage (creatine kinase). MVIC (P < 0.05) 41 did not decline in the MC group (vs. PLA) across the 72 h post trial period and economy (P < 0.05) 42 was improved in the MC group at 24 h. IL-6 (P < 0.001) and hsCRP (P < 0.05) responses to the trial 43 were attenuated with MC (vs. PLA). No other blood markers were significantly different between 44 MC and PLA groups. The results of the study suggest that Montmorency cherry concentrate can be 45 an efficacious functional food for accelerating recovery and reducing exercise-induced inflammation 46 following strenuous cycling exercise. 47

Research paper thumbnail of The effect of exercise on plasma soluble IL-6 receptor concentration: a dichotomous response

Exercise immunology review, 2010

The aim of this article is to review current literature on the response of soluble interleukin-6 ... more The aim of this article is to review current literature on the response of soluble interleukin-6 receptor to exercise and identify a potential role for sIL-6R in skeletal muscle function. We also provide novel data on the impact of eccentric exercise on circulating levels. The aim of the research study was to investigate changes in plasma concentration of soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130) during recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) up to 72 h and their relationship with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and muscle function. 18 participants attended the laboratory on 4 consecutive days. On the first day, participants completed 6 sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral eccentric-concentric knee flexions at a test speed of 1.05 rad.s(-1) using a Cybex Isokentic dynamometer to induce muscle damage of the hamstrings. Prior to the eccentric exercise bout and each subsequent morning, following an overnight fast, participants had a ...

Research paper thumbnail of Figure 3

Research paper thumbnail of Recovery facilitation with Montmorency cherries following high-intensity, metabolically challenging exercise

Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2014

The impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate [MC] on physiological indices and functional 32... more The impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate [MC] on physiological indices and functional 32 performance was examined following a bout of high intensity stochastic cycling. Trained cyclists (n = 33 16) were equally divided into 2 groups (MC or isoenergetic placebo [PLA]) and consumed 30 mL of 34 supplement, twice per day for eight consecutive days. On the fifth day of supplementation, 35 participants completed a 109 minute cycling trial designed to replicate road race demands. 36 Functional performance (maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC], cycling efficiency, 6-37 second peak cycling power) and delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS] were assessed at baseline, 38 24, 48 and 72 h post-trial. Blood samples collected at baseline, immediately pre and post-trial, and 39 1, 3, 5, 24, 48 and 72 h post-trial were analysed for indices of inflammation (IL-1-β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, 40 hsCRP), oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides) and muscle damage (creatine kinase). MVIC (P < 0.05) 41 did not decline in the MC group (vs. PLA) across the 72 h post trial period and economy (P < 0.05) 42 was improved in the MC group at 24 h. IL-6 (P < 0.001) and hsCRP (P < 0.05) responses to the trial 43 were attenuated with MC (vs. PLA). No other blood markers were significantly different between 44 MC and PLA groups. The results of the study suggest that Montmorency cherry concentrate can be 45 an efficacious functional food for accelerating recovery and reducing exercise-induced inflammation 46 following strenuous cycling exercise. 47

Research paper thumbnail of Variability Of Plasma Interleukin-6, Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor And Soluble Glycoprotein 130 Response To A Run Pre-load Time Trial Protocol

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Allergy and Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Runners of the London Marathon

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2012

The prevalence of self-reported upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms in athletes has been tradi... more The prevalence of self-reported upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms in athletes has been traditionally associated with opportunistic infection during the temporal suppression of immune function after prolonged exercise. There is little evidence for this, and a competing noninfectious hypothesis has been proposed, whereby the exercise-induced immune system modulations favor the development of atopy and allergic disease, which manifests as URT symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine the association between allergy and URT symptoms in runners after an endurance running event. Two hundred eight runners from the 2010 London Marathon completed the validated Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes (AQUA) and had serum analyzed for total and specific immunoglobulin E response to common inhalant allergens. Participants who completed the marathon and nonrunning controls who lived in the same household were asked to complete a diary on URT symptoms. Forty percent of runners had allergy as defined by both a positive AQUA and elevated specific immunoglobulin E. Forty-seven percent of runners experienced URT symptoms after the marathon. A positive AQUA was a significant predictor of postmarathon URT symptoms in runners. Only 19% of nonrunning controls reported symptoms. The prevalence of allergy in recreational marathon runners was similar to that in elite athletes and higher than that in the general population. There was a strong association between a positive AQUA and URT symptoms. The low proportion of households in which both runners and nonrunners were symptomatic suggests that the nature of symptoms may be allergic or inflammatory based rather than infectious. Allergy is a treatable condition, and its potential effect on performance and health may be avoided by accurate clinical diagnosis and management. Both athletes&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; and coaches&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; awareness of the potential implications of poorly managed allergy needs to be raised.

Research paper thumbnail of Montmorency Cherries Reduce the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses to Repeated Days High-Intensity Stochastic Cycling

Nutrients, 2014

This investigation examined the impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate (MC) on physiologic... more This investigation examined the impact of Montmorency tart cherry concentrate (MC) on physiological indices of oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage across 3 days simulated road cycle racing. Trained cyclists (n = 16) were divided into equal groups and consumed 30 mL of MC or placebo (PLA), twice per day for seven consecutive days. A simulated, high-intensity, stochastic road cycling trial, lasting 109 min, was completed on days 5, 6 and 7. Oxidative stress and inflammation were measured from blood samples collected at baseline and immediately pre-and post-trial on days 5, 6 and 7. Analyses for lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-β), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and creatine kinase (CK) were conducted. LOOH (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.05) and hsCRP (p < 0.05) responses to trials were lower in the MC group versus PLA. No group or interaction effects were found for the other markers. The attenuated oxidative and inflammatory responses suggest MC may be efficacious in combating post-exercise oxidative and inflammatory cascades that can contribute to cellular disruption. Additionally,