Ibrahim Aliyu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ibrahim Aliyu

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, May 14, 2019

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a complication of sickle cell anaemia (SCA), results in ... more Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a complication of sickle cell anaemia (SCA), results in considerable morbidity. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associations of echocardiography-suggested PH in children with SCA. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional comparative study involving 100 systematically sampled SCA subjects 3-14 y of age in their steady state with matched haemoglobin AA phenotype controls. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiography data (including tricuspid regurgitation velocity [TRV], mean pulmonary arterial pressure [mPAP] and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE]) were obtained from all patients. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 100 SCA subjects studied, 22 (22%) had echocardiographic findings suggestive of PH compared with none in the controls. The median TAPSE was significantly lower in the PH group (2.55 cm [interquartile range {IQR} 2.2-2.8]) compared with the no PH group (2.77 cm [IQR 2.4-3.2]) (p=0.03). No significant correlation existed between mPAP and age, nor any laboratory parameters studied. The odds ratio (OR) suggested PH significantly increased with an increase in the frequency of hospitalizations for vaso-occlusive crises within a 12-month period (OR 15.15 [95% CI 1.57 to 146.35], p=0.02) and a lifetime history of blood transfusion (OR 5.44 [95% CI 1.09 to 27.24], p=0.04). Conclusions: Echocardiography-suggested PH is common in children with SCA and is associated with poorer right ventricular function, frequent vaso-occlusive crises and blood transfusions.

Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2019

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects multiple organs and is an established risk facto... more Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects multiple organs and is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Impaired systolic function of the left ventricle is common in adult CKD patients. Objective: The main objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in children with CKD and its association with age, stage of disease, and history of dialysis. Subjects and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study. Twenty-one children with CKD aged 3–14 years and an equal number of age- and gender-matched apparently healthy controls were recruited. Outcome Measures: LVSD was considered present when ejection fraction (EF) <50%. Results: The mean EF of 63.9% in the patients was not significantly lower than the 65.3% recorded in the controls, but LVSD was detected in 5 (24%) and none of the controls (Fisher's exact; P = 0.001). Patients with LVSD were older than those with normal left ventricular systolic function, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.067); however, they differed significantly with respect to the stage of CKD (P < 0.001). LVSD was more common in patients who were never dialyzed (P < 0.001). Conclusion: LVSD is more frequent in children with CKD compared with controls. Patients with LVSD were similar to those without it, with respect to age but had more advanced disease (CKD) and less likely to have ever been dialyzed.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2017

Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity is one of the dose-limiting toxicities of anthracycline ... more Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity is one of the dose-limiting toxicities of anthracycline antibiotics, and electrophysiological abnormalities have been established. However, the existence of the established electrocardiographic abnormalities in pediatric cancer patients on chemotherapy is yet to be reported in Nigeria. This research seeks to characterize anthracycline cardiotoxicity in Nigerian children using electrocardiogram (ECG). Materials and Methods: Seventeen children on anthracycline-based regimen for various malignancies in the Paediatric oncology ward of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Those with normal serum electrolytes had a bedside ECG after obtaining informed consent. Their QTc, QTc-dispersion, and ST segment morphology were studied and compared with reference ranges of apparently normal Nigerian children where applicable. Results: There were 12 males (70.6%) and 5 females (29.4%) studied. The age range of the subjects was 2–7 years. Of the 17 subjects, only 3 were on daunorubicin-based regimen, while the rest were on doxorubicin-based regimen. The corrected QT was prolonged in 23.5% of the subjects; the QTc dispersion ranged from 20 to 126 for chest leads and 20–200 for limb leads. Whereas elevation of ST segment occurred in only one patient accounting for 5.9%, ST segment elevation, ST segment depression was present in 6 patients. Conclusion: There are remarkable differences in the ECG characteristics of patients in this report who had anthracyclines when compared to apparently healthy children.

Medical journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, 2018

The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare con... more The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital heart anomaly; this occurs in 1/300,000 live births. ALCAPA syndrome was first described in 1933 by Bland and co-authors in autopsy specimens; however, further description of its clinical manifestations resulted in the naming of Bland–White–Garland syndrome. The case of a 2-year-old boy who was referred for echocardiographic investigation due to recurrent cough, catarrh, and occasional noisy breathing is reported in this communication; his chest X-ray was normal, while electrocardiogram showed Q-waves on limb leads I and aVL and the echocardiographic study showed ALCAPA.

Pyramid Journal of Medicine, 2021

The occurrence of seizure in children is a common neurologic dysfunction and finding the underlyi... more The occurrence of seizure in children is a common neurologic dysfunction and finding the underlying aetiology is critically important as it determines the prognosis and outcome of the seizure and also guides therapeutic strategies. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays key role in the complex controlling mechanisms regulating calcium and phosphate balance. An insufficient circulating PTH level is a common cause of hypocalcaemia. A 3-months-old infant was referred to our endocrine unit with recurrent seizures, body stiffness, noisy breathing and bilateral cataract. He was previously been diagnosed as epilepsy in a syndromic child. Biochemical investigation revealed hypoparathyroidism, brain MRI was suggestive of decrease myelination for age, EEG revealed normal study, and a diagnosis of congenital hypoparathyroidism was confirmed. After calcium and vitamin D replacement, the infant improved and was seizure free off antiepileptic therapy. This case therefore explores an unusual case of seiz...

Ghana Medical Journal, 2021

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to clinic appointments in ad... more Objectives: To assess the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to clinic appointments in adult patients with poorly controlled hypertension.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Setting: A primary care setting (family medicine clinic) overseen by family physicians in Kano, Nigeria.Participants: Two hundred and thirty-four randomly selected patients, aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of hypertension, who had been on treatment for ≥1 year and had a current blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg were included.Main outcome measures: Non-adherence to clinic appointment among participantsResults: Participants’ mean age was 55±12.2 years (range: 23-85 years); they were predominantly females (163, 69.7%). Sixty (25.6%) participants were non-adherent to clinic-appointments. Being employed (OR [Odds ratio] =2.92, 95%CI [confident interval] =1.52-5.65, P=0.002), inability of participants or their children to pay the medical bills (OR=2.92,95%CI=1.42-6.00, P=0.004), and systolic blood pressu...

Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2019

Background: Pericardial effusion may culminate in cardiac tamponade which could be fatal. This st... more Background: Pericardial effusion may culminate in cardiac tamponade which could be fatal. This study aims to describe the prevalence of cardiac tamponade, with the etiology, and outcome of childhood pericardial effusion at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Hospital records of children with pericardial effusion were retrospectively analyzed from June 2016 to May 2018. Data were described via percentages, tables, and bar and pie charts. Results: Of the 5876 pediatric admissions during the study duration, 10 (0.2%) children presented with cardiac tamponade (9 boys and 1 girl) and had emergency echocardiography-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis; 5 (50%) of them had purulent, 4 (40%) had serous, and 1 (10%) had hemorrhagic pericardial effusion. Seventeen children, aged 8 months to 13 years with a male: female ratio of 2.4:1, had pericardial effusion during the study period. Pericardial effusion of infectious origin (58.8%) was the most common follow...

Indian Journal of Case Reports, 2020

Esophageal variceal bleeding following portal hypertension (PHT) is rare in children but associat... more Esophageal variceal bleeding following portal hypertension (PHT) is rare in children but associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Neonatal umbilical catheterization is a risk factor for portal vein thrombosis and subsequent development of PHT. We report the case of a 9-month-old male infant that presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices. He was delivered at 32 weeks of gestation and had neonatal umbilical catheterization for intravenous fluids and antibiotics administration. Barium meal done after resuscitation revealed esophageal varices. He had a blood transfusion while on admission and was discharged home on oral propranolol. This case report highlights a rare case of bleeding esophageal varices secondary to PHT occurring in an infant who had neonatal umbilical catheterization.

Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 2021

Accidental poisoning in children, though underreported in our environment, is common and could pr... more Accidental poisoning in children, though underreported in our environment, is common and could prove fatal. It is important to identify the primary chemical agent that is responsible for the poisoning. We present a case of accidental ingestion of fish poisoned with aluminum phosphide (AlP) used as rat poisoning by a 14-month-old girl. At presentation, the actual chemical content of the poison was not available and clinical features were suggestive of organophosphate poisoning. She was commenced on atropine together with other treatment, on which she made remarkable improvement. The atropine was continued with complete resolution of symptoms on the third day of admission. We, therefore, report a serendipitous use of atropine in the management of AlP poisoning with successful outcome.

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiology, 2020

Background: Doppler echocardiography is a reliable and non-invasive method of detecting valvar re... more Background: Doppler echocardiography is a reliable and non-invasive method of detecting valvar regurgitation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of valvar regurgitation in children with structurally normal hearts and explore its relationship with age, gender and anthropometry. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in four tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Two hundred and thirty-three children (124 males and 109 females), from birth to 18 years were recruited prospectively. Using transthoracic echocardiography, the presence of valvar regurgitation was assessed across the four cardiac valves using Color Doppler interrogation after structural abnormalities were ruled out. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22. Results: Valvar regurgitation was found in 158/233 children giving a prevalence of 67.8%. They consisted of 87 males and 71 females with a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. Of these, 82 (35.2%) had a single valvar regurgitation, 72 (30.9%) had regurgitation at two valves while 4 (1.7%) had regurgitation at three valves. Pulmonary regurgitation was the most common in 52.8% of cases while aortic regurgitation was seen in only two children (0.9%). There was a non-signifi cant negative correlation of age and body surface area with presence of tricuspid regurgitation (ρ-0.79, p=0.22 and ρ-0.12, p=0.08) and mitral regurgitation (ρ-0.04, p=0.56 and ρ-0.02, p=0.83) but positive correlation with pulmonary regurgitation (ρ 0.11, p= 0.11 and ρ 0.12, p= 0.08). The presence of valvar regurgitation was not associated with gender (p=.>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of valvar regurgitation in apparently healthy Nigerian children is 67.8%. The presence of valvar regurgitation especially of the right sided valves could be a physiologic fi nding in apparently healthy children with structurally normal hearts. Regurgitation of the left sided valves is rare.

Pan African Medical Journal, 2020

Introduction: primary maxillofacial tumors are uncommon in pediatric patients. When they do occur... more Introduction: primary maxillofacial tumors are uncommon in pediatric patients. When they do occur, the tissue damage caused directly alters facial growth, development as well as psycho-social evolution. This study was carried out to determine the pattern, sociodemographic characteristics and histologic peculiarities of paediatric jaw tumors in our environment. Methods: a retrospective hospital-based study where the case notes of children below the age of 14 years who presented with jaw tumors and tumor-like lesions from January 2014 to December 2018 were studied. Results: eighty-two patients were studied; patients aged 10-14 years had the highest representation. Mean time of presentation was 8 months with jaw swelling being the commonest presentation (84.1%). Majority of the fathers were in their 4 th decade of life while most of the mothers were in their third decade of life and both parents possessed primary school certificate as their highest level of educational attainment. Fathers were mostly traders, while mothers were mostly full-time housewives. The maxilla and mandible were most commonly affected with the left side showing higher preponderance. Burkitt lymphoma (19 (23.2%)) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (14 (17.1%)) were the commonest lesions. When the tumor involved both the maxilla and the mandible, the tumor was most likely malignant. Conclusion: in our center, paediatric jaw tumors are commonest in male children with the 10-14 years´ age group most commonly affected. Burkitt lymphoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors were the commonest tumors. Early presentation must be encouraged since these tumors if presented early can be successfully treated.

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, 2018

Background: The teething process is part of normal development of the skeletal system; however, d... more Background: The teething process is part of normal development of the skeletal system; however, different tribes and ethnic groups seem to have a list of symptoms they believe are linked to teething. Could it be that health professionals also hold to these false believes concerning teething? This is important to find out because when systemic problem is misdiagnosed as teething and nothing is done, it may result in death. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge of infants' teething and associated myths among health professionals, to ascertain the attitude of health professionals toward teething in infants, and to identify practices by health professional toward “teething problems.” Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional study, conducted from August to September 2016, and multistage sampling method was adopted. Results: Four hundred and fifty health workers participated in the study; however, 427 of them correctly completed the questionnaire giving a response rate of 94.9%. There were 213 (49.9%) males and 214 (50.1%) females with m:f ratio of 1:1. Most respondents (322; 77.8%) believed teething was associated with significant systemic symptoms, 92 (21.5%) did not associate teething with any significant systemic complaint, while only 3 (0.7%) of them were not sure if teething causes systemic illness. Fever and loss of appetite were the most common symptoms associated with teething followed by stooling while skin rash was the least common complaint associated with teething. Conclusion: Teething myths are still prevalent among health-care workers; common illnesses attributed to teething included fever, loss of appetite, excessive salivation, and diarrhea.

South African Family Practice, 2017

Background: Nigeria is not insulated from the global threat of Zika virus disease (ZVD) because o... more Background: Nigeria is not insulated from the global threat of Zika virus disease (ZVD) because of international travel and the presence of Zika-virus-carrying mosquitoes in the country. A paucity of studies exists concerning knowledge of ZVD among atrisk populations. Thus, the necessity for assessment of knowledge of ZVD among reproductive-age women in general outpatient setting. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 377 reproductive-age women attending a Nigerian tertiary hospital's general outpatient clinic. Their knowledge of ZVD was assessed using a structured questionnaire. A chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between participants' sociodemographics and ZVD knowledge. Results: The participants' median age was 27.0 ± 7.19 years. Though 68.97% of participants were aware of ZVD, only 23.85% of those had good knowledge of ZVD. Their median knowledge score was 57.14%. Participants' age (< 27 years) (p = 0.00399), tribe (Hausa) (p = 0.0174) and monogamous family type (p = 0.0108) were associated with good knowledge of ZVD. Only 5% knew that ZVD is transmitted through both mosquito bites and a sexual route. Some 80% were unaware that everybody was at risk of ZVD but 80.77% knew it could cause microcephaly. Insecticide-treated nets (80.77%), environmental sanitation (78.08%) and indoor insecticide spraying (58.85%) were preventive measures reported by most participants; a minority reported mosquito repellents (28.46%), wearing of protective clothing (36.15%), and traditional medicines (20.00%) as preventive measures. They lacked knowledge of prevention of sexual transmission. Conclusion: Participants' knowledge of ZVD was inadequate despite the high awareness rate. Stakeholders may need to address existing knowledge gaps through effective public enlightenment.

South African Family Practice, 2017

Undergraduate medical education requires the studying of a wide range of medical specialties to p... more Undergraduate medical education requires the studying of a wide range of medical specialties to produce the future workforce of the healthcare system. Family medicine (FM), a relatively new specialty in Nigeria, aims at supplying doctors capable of providing comprehensive healthcare for the majority of the population. However, many Nigerian medical schools (Bayero University inclusive) are yet to include FM in their undergraduate curriculum. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 178 respondents randomly and proportionately selected from 400-, 500and 600-level medical students of Bayero University Kano. Using a structured questionnaire, their awareness of FM discipline, specialty preferences, factors influencing specialty preferences and their views on the relevance of FM in improving health systems were assessed. Results: A majority of the respondents (60.7%) were males and most (93.8%) had heard of FM. However, only 19.7% of respondents were aware that FM was taught in the undergraduate programme of medical schools; 86% were aware of a postgraduate FM programme. FM (22.5%) was the second most preferred specialty following surgery (23.6%). Personal interest in the specialty was the main (76.5%) reason for preference. Only 2.9% believed the postgraduate training for FM had a longer duration. All respondents believed FM was relevant as a specialty. Conclusion: The knowledge and perception of the FM discipline among clinical medical students of Bayero University was good. They expressed that FM was relevant in the healthcare system as shown in their preference for the specialty, which ranked second among other specialties.

South African Family Practice, 2015

The health status of workers and their families affects workplace productivity. The National Heal... more The health status of workers and their families affects workplace productivity. The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) objective of improving healthcare accessibility to Nigerians has increased service utilisation but may pose new challenges to existing facilities. This study was undertaken to describe the pattern of clinic utilisation, disease entities of subjects, use of the excused-duty certificate and identify points of delay. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 352 subjects randomly selected over 6 weeks among patients attending the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Staff clinic. Results: Most subjects (307, 87.2%) had insurance and were predominantly (227, 64.5%) dependants. Most subjects (190, 55%) had used the clinic once to three times in the preceding 12 weeks and were predominantly (85, 24.2%) hospital attendants. Infectious disease (204, 58%) was the commonest reason for the clinical encounter. Their mean waiting and consultation times were 77.3 (SD ± 43) and 9.6 (SD ± 4.5) minutes respectively. Only 52 (14.8%) subjects were seen within 30 minutes of clinic arrival. Only a few subjects (3, 0.9%) had received an excuse-duty certificate in the preceding 12 weeks, mainly for malaria. Conclusion: High clinic utilisation and acute infectious disease burden are major challenges for the clinic, while prolonged clinic waiting time was suffered by clinic users. Prolonged waiting time may affect workplace availability and productivity. Proactive improvements in the causal factors for prolonged clinic waiting time may be required.

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2014

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a disease of the tropics and subtropics; and the most common cau... more Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a disease of the tropics and subtropics; and the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. In Nigeria, it is more common in the rain forest zone; though few case reports have been documented in the Northern part of Nigeria; it is often more common amongst adolescents and young adults and in individuals of low socioeconomic class. They may be asymptomatic for years with many presenting late in the course of the disease. However, a case of EMF in a 10-year-old Hausa girl who first presented at the age of 8-years and was also from a middle class family fully domiciled in northern Nigeria is reported.

CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 2019

Infants of diabetic mothers are prone to cardiac malformations due to teratogenicity of diabetes ... more Infants of diabetic mothers are prone to cardiac malformations due to teratogenicity of diabetes mellitus (DM). We present here the case of a macrosomic neonate who had marked difficulty with breathing. He had severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with patent ductus arteriosus and cor triatriatum dexter, and although his mother had obstetric and a family history suggestive of DM, this diagnosis was not made as her antenatal fasting plasma glucose assay was normal. The need for adequate diagnosis using oral glucose tolerance test or hemoglobin A1c is hereby emphasized.

SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences, 2019

Introduction: Chronic heart disease in children imposes a great burden in most developing countri... more Introduction: Chronic heart disease in children imposes a great burden in most developing countries, especially among those with congenital heart disease where early surgical intervention is difficult because of limited medical facilities. Most of our patients survive on long-time oral medications, some of which are sweetened. Therefore, there is a heightened risk of dental caries. This study sought to determine if there were more caries in children with chronic heart disease than those without heart disease.Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional, and oral examinations were done using mouth mirror. A convenient sampling method was adopted. Children were recruited over an 8-month period (May–December 2017). Results: This study compared 130 children with varied forms of cardiac defect with 130 children who had no chronic morbidity or any cardiac lesion. Their ages ranged from 1 to 14 years, with a mean of 5.85 +/- 3.30. The prevalence of dental caries was generally low in this report; dental caries was identified in 20.8% of all the children. Among those with cardiac defect, 30 (25.2%) had dental caries. Furthermore, caries was observed more frequently among cardiac patients on chronic medication when compared with the control, and this observation was statistically significant (X2 = 18.846, df = 1,P= 0.00). The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft, 2.03 +/- 0.85) and (DMFT, 1.22 +/- 0.44) for primary and permanent dentition were higher among those with cardiac defect; those without cardiac lesion had a mean dmft of 1.31 +/- 0.48 and DMFT of 1.00 +/- 0.00. Conclusion: Dental caries was low in this study though most cases were reported among patients with cardiac disease.

West African journal of medicine, 2021

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common medical condition but largely undiagnosed, untreated, poorly ... more BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common medical condition but largely undiagnosed, untreated, poorly controlled, and undertreated in low- and middle-income countries. Studies have reported missed hypertension during triage in Emergency Departments; however, little is known about missed elevated blood pressure (EBP) during triage in primary care settings. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of missed EBP among triaged patients attending General Outpatient Clinics in Northern Nigeria. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional multi-centre study involving 187 adults randomly selected from patients triaged in four General Outpatient Clinics in northern Nigeria. An investigator-administered questionnaire was employed to obtain data regarding participants' socio-demographic, triage blood pressure (BP) measurement, physician-led BP measurement, and physicians' clinical decision characteristics. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine f...

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, 2018

Introduction: Much have been achieved in improving the quality of life of asthmatic children such... more Introduction: Much have been achieved in improving the quality of life of asthmatic children such as providing efficient treatment and preventive measures; however, acceptability of these treatments such as metered-dose inhalers (MDI) by caregivers desires to be studied. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional involving caregivers of asthmatic children aged 5–14 years. Results: One hundred and nineteen caregivers were recruited, consisting of 93 mothers (78.1%), 22 fathers (18.5%), and 4 relations (3.4%). However, 88 (73.9%) of the respondents believed asthma was inheritable. Sixty-five (54.6%) of the respondents had counseling on asthma but majority of the respondents will accept MDI if prescribed for their wards; however, among the 33 (27.7%) that will reject, majority believed MDI will make asthma chronic (51.5%). However, 69.7% of them agreed to accept MDI if properly counseled on the advantages and effectiveness of MDI. Although majority of those that had counseli...

Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, May 14, 2019

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a complication of sickle cell anaemia (SCA), results in ... more Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a complication of sickle cell anaemia (SCA), results in considerable morbidity. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associations of echocardiography-suggested PH in children with SCA. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional comparative study involving 100 systematically sampled SCA subjects 3-14 y of age in their steady state with matched haemoglobin AA phenotype controls. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiography data (including tricuspid regurgitation velocity [TRV], mean pulmonary arterial pressure [mPAP] and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE]) were obtained from all patients. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 100 SCA subjects studied, 22 (22%) had echocardiographic findings suggestive of PH compared with none in the controls. The median TAPSE was significantly lower in the PH group (2.55 cm [interquartile range {IQR} 2.2-2.8]) compared with the no PH group (2.77 cm [IQR 2.4-3.2]) (p=0.03). No significant correlation existed between mPAP and age, nor any laboratory parameters studied. The odds ratio (OR) suggested PH significantly increased with an increase in the frequency of hospitalizations for vaso-occlusive crises within a 12-month period (OR 15.15 [95% CI 1.57 to 146.35], p=0.02) and a lifetime history of blood transfusion (OR 5.44 [95% CI 1.09 to 27.24], p=0.04). Conclusions: Echocardiography-suggested PH is common in children with SCA and is associated with poorer right ventricular function, frequent vaso-occlusive crises and blood transfusions.

Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2019

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects multiple organs and is an established risk facto... more Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects multiple organs and is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Impaired systolic function of the left ventricle is common in adult CKD patients. Objective: The main objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in children with CKD and its association with age, stage of disease, and history of dialysis. Subjects and Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study. Twenty-one children with CKD aged 3–14 years and an equal number of age- and gender-matched apparently healthy controls were recruited. Outcome Measures: LVSD was considered present when ejection fraction (EF) <50%. Results: The mean EF of 63.9% in the patients was not significantly lower than the 65.3% recorded in the controls, but LVSD was detected in 5 (24%) and none of the controls (Fisher's exact; P = 0.001). Patients with LVSD were older than those with normal left ventricular systolic function, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.067); however, they differed significantly with respect to the stage of CKD (P < 0.001). LVSD was more common in patients who were never dialyzed (P < 0.001). Conclusion: LVSD is more frequent in children with CKD compared with controls. Patients with LVSD were similar to those without it, with respect to age but had more advanced disease (CKD) and less likely to have ever been dialyzed.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), 2017

Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity is one of the dose-limiting toxicities of anthracycline ... more Background and Objective: Cardiotoxicity is one of the dose-limiting toxicities of anthracycline antibiotics, and electrophysiological abnormalities have been established. However, the existence of the established electrocardiographic abnormalities in pediatric cancer patients on chemotherapy is yet to be reported in Nigeria. This research seeks to characterize anthracycline cardiotoxicity in Nigerian children using electrocardiogram (ECG). Materials and Methods: Seventeen children on anthracycline-based regimen for various malignancies in the Paediatric oncology ward of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Those with normal serum electrolytes had a bedside ECG after obtaining informed consent. Their QTc, QTc-dispersion, and ST segment morphology were studied and compared with reference ranges of apparently normal Nigerian children where applicable. Results: There were 12 males (70.6%) and 5 females (29.4%) studied. The age range of the subjects was 2–7 years. Of the 17 subjects, only 3 were on daunorubicin-based regimen, while the rest were on doxorubicin-based regimen. The corrected QT was prolonged in 23.5% of the subjects; the QTc dispersion ranged from 20 to 126 for chest leads and 20–200 for limb leads. Whereas elevation of ST segment occurred in only one patient accounting for 5.9%, ST segment elevation, ST segment depression was present in 6 patients. Conclusion: There are remarkable differences in the ECG characteristics of patients in this report who had anthracyclines when compared to apparently healthy children.

Medical journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, 2018

The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare con... more The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital heart anomaly; this occurs in 1/300,000 live births. ALCAPA syndrome was first described in 1933 by Bland and co-authors in autopsy specimens; however, further description of its clinical manifestations resulted in the naming of Bland–White–Garland syndrome. The case of a 2-year-old boy who was referred for echocardiographic investigation due to recurrent cough, catarrh, and occasional noisy breathing is reported in this communication; his chest X-ray was normal, while electrocardiogram showed Q-waves on limb leads I and aVL and the echocardiographic study showed ALCAPA.

Pyramid Journal of Medicine, 2021

The occurrence of seizure in children is a common neurologic dysfunction and finding the underlyi... more The occurrence of seizure in children is a common neurologic dysfunction and finding the underlying aetiology is critically important as it determines the prognosis and outcome of the seizure and also guides therapeutic strategies. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays key role in the complex controlling mechanisms regulating calcium and phosphate balance. An insufficient circulating PTH level is a common cause of hypocalcaemia. A 3-months-old infant was referred to our endocrine unit with recurrent seizures, body stiffness, noisy breathing and bilateral cataract. He was previously been diagnosed as epilepsy in a syndromic child. Biochemical investigation revealed hypoparathyroidism, brain MRI was suggestive of decrease myelination for age, EEG revealed normal study, and a diagnosis of congenital hypoparathyroidism was confirmed. After calcium and vitamin D replacement, the infant improved and was seizure free off antiepileptic therapy. This case therefore explores an unusual case of seiz...

Ghana Medical Journal, 2021

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to clinic appointments in ad... more Objectives: To assess the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence to clinic appointments in adult patients with poorly controlled hypertension.Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.Setting: A primary care setting (family medicine clinic) overseen by family physicians in Kano, Nigeria.Participants: Two hundred and thirty-four randomly selected patients, aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of hypertension, who had been on treatment for ≥1 year and had a current blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg were included.Main outcome measures: Non-adherence to clinic appointment among participantsResults: Participants’ mean age was 55±12.2 years (range: 23-85 years); they were predominantly females (163, 69.7%). Sixty (25.6%) participants were non-adherent to clinic-appointments. Being employed (OR [Odds ratio] =2.92, 95%CI [confident interval] =1.52-5.65, P=0.002), inability of participants or their children to pay the medical bills (OR=2.92,95%CI=1.42-6.00, P=0.004), and systolic blood pressu...

Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2019

Background: Pericardial effusion may culminate in cardiac tamponade which could be fatal. This st... more Background: Pericardial effusion may culminate in cardiac tamponade which could be fatal. This study aims to describe the prevalence of cardiac tamponade, with the etiology, and outcome of childhood pericardial effusion at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Hospital records of children with pericardial effusion were retrospectively analyzed from June 2016 to May 2018. Data were described via percentages, tables, and bar and pie charts. Results: Of the 5876 pediatric admissions during the study duration, 10 (0.2%) children presented with cardiac tamponade (9 boys and 1 girl) and had emergency echocardiography-guided percutaneous pericardiocentesis; 5 (50%) of them had purulent, 4 (40%) had serous, and 1 (10%) had hemorrhagic pericardial effusion. Seventeen children, aged 8 months to 13 years with a male: female ratio of 2.4:1, had pericardial effusion during the study period. Pericardial effusion of infectious origin (58.8%) was the most common follow...

Indian Journal of Case Reports, 2020

Esophageal variceal bleeding following portal hypertension (PHT) is rare in children but associat... more Esophageal variceal bleeding following portal hypertension (PHT) is rare in children but associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Neonatal umbilical catheterization is a risk factor for portal vein thrombosis and subsequent development of PHT. We report the case of a 9-month-old male infant that presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices. He was delivered at 32 weeks of gestation and had neonatal umbilical catheterization for intravenous fluids and antibiotics administration. Barium meal done after resuscitation revealed esophageal varices. He had a blood transfusion while on admission and was discharged home on oral propranolol. This case report highlights a rare case of bleeding esophageal varices secondary to PHT occurring in an infant who had neonatal umbilical catheterization.

Avicenna Journal of Medicine, 2021

Accidental poisoning in children, though underreported in our environment, is common and could pr... more Accidental poisoning in children, though underreported in our environment, is common and could prove fatal. It is important to identify the primary chemical agent that is responsible for the poisoning. We present a case of accidental ingestion of fish poisoned with aluminum phosphide (AlP) used as rat poisoning by a 14-month-old girl. At presentation, the actual chemical content of the poison was not available and clinical features were suggestive of organophosphate poisoning. She was commenced on atropine together with other treatment, on which she made remarkable improvement. The atropine was continued with complete resolution of symptoms on the third day of admission. We, therefore, report a serendipitous use of atropine in the management of AlP poisoning with successful outcome.

Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiology, 2020

Background: Doppler echocardiography is a reliable and non-invasive method of detecting valvar re... more Background: Doppler echocardiography is a reliable and non-invasive method of detecting valvar regurgitation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of valvar regurgitation in children with structurally normal hearts and explore its relationship with age, gender and anthropometry. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in four tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Two hundred and thirty-three children (124 males and 109 females), from birth to 18 years were recruited prospectively. Using transthoracic echocardiography, the presence of valvar regurgitation was assessed across the four cardiac valves using Color Doppler interrogation after structural abnormalities were ruled out. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 22. Results: Valvar regurgitation was found in 158/233 children giving a prevalence of 67.8%. They consisted of 87 males and 71 females with a male: female ratio of 1.2:1. Of these, 82 (35.2%) had a single valvar regurgitation, 72 (30.9%) had regurgitation at two valves while 4 (1.7%) had regurgitation at three valves. Pulmonary regurgitation was the most common in 52.8% of cases while aortic regurgitation was seen in only two children (0.9%). There was a non-signifi cant negative correlation of age and body surface area with presence of tricuspid regurgitation (ρ-0.79, p=0.22 and ρ-0.12, p=0.08) and mitral regurgitation (ρ-0.04, p=0.56 and ρ-0.02, p=0.83) but positive correlation with pulmonary regurgitation (ρ 0.11, p= 0.11 and ρ 0.12, p= 0.08). The presence of valvar regurgitation was not associated with gender (p=.>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of valvar regurgitation in apparently healthy Nigerian children is 67.8%. The presence of valvar regurgitation especially of the right sided valves could be a physiologic fi nding in apparently healthy children with structurally normal hearts. Regurgitation of the left sided valves is rare.

Pan African Medical Journal, 2020

Introduction: primary maxillofacial tumors are uncommon in pediatric patients. When they do occur... more Introduction: primary maxillofacial tumors are uncommon in pediatric patients. When they do occur, the tissue damage caused directly alters facial growth, development as well as psycho-social evolution. This study was carried out to determine the pattern, sociodemographic characteristics and histologic peculiarities of paediatric jaw tumors in our environment. Methods: a retrospective hospital-based study where the case notes of children below the age of 14 years who presented with jaw tumors and tumor-like lesions from January 2014 to December 2018 were studied. Results: eighty-two patients were studied; patients aged 10-14 years had the highest representation. Mean time of presentation was 8 months with jaw swelling being the commonest presentation (84.1%). Majority of the fathers were in their 4 th decade of life while most of the mothers were in their third decade of life and both parents possessed primary school certificate as their highest level of educational attainment. Fathers were mostly traders, while mothers were mostly full-time housewives. The maxilla and mandible were most commonly affected with the left side showing higher preponderance. Burkitt lymphoma (19 (23.2%)) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (14 (17.1%)) were the commonest lesions. When the tumor involved both the maxilla and the mandible, the tumor was most likely malignant. Conclusion: in our center, paediatric jaw tumors are commonest in male children with the 10-14 years´ age group most commonly affected. Burkitt lymphoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors were the commonest tumors. Early presentation must be encouraged since these tumors if presented early can be successfully treated.

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, 2018

Background: The teething process is part of normal development of the skeletal system; however, d... more Background: The teething process is part of normal development of the skeletal system; however, different tribes and ethnic groups seem to have a list of symptoms they believe are linked to teething. Could it be that health professionals also hold to these false believes concerning teething? This is important to find out because when systemic problem is misdiagnosed as teething and nothing is done, it may result in death. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge of infants' teething and associated myths among health professionals, to ascertain the attitude of health professionals toward teething in infants, and to identify practices by health professional toward “teething problems.” Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional study, conducted from August to September 2016, and multistage sampling method was adopted. Results: Four hundred and fifty health workers participated in the study; however, 427 of them correctly completed the questionnaire giving a response rate of 94.9%. There were 213 (49.9%) males and 214 (50.1%) females with m:f ratio of 1:1. Most respondents (322; 77.8%) believed teething was associated with significant systemic symptoms, 92 (21.5%) did not associate teething with any significant systemic complaint, while only 3 (0.7%) of them were not sure if teething causes systemic illness. Fever and loss of appetite were the most common symptoms associated with teething followed by stooling while skin rash was the least common complaint associated with teething. Conclusion: Teething myths are still prevalent among health-care workers; common illnesses attributed to teething included fever, loss of appetite, excessive salivation, and diarrhea.

South African Family Practice, 2017

Background: Nigeria is not insulated from the global threat of Zika virus disease (ZVD) because o... more Background: Nigeria is not insulated from the global threat of Zika virus disease (ZVD) because of international travel and the presence of Zika-virus-carrying mosquitoes in the country. A paucity of studies exists concerning knowledge of ZVD among atrisk populations. Thus, the necessity for assessment of knowledge of ZVD among reproductive-age women in general outpatient setting. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 377 reproductive-age women attending a Nigerian tertiary hospital's general outpatient clinic. Their knowledge of ZVD was assessed using a structured questionnaire. A chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between participants' sociodemographics and ZVD knowledge. Results: The participants' median age was 27.0 ± 7.19 years. Though 68.97% of participants were aware of ZVD, only 23.85% of those had good knowledge of ZVD. Their median knowledge score was 57.14%. Participants' age (< 27 years) (p = 0.00399), tribe (Hausa) (p = 0.0174) and monogamous family type (p = 0.0108) were associated with good knowledge of ZVD. Only 5% knew that ZVD is transmitted through both mosquito bites and a sexual route. Some 80% were unaware that everybody was at risk of ZVD but 80.77% knew it could cause microcephaly. Insecticide-treated nets (80.77%), environmental sanitation (78.08%) and indoor insecticide spraying (58.85%) were preventive measures reported by most participants; a minority reported mosquito repellents (28.46%), wearing of protective clothing (36.15%), and traditional medicines (20.00%) as preventive measures. They lacked knowledge of prevention of sexual transmission. Conclusion: Participants' knowledge of ZVD was inadequate despite the high awareness rate. Stakeholders may need to address existing knowledge gaps through effective public enlightenment.

South African Family Practice, 2017

Undergraduate medical education requires the studying of a wide range of medical specialties to p... more Undergraduate medical education requires the studying of a wide range of medical specialties to produce the future workforce of the healthcare system. Family medicine (FM), a relatively new specialty in Nigeria, aims at supplying doctors capable of providing comprehensive healthcare for the majority of the population. However, many Nigerian medical schools (Bayero University inclusive) are yet to include FM in their undergraduate curriculum. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 178 respondents randomly and proportionately selected from 400-, 500and 600-level medical students of Bayero University Kano. Using a structured questionnaire, their awareness of FM discipline, specialty preferences, factors influencing specialty preferences and their views on the relevance of FM in improving health systems were assessed. Results: A majority of the respondents (60.7%) were males and most (93.8%) had heard of FM. However, only 19.7% of respondents were aware that FM was taught in the undergraduate programme of medical schools; 86% were aware of a postgraduate FM programme. FM (22.5%) was the second most preferred specialty following surgery (23.6%). Personal interest in the specialty was the main (76.5%) reason for preference. Only 2.9% believed the postgraduate training for FM had a longer duration. All respondents believed FM was relevant as a specialty. Conclusion: The knowledge and perception of the FM discipline among clinical medical students of Bayero University was good. They expressed that FM was relevant in the healthcare system as shown in their preference for the specialty, which ranked second among other specialties.

South African Family Practice, 2015

The health status of workers and their families affects workplace productivity. The National Heal... more The health status of workers and their families affects workplace productivity. The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) objective of improving healthcare accessibility to Nigerians has increased service utilisation but may pose new challenges to existing facilities. This study was undertaken to describe the pattern of clinic utilisation, disease entities of subjects, use of the excused-duty certificate and identify points of delay. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 352 subjects randomly selected over 6 weeks among patients attending the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Staff clinic. Results: Most subjects (307, 87.2%) had insurance and were predominantly (227, 64.5%) dependants. Most subjects (190, 55%) had used the clinic once to three times in the preceding 12 weeks and were predominantly (85, 24.2%) hospital attendants. Infectious disease (204, 58%) was the commonest reason for the clinical encounter. Their mean waiting and consultation times were 77.3 (SD ± 43) and 9.6 (SD ± 4.5) minutes respectively. Only 52 (14.8%) subjects were seen within 30 minutes of clinic arrival. Only a few subjects (3, 0.9%) had received an excuse-duty certificate in the preceding 12 weeks, mainly for malaria. Conclusion: High clinic utilisation and acute infectious disease burden are major challenges for the clinic, while prolonged clinic waiting time was suffered by clinic users. Prolonged waiting time may affect workplace availability and productivity. Proactive improvements in the causal factors for prolonged clinic waiting time may be required.

Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 2014

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a disease of the tropics and subtropics; and the most common cau... more Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a disease of the tropics and subtropics; and the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. In Nigeria, it is more common in the rain forest zone; though few case reports have been documented in the Northern part of Nigeria; it is often more common amongst adolescents and young adults and in individuals of low socioeconomic class. They may be asymptomatic for years with many presenting late in the course of the disease. However, a case of EMF in a 10-year-old Hausa girl who first presented at the age of 8-years and was also from a middle class family fully domiciled in northern Nigeria is reported.

CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 2019

Infants of diabetic mothers are prone to cardiac malformations due to teratogenicity of diabetes ... more Infants of diabetic mothers are prone to cardiac malformations due to teratogenicity of diabetes mellitus (DM). We present here the case of a macrosomic neonate who had marked difficulty with breathing. He had severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with patent ductus arteriosus and cor triatriatum dexter, and although his mother had obstetric and a family history suggestive of DM, this diagnosis was not made as her antenatal fasting plasma glucose assay was normal. The need for adequate diagnosis using oral glucose tolerance test or hemoglobin A1c is hereby emphasized.

SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences, 2019

Introduction: Chronic heart disease in children imposes a great burden in most developing countri... more Introduction: Chronic heart disease in children imposes a great burden in most developing countries, especially among those with congenital heart disease where early surgical intervention is difficult because of limited medical facilities. Most of our patients survive on long-time oral medications, some of which are sweetened. Therefore, there is a heightened risk of dental caries. This study sought to determine if there were more caries in children with chronic heart disease than those without heart disease.Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional, and oral examinations were done using mouth mirror. A convenient sampling method was adopted. Children were recruited over an 8-month period (May–December 2017). Results: This study compared 130 children with varied forms of cardiac defect with 130 children who had no chronic morbidity or any cardiac lesion. Their ages ranged from 1 to 14 years, with a mean of 5.85 +/- 3.30. The prevalence of dental caries was generally low in this report; dental caries was identified in 20.8% of all the children. Among those with cardiac defect, 30 (25.2%) had dental caries. Furthermore, caries was observed more frequently among cardiac patients on chronic medication when compared with the control, and this observation was statistically significant (X2 = 18.846, df = 1,P= 0.00). The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft, 2.03 +/- 0.85) and (DMFT, 1.22 +/- 0.44) for primary and permanent dentition were higher among those with cardiac defect; those without cardiac lesion had a mean dmft of 1.31 +/- 0.48 and DMFT of 1.00 +/- 0.00. Conclusion: Dental caries was low in this study though most cases were reported among patients with cardiac disease.

West African journal of medicine, 2021

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common medical condition but largely undiagnosed, untreated, poorly ... more BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common medical condition but largely undiagnosed, untreated, poorly controlled, and undertreated in low- and middle-income countries. Studies have reported missed hypertension during triage in Emergency Departments; however, little is known about missed elevated blood pressure (EBP) during triage in primary care settings. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of missed EBP among triaged patients attending General Outpatient Clinics in Northern Nigeria. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional multi-centre study involving 187 adults randomly selected from patients triaged in four General Outpatient Clinics in northern Nigeria. An investigator-administered questionnaire was employed to obtain data regarding participants' socio-demographic, triage blood pressure (BP) measurement, physician-led BP measurement, and physicians' clinical decision characteristics. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine f...

Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, 2018

Introduction: Much have been achieved in improving the quality of life of asthmatic children such... more Introduction: Much have been achieved in improving the quality of life of asthmatic children such as providing efficient treatment and preventive measures; however, acceptability of these treatments such as metered-dose inhalers (MDI) by caregivers desires to be studied. Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional involving caregivers of asthmatic children aged 5–14 years. Results: One hundred and nineteen caregivers were recruited, consisting of 93 mothers (78.1%), 22 fathers (18.5%), and 4 relations (3.4%). However, 88 (73.9%) of the respondents believed asthma was inheritable. Sixty-five (54.6%) of the respondents had counseling on asthma but majority of the respondents will accept MDI if prescribed for their wards; however, among the 33 (27.7%) that will reject, majority believed MDI will make asthma chronic (51.5%). However, 69.7% of them agreed to accept MDI if properly counseled on the advantages and effectiveness of MDI. Although majority of those that had counseli...