Rusli Ibrahim - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rusli Ibrahim

Sains Malaysiana, 2016

Induced mutagenesis using gamma ray has been proven applicable to improve varieties of many genot... more Induced mutagenesis using gamma ray has been proven applicable to improve varieties of many genotypes of crop species. The effects of 60Co gamma ray dosage on growth and callus induction of nucellus segments of Citrus reticulata cv. limau madu were investigated. The nucelli were exposed to gamma rays at doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 Gy, followed by embryogenic callus (EC) induction on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 500 mg L-1 malt extract (ME), 146 mM sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar and 13.3 μM benzyl amino purine (BAP). Survival, callus type and colour, degree of callus formation, time of callus formation and total fresh weight of callus varied among the treatments. All untreated explants (controls) survived and produced friable EC in the 2nd or 3rd week of culture, whereas the irradiated nucelli showed delayed response. EC derived from the nucelli irradiated at 10, 20 and 40 Gy appeared in the 3rd week of culture, whereas EC from the 60 and 80 Gy doses appeared i...

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial herb that belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is a n... more Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial herb that belongs to the family of Asteraceae. It is a natural sweetener plant known as sweet leaf, which is estimated to be 300 times sweeter than cane sugar. In this study, micropropagation and in vitro mutagenesis of this natural herb was successfully conducted. It was found that shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l Kinetin showed the highest shoot induction and multiplication after 3 weeks of culture (5.50±1.95a). Radiosensitivity test was conducted to identify the dose that killed 50% of the irradiated explants (LD50) for in vitro stevia shoots and to select effective doses to be used for the in vitro mutagenesis. Shoot tips were irradiated with acute and chronic gamma radiation at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80Gy. At 60 Gy and 80 Gy, all treated shoot tips were not survived. In this study, LD50 for the stevia was estimated at 29 Gy for acute irradiation and 45 Gy for chronic irradiation. The effective doses were selected at 1...

Correct types and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) will enhance and optimize the g... more Correct types and concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) will enhance and optimize the growth of callus cultures. This paper reported the effects of several types of cytokinins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)) and auxins (6–Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin) on the callus induction of C. suhuiensis. The cotyledons from C. suhuiensis seeds were excised as the explant and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, 3% (w/v) sugar, 0.05% (w/v) malt extract and 0.25% (w/v) agar under the continuous dark condition supplemented with the chosen PGRs at the concentration range of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L. The growth of callus at each treatment was measured as gram (g) of fresh weight and percentage of callus induction. The results showed that 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D gave the highest growth of callus (0.15 g and 100% callus percentage). After identifying the effective PGRs, Central Composite Design (CCD) from the Design Expert® software ve...

The diseases hampering Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) or commonly known as ‘limau madu’ in Eas... more The diseases hampering Citrus suhuiensis (C. suhuiensis) or commonly known as ‘limau madu’ in East Asia has become a major problem to their cultivation and thus, plant cell culture techniques can be one of the solution to overcome this problem. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play important role in inducing callus cultures and the correct types and concentration of PGRs will enhance and optimize the growth of callus. This paper investigated the effects of different types of cytokinins (2,4-D and NAA) and auxins (BAP and kinetin) as PGRs at the range of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/L, respectively supplemented with MS media, 3% (w/v) sugar, 500 mg/L malt extract and 0.25% (w/v) agar under the continuous dark condition. The cotyledons from the seeds of C. suhuiensis were excised as the explant and the growth of callus at each treatment was measured as g/L of fresh weight and percentage of callus induction. It was found that 1.0 mg/L 2, 4-D gave the highest growth of callus (0.15g and ...

Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 2021

Malaysia has made substantial progress in plant mutation breeding with the use of nuclear techniq... more Malaysia has made substantial progress in plant mutation breeding with the use of nuclear techniques and related biotechnologies, not only in the development of new mutant varieties but also in the establishment of an excellent nuclear research centre. A total of 53 mutant varieties have been developed, including rice Oryza sativa (19), banana Musa acuminata (one), groundnut Arachis hypogaea (two), orchid Dendrobium 'Sonia' (six), chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum morifolium (seven), hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (three), roselles Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (three) and other ornamental and landscaping plants (12). Most of the new ornamental varieties have been developed by both acute and chronic gamma-ray irradiation of seeds, rooted cuttings, bulbs and tissue cultures. Food crops that have an economic impact on sustainable agricultural production are mutant varieties of banana ('Novaria') and rice (MRQ74, MR219-9 and MR219-4). 'Novaria' is a selection made from a mu...

Romanian …, 2012

Eurycoma longifolia is well known for its aphrodisiac and energy enhancing properties especially ... more Eurycoma longifolia is well known for its aphrodisiac and energy enhancing properties especially among the communities in Southeast Asia regions attributed to the bioactive compounds concentrated mainly in its tap root. Over-exploitation of the plants from the natural habitat has led to the shortage of the plant in the jungle. In this study, the effects of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) at the concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg/L on adventitious roots induction from the leaf explants were tested on full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The best auxin and the optimal concentration determined was NAA at 3 mg/L as measured in terms of percentage of explants forming roots and the number of roots formed per explant. In the study on sucrose concentrations, 3 mg/L of NAA-containing MS medium was supplemented with sucrose at 10, 30, 50 and 70 g/L. The results revealed that 50g/L sucrose that produced 3.2 roots per explant was better than 30g/L in inducing adventitious roots. Further studies using different carbon sources revealed that glucose recorded the highest rooting percentage (42.2%) while sucrose gave the highest root number (3.0) per explant. This study reported the first successful adventitious roots induction of E. longifolia, which promise a high potential of large scale commercial production in bioreactor for the pharmaceutical industries.

Molecules, 2011

The study was couducted to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation and CO 2 on flavonoid con... more The study was couducted to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation and CO 2 on flavonoid content and leaf gas exchange in C.asiatica. For flavonoid determination, the design was a split split plot based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). For other parameters, the designs were split plots. Statistical tests revealed significant differences in flavonoid contents of Centella asiatica leaves between different growth stages and various CO 2 treatments. CO 2 400, G20 (400 = ambient CO 2 ; G20 = Plants exposed to 20 Gy) showed 82.90% higher total flavonoid content (TFC) in the 5th week than CO 2 400 as control at its best harvest time (4th week). Increasing the concentration of CO 2 from 400 to 800 μmol/mol had significant effects on TFC and harvesting time. In fact, 800 μmol/mol resulted in 171.1% and 66.62% increases in TFC for control and irradiated plants, respectively. Moreover, increasing CO 2 concentration reduced the harvesting time to three and four weeks for control and irradiated plants, respectively. Enhancing CO 2 to 800 µmol/mol resulted in a 193.30% (CO 2 800) increase in leaf biomass compared to 400 µmol/mol and 226.34% enhancement in irradiated plants (CO 2 800, G20) [800 = Ambient CO 2 ; G20 = Plants exposed to 20 Gy] than CO 2 400, G20.

Centella asiatica is a small herbaceous annual plant of the family Apiaceae, locally known as Peg... more Centella asiatica is a small herbaceous annual plant of the family Apiaceae, locally known as Pegaga in Malaysia. Common names include Gotu Kola, Asiatic Pennywort, Antanan, and Brahmi. It is one of the most common medicinal plants used by diverse ancient cultures and has been widely used as health food and in cosmetic industries. Flavonoid compounds, especially quercetin have anti-tumor activity and it is clear that Centella asiatica has higher flavonols (quercetin) and flavanals (naringin) content compared with vegetables and fruits. A study was conducted to analyse the total flavonoid contents (TFC) in 8 local accessions. Significant differences were observed both in their morphological characters and total flavonoid contents (TFC), detected at a range of 760.36µg/ml to 1512.27µg/ml dry weight of whole plant. Highest TFC was recorded in A2 (1512.27µg/ml) and lowest in A3 (760.36µg/ml). Analysis on different parts of the plant also revealed that leaf tissue contains the highest flavonoid, followed by petiole and root. Total flavonoid content in the leaf was highest in A2 (1309µg/ml) and lowest in A3 (519µg/ml). However, A3 also recorded the highest TFC in the petiole (194µg/ml). Time to harvest was observed to be an important factor for accumulation of TFC in the plant and S3 (6 weeks after planting) was recorded to be the best for all accessions. Information on morphological, chemical and growth characteristics of these accessions can be further applied in micropropagation and mutation breeding programmes to select for desirable traits of fast growth, high biomass and flavonoid content for commercialisation.

Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2015

Four local mushroom species, viz. Auricularis polytricha, Lentinus edodes, Agrocybe sp and Pleuro... more Four local mushroom species, viz. Auricularis polytricha, Lentinus edodes, Agrocybe sp and Pleurotus flabellatus were grown under submerged culture and screened for endopolysaccharides. The fermentation was done in 250 ml working volume Erlenmeyer flask and the fermentation curves for all species were established. Pleurotus flabellatus has the highest rate of biomass production at the rate of 0.180 g/L/day, at 10 days hence chosen for further investigation. Two additional media, viz. Mushroom Complete Media (MCM) and Yeast Malt (YM) were selected to be compared with potato extract(PE) media used initially. MCM media produced the highest biomass productivity at the rate of 0.311 g/L/day. Pleurotus flabellatus biomass was extracted using modified Mizuno method and the endopolysaccharide obtained was tested for β-glucan. The yield of β-glucan was 7.70 ± 1.11 g/100g. The polysaccharides were purified using column chromatography to yield four fractions. The fourth fraction F4, gave the highest molecular weight at 3.058 × 10 6 Dalton (11.8%) and 1.282 × 10 4 Dalton (88.2%). The mushroom, P. flabbelatus was cultured using airlift bioreactor, and the highest productivity was obtained at air-flowrate 2 L/min, yielding 2.25 g/L/day. The yield of biomass against substrate used (glucose consumption) Y b/s was 0.78 g/g.

Handbook of Plant Breeding

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences

Labisia pumila or locally known as ‘Kacip Fatimah’ is an herbaceous plant commonly used for dysen... more Labisia pumila or locally known as ‘Kacip Fatimah’ is an herbaceous plant commonly used for dysentery, flatulence, dysmenorrhoea and gonorrhoea. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different plant growth regulators at various concentrations on adventitious root induction from the leaf explants of Labisia pumila. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with auxins; indole-acetic acid (IAA), indole-butyric acid (IBA) and naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) each at the concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg/L were evaluated for their effects on adventitious root induction. No adventitious roots formed in the control medium devoid of any PGRs. Among the plant growth regulators (PGRs) used, IBA showed the best adventitious roots formation for all explants, followed by NAA and IAA. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/L of IBA showed the best rooting ability. In this treatment, 72.4 ± 9.3 % of rooting, 17.8 ± 9.4 roots per explants and 0.123 ± 0.096g of ...

Jurnal Teknologi

Tissue culture in ornamental plants is one of the relevant factors that beat production of vegeta... more Tissue culture in ornamental plants is one of the relevant factors that beat production of vegetables and fruit production worldwide. It has been recognized as an effective tool to enhance large scale of plant multiplication. However, the conventional lighting system may contain unnecessary wavelength that are low quality to promote growth. In this study, experiment was conducted by using Light Emitting Diodes (LED) as an alternative source of lighting. Red and blue LEDs along with fluorescent light (FL) were applied to determine the best source of light in multiplication of rose. Under the same media regimes which are MS media basal and BAP shoot hormone, blue LED had shown more shoots and leaves.

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2017

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, Jun 30, 1998

The effectiveness of X-radiation on regeneration of adventitious buds on in vitro leaf explants o... more The effectiveness of X-radiation on regeneration of adventitious buds on in vitro leaf explants of three Rosa hybrida L. genotypes was studied. In vitro leaflet explants of roses produced adventitious buds when cultured in the dark for 1 week on Murashige and Skoog (MS) induction medium containing 6.8 µM thidiazuron (TDZ) + 0.49 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and subsequently transferred to MS regeneration medium containing 2.2 µM benzyladenine (BA) + 0.049 µM IBA in the presence of reduced light, at 15 µmol m −2 s −1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Analysis of radiosensitivity by irradiating leaf explants with increasing doses of X-rays between 25 and 100 Gray (Gy) resulted in a decreasing rate of leaf explants regenerating buds from 47% to 0% respectively. The lethal dose for 50% of the regenerating explants (LD 50) in all the three genotypes was estimated to be 25 Gy at a dose rate 2 Gy/s. For the main experiment, doses of 5 and 15 Gy were selected and variations were observed between genotypes. Clone RUI 317 had the highest rate of adventitious bud regeneration, with 83.6% (2.5 buds/explant) at 5 Gy and 64% (1.8 buds/explant) at 15 Gy, compared to 89% (3.4 buds/explant) with the untreated control. Significant differences in the percentage of bud regeneration of the three genotypes were only observed at 15 Gy in comparison to the control and the number of buds formed per regenerating explant varied between 1 to 4.