Muhammad Shahzad Ijaz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Muhammad Shahzad Ijaz
International Journal of Business and Society, 2021
This study comparatively analyses the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks in Pa... more This study comparatively analyses the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan. Using data of 29 conventional and 9 Islamic banks over 18 years, the study first estimates bank competition and stability using Lerner index and Z-Score, respectively. Generalized least squares regression is used and the coefficients are estimated by using random-effects estimator. Results of the mean comparison show that Islamic banks carry more market power (less competition) and are more stable compared to their conventional counterparts. Results of a panel regression show that competition positively affects the stability of the banking sector and this effect is higher for Islamic banks due to their market power. Results also show that bank stability in Pakistan was reduced during global crisis period; however, presence of Islamic banks contributes to the stability even during crisis. Finally, this study supports the competition-stability hypothesis for Islamic banking in Paki...
Development of resistant crop varieties is one of the significant tools of integrated pest manage... more Development of resistant crop varieties is one of the significant tools of integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Screening of rice genotypes is the most effective physical tool for provision of resistant genotypes. In the present experiment, 9 coarse rice lines/varieties and 31 fine rice lines/varieties were sown for assessing their resistance and yield against rice blast disease for two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). During 2015, rice lines KSK 456 and KSK-464 found to be moderately resistant and yielded higher (5.8 t/ha and 5.6 t/ha respectively) as compared to other lines/varieties. During 2016, rice lines KSK 456 and KSK-464 showed good results in terms of resistance to blast and also yield was higher i.e. 5.9 t/ha and 5.7 t/ha respectively.
Business & Economic Review, 2017
Predicting financial health of enterprises is crucial for companies and banks (who lend money to ... more Predicting financial health of enterprises is crucial for companies and banks (who lend money to them), as well as to all stakeholders. State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has taken measures to implement Basel Accord framework for minimizing credit risk since its implementation in 2005. In this regard, there was a need for the development of corporate financial distress and bankruptcy prediction model which is specific to Pakistani companies to serve as a reliable tool for the assessment of financial health. In this paper we have proposed a model after a comprehensive analysis for objective prediction of financial health of companies. The proposed model has been tested for a sample of one hundred companies from non-financial sector of PSX listed companies, among which fifty were bankrupt and fifty financially healthy. Twenty-nine financial and accounting variables were used as input to model development procedure. The results suggest that the proposed model is capable of making a correct forecast of financial health of these companies.
Information Management and Business Review, 2014
Merger and Acquisition is a strategy adopted by the organizations globally to meet the needs of d... more Merger and Acquisition is a strategy adopted by the organizations globally to meet the needs of dynamic business environment. This strategy also has much importance in Pakistan mostly in banking sector. Therefore, the objective of the study is to assess the impact of M&A on the financial performance of banks in Pakistan. The accounting and financial data of 10 banks were used in this study. Data was taken from the financial statement analysis (FSA) by State Bank of Pakistan from the period of 20062011. For the analysis of pre and post Merger and Acquisition performance 15 financial ratios were used in the study. To compare the results Paired sample t-Test was used to measure the significant difference between pre and post M&A financial performance. The overall results show that there is no significant difference in financial performance. It is concluded that there is insignificant difference between pre and post M&A performance of banks in Pakistan.
Applied Nanoscience, 2019
Nanoparticles fabricated with biological reducing agents to minimize toxic effects of chemicals a... more Nanoparticles fabricated with biological reducing agents to minimize toxic effects of chemicals are being focused worldwide. Biologically synthesized metal oxide nanomaterials have become integral part of nanotechnology. The current work is providing an insight on ZnO nanoparticles having root extract of Z. officinale and A. sativum in terms of catalytic and antimicrobial action potential. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), UltraViolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong absorption at 365 nm with size range between 31.64 and 44 nm for Z. officinale and 28-45 nm in case of A. sativum-doped ZnO as revealed by UV-vis and XRD. The Z. officinale-doped nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity against multiple drug-resistant S. aureus at increasing concentrations (0.5, 1.0 mg/50 µl) and also actively degraded methylene blue (MB) dye. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by green approach have potential to resolve emerging drug resistance against pathogenic bacterial diseases. Conclusively, significant inhibition zones resulted against (MDR) S. aureus ranging 1.80-2.25 mm and 2.3-3 mm at low and high concentrations for Z. officinale while, 1.7-2.05 mm and 2.2-2.7 mm for A. sativum-doped ZnO-NPs.
International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, Feb 16, 2014
Highlights The paper investigates the firm performance in Pakistan. The panel OLS approach is... more Highlights The paper investigates the firm performance in Pakistan. The panel OLS approach is applied for empirical analysis. Leverage has a positive impact effect on the performance of the firm.
Purpose: The aim of our study is to analyze the factors that affect performance of the cement sec... more Purpose: The aim of our study is to analyze the factors that affect performance of the cement sector focusing particularly on Pakistani firms. The study further finds the impact of size on performance, to examine the relationship between age of the firm and firm performance, to measure the effect of growth on firm’s performance and to highlight the impact of leverage on performance of the firm. There are twenty six cement companies listed in KSE. However, for the purpose of this paper only twenty companies were selected whose data was readily available over the period of eleven years from 2002 to 2012. Methodology: The data for the study was extracted from the annual reports of all the companies. In this study panel data analysis is used. Findings: After analyzing the data we have come to a point that all of the four variables have significant impact on the performance of the firm. We have seen that leverage has a positive impact effect on the performance of the firm when ROA is ana...
Purpose: The volatility in stock prices is one of the most discussed topics in finance. Many stud... more Purpose: The volatility in stock prices is one of the most discussed topics in finance. Many studies have been conducted to find the factors which cause fluctuation in stock prices and different results have been found. In this study an attempt has been made to see the affect of dividend yield, dividend payout ratio, return on equity, earning per share and profit after tax on stock prices in Pakistan. For this purpose four non financial sectors (Sugar, Chemical, Food and personal care, Energy) have been selected. A sample of 63 companies listed at Karachi stock exchange was analyzed for the period of 2006-2011. Methodology: Ordinary least square regression model has been applied on panel data. Findings: The results indicate dividend yield and dividend payout ratio which are both measures of dividend policy have significant impact on stock price. Dividend yield is negatively related with stock price and dividend payout ratio is positively related with stock price which means that the...
Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector... more Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector to predict their financial failure is heavily studied. Altman Z-Score is the most efficient model to judge the financial failure of the companies. This study uses Altman’s Z-Score and current ratio to assess the financial status of sugar sector companies listed at Karachi stock exchange. Sugar sector is the second largest slice among all sectors listed at Karachi stock exchange. Total population sampling technique was used in this study and all thirty five sugar sector listed companies at KSE were included in this study to get the deep insights of the issue. State bank’s balance sheet analysis and companies’ financial reports were used to compile the data for the years 2009 and 2010. The results of the study showed that current ratio and Altman’s Z-Score are the reliable tool of assessing financial health of sugar sector listed companies of Karachi stock exchange. This study further exp...
World Applied Sciences Journal
Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector... more Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector to predict their financial failure is heavily studied. Altman Z-Score is the most efficient model to judge the financial failure of the companies. This study uses Altman’s Z-Score and current ratio to assess the financial status of sugar sector companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange. Sugar sector is the second largest slice among all sectors listed at Karachi Stock Exchange. Total population sampling technique was used in this study and all thirty five sugar sector listed companies at Karachi Stock Exchange were included in this study to get the deep insights of the issue. State bank’s balance sheet analysis and companies’ financial reports were used to compile the data for the years 2009 and 2010. The results of the study showed that current ratio and Altman’s Z-Score are the reliable tool of assessing financial health of sugar sector listed companies of Karachi Stock Exchange. Thi...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
A study was conducted in buffaloes to detect the M. bovis in blood samples through PCR. The PCR a... more A study was conducted in buffaloes to detect the M. bovis in blood samples through PCR. The PCR assay was described which could detect M. bovis infection in blood samples that were apparently negative in PPD of tubercle bacilli. A total of 100 buffaloes blood samples were tested and 2.0 % buffaloes were found positive for M. bovis infection through single comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (SCCIDTT) while 54 % were found positive for M. bovis infection through PCR. The positive cases were analyzed in the background of their history. History revealed that these positive buffaloes were reared in a populated herd for a long time. This study provides an evidence of bovine tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in buffaloes which are main source of milk and meat is South Asia.
Journal of Scientific Research
Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakis... more Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakistan to evaluate the efficiency of alpha lattice design in field experiments. The average standard error of difference between genotypes mean is used to calculate relative efficiency of alpha lattice design. Both experiments clearly identified the advantages of small blocks. The average gain in efficiency was 119% with maximum 128%. Mean ranks comparison for both randomized complete block and alpha lattice design were performed. It was observed that the ranks were not constant across the experiments. The results emphasize that the traditional randomized complete block designs (RCBD) should be replaced by alpha lattice in the agricultural field experiments when number of varieties to be tested in an experiment increases to more than five or ten. In such a situation finding a homogeneous block is quite difficult in field experiments.
Equine Veterinary Education, 2010
| Entrevista Reflexões sobre uma carreira dedicada ao passado angolano. Entrevista com a historia... more | Entrevista Reflexões sobre uma carreira dedicada ao passado angolano. Entrevista com a historiadora Beatrix Heintze Reflections on a career dedicated to the Angolan past. An interview with the historian Beatrix Heintze Reflections sur une carrière dédiée au passé de l' Angola. Entretiens avec l'historienne Beatrix Heintze Reflecciones acerca de una carrera dedicada ao pasado angolano. Entrevista con la historiadora Beatrix Heintze
Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 2014
Business transactions are going to be fast day by day because of dynamic changes in the global en... more Business transactions are going to be fast day by day because of dynamic changes in the global environment. Merger and Acquisition is a strategy adopted by the organizations globally to meet the needs of recent dynamic business environment. It has achieved much attention and importance in corporate world. In Pakistan, this strategy has been used widely in banking sector. Therefore, the objective of the study is to evaluate the financial performance of banks in Pakistan after M&A. The financial and accounting data for 10 banks was taken from the Financial Statement Analysis by State Bank of Pakistan. Profitability & Efficiency, Leverage, and Liquidity ratios were used to measure the financial performance, where pre and post ratio analysis was done. Results of the study show that there is no positive improvement in the financial performance of the banks in Pakistan after Merger and Acquisition.
Journal of Scientific Research, 2010
Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakis... more Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakistan to evaluate the efficiency of alpha lattice design in field experiments. The average standard error of difference between genotypes mean is used to calculate relative efficiency of alpha lattice design. Both experiments clearly identified the advantages of small blocks. The average gain in efficiency was 119% with maximum 128%. Mean ranks comparison for both randomized complete block and alpha lattice design were performed. It was observed that the ranks were not constant across the experiments. The results emphasize that the traditional randomized complete block designs (RCBD) should be replaced by alpha lattice in the agricultural field experiments when number of varieties to be tested in an experiment increases to more than five or ten. In such a situation finding a homogeneous block is quite difficult in field experiments.Keywords: Rice; Alpha lattice design; RCBD; Pakistan.© 201...
Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 2012
International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 2008
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is most important public health concern and an emerging disease in Pakist... more Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is most important public health concern and an emerging disease in Pakistan. A study was conducted to explore the prevalence of Hepatitis C↔Genotype 3a in the infected population of Metropolitan, Lahore Pakistan by using primers against the 5' non coding region of the viral RNA, cDNA was synthesized. For qualitative analysis, the amplification of cDNA was done by first round PCR. Nested PCR was performed with first round PCR product. Amplification of HCV cDNA for genotyping by regular PCR was carried out. For HCV genotyping by second round PCR, two different primer mixtures were prepared. Detection of genotype specific band was confirmed by gel electrophoresis. A 232 bp specific band of HCV 3a genotype was amplified. Our result showed, prevalence of genotype 3a out of 155 HCV PCR positive samples where 51.61 % (80) samples were among population of Lahore.
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2010
The prevalence of Parascaris equorum in paddock horses, donkeys, and mules (n = 150 for each) of ... more The prevalence of Parascaris equorum in paddock horses, donkeys, and mules (n = 150 for each) of the Mona Remount Depot, Sargodha, Pakistan, was examined and the efficacy of two treatments, doramectin and garlic, measured on the basis of fecal egg counts. Parascaris equorum infection was found in 54 (36%) horses, 47 (31%) donkeys, and 42 (28%) mules. The final
The J. Anim. and Plt. …, 2009
The current study was carried out to find out the infection rate of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ... more The current study was carried out to find out the infection rate of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminths and its association with diarrhoea in goats in Lahore, Pakistan. For this purpose, 300 faecal samples from goats suffering from diarrhoea presented at the Outdoor Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, UVAS Lahore and various private as well as government hospitals located in Lahore were examined coprologically for the presence of helminths. The result revealed that an overall infection rate of GIT helminths was 63.33% in goats. When compared the class wise infection rate, highest infection rate of nematodes (42.67%) was observed, followed by trematodes (16.67%) and cestodes (4%). The efficacy of Ricobendazole was observed to be 62, 96 and 98% at day 3, 7 and 14 of treatment, respectively. The efficacy of Ricobendazole was higher than Albendazole (46, 83 and 94% at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively). Lowest efficacy of garlic powder against helminth parasites was observed (13, 28 and 34% at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively). It was concluded that Ricobendazole is the most effective drugs against helminths in goats.
Journal of Financial Economics, 2011
Individuals are increasingly put in charge of their financial security after retirement. Moreover... more Individuals are increasingly put in charge of their financial security after retirement. Moreover, the supply of complex financial products has increased considerably over the years. However, we still have little or no information about whether individuals have the financial knowledge and skills to navigate this new financial environment. To better understand financial literacy and its relation to financial decision-making, we have devised two special modules for the DNB Household Survey. We have designed questions to measure numeracy and basic knowledge related to the working of inflation and interest rates, as well as questions to measure more advanced financial knowledge related to financial market instruments (stocks, bonds, and mutual funds). We evaluate the importance of financial literacy by studying its relation to the stock market: Are more financially knowledgeable individuals more likely to hold stocks? To assess the direction of causality, we make use of questions measuring financial knowledge before investing in the stock market. We find that, while the understanding of basic economic concepts related to inflation and interest rate compounding is far from perfect, it outperforms the limited knowledge of stocks and bonds, the concept of risk diversification, and the working of financial markets. We also find that the measurement of financial literacy is very sensitive to the wording of survey questions. This provides additional evidence for limited financial knowledge. Finally, we report evidence of an independent effect of financial literacy on stock market participation: Those who have low financial literacy are significantly less likely to invest in stocks.
International Journal of Business and Society, 2021
This study comparatively analyses the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks in Pa... more This study comparatively analyses the financial stability of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan. Using data of 29 conventional and 9 Islamic banks over 18 years, the study first estimates bank competition and stability using Lerner index and Z-Score, respectively. Generalized least squares regression is used and the coefficients are estimated by using random-effects estimator. Results of the mean comparison show that Islamic banks carry more market power (less competition) and are more stable compared to their conventional counterparts. Results of a panel regression show that competition positively affects the stability of the banking sector and this effect is higher for Islamic banks due to their market power. Results also show that bank stability in Pakistan was reduced during global crisis period; however, presence of Islamic banks contributes to the stability even during crisis. Finally, this study supports the competition-stability hypothesis for Islamic banking in Paki...
Development of resistant crop varieties is one of the significant tools of integrated pest manage... more Development of resistant crop varieties is one of the significant tools of integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Screening of rice genotypes is the most effective physical tool for provision of resistant genotypes. In the present experiment, 9 coarse rice lines/varieties and 31 fine rice lines/varieties were sown for assessing their resistance and yield against rice blast disease for two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). During 2015, rice lines KSK 456 and KSK-464 found to be moderately resistant and yielded higher (5.8 t/ha and 5.6 t/ha respectively) as compared to other lines/varieties. During 2016, rice lines KSK 456 and KSK-464 showed good results in terms of resistance to blast and also yield was higher i.e. 5.9 t/ha and 5.7 t/ha respectively.
Business & Economic Review, 2017
Predicting financial health of enterprises is crucial for companies and banks (who lend money to ... more Predicting financial health of enterprises is crucial for companies and banks (who lend money to them), as well as to all stakeholders. State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has taken measures to implement Basel Accord framework for minimizing credit risk since its implementation in 2005. In this regard, there was a need for the development of corporate financial distress and bankruptcy prediction model which is specific to Pakistani companies to serve as a reliable tool for the assessment of financial health. In this paper we have proposed a model after a comprehensive analysis for objective prediction of financial health of companies. The proposed model has been tested for a sample of one hundred companies from non-financial sector of PSX listed companies, among which fifty were bankrupt and fifty financially healthy. Twenty-nine financial and accounting variables were used as input to model development procedure. The results suggest that the proposed model is capable of making a correct forecast of financial health of these companies.
Information Management and Business Review, 2014
Merger and Acquisition is a strategy adopted by the organizations globally to meet the needs of d... more Merger and Acquisition is a strategy adopted by the organizations globally to meet the needs of dynamic business environment. This strategy also has much importance in Pakistan mostly in banking sector. Therefore, the objective of the study is to assess the impact of M&A on the financial performance of banks in Pakistan. The accounting and financial data of 10 banks were used in this study. Data was taken from the financial statement analysis (FSA) by State Bank of Pakistan from the period of 20062011. For the analysis of pre and post Merger and Acquisition performance 15 financial ratios were used in the study. To compare the results Paired sample t-Test was used to measure the significant difference between pre and post M&A financial performance. The overall results show that there is no significant difference in financial performance. It is concluded that there is insignificant difference between pre and post M&A performance of banks in Pakistan.
Applied Nanoscience, 2019
Nanoparticles fabricated with biological reducing agents to minimize toxic effects of chemicals a... more Nanoparticles fabricated with biological reducing agents to minimize toxic effects of chemicals are being focused worldwide. Biologically synthesized metal oxide nanomaterials have become integral part of nanotechnology. The current work is providing an insight on ZnO nanoparticles having root extract of Z. officinale and A. sativum in terms of catalytic and antimicrobial action potential. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), UltraViolet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles showed strong absorption at 365 nm with size range between 31.64 and 44 nm for Z. officinale and 28-45 nm in case of A. sativum-doped ZnO as revealed by UV-vis and XRD. The Z. officinale-doped nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity against multiple drug-resistant S. aureus at increasing concentrations (0.5, 1.0 mg/50 µl) and also actively degraded methylene blue (MB) dye. ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by green approach have potential to resolve emerging drug resistance against pathogenic bacterial diseases. Conclusively, significant inhibition zones resulted against (MDR) S. aureus ranging 1.80-2.25 mm and 2.3-3 mm at low and high concentrations for Z. officinale while, 1.7-2.05 mm and 2.2-2.7 mm for A. sativum-doped ZnO-NPs.
International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, Feb 16, 2014
Highlights The paper investigates the firm performance in Pakistan. The panel OLS approach is... more Highlights The paper investigates the firm performance in Pakistan. The panel OLS approach is applied for empirical analysis. Leverage has a positive impact effect on the performance of the firm.
Purpose: The aim of our study is to analyze the factors that affect performance of the cement sec... more Purpose: The aim of our study is to analyze the factors that affect performance of the cement sector focusing particularly on Pakistani firms. The study further finds the impact of size on performance, to examine the relationship between age of the firm and firm performance, to measure the effect of growth on firm’s performance and to highlight the impact of leverage on performance of the firm. There are twenty six cement companies listed in KSE. However, for the purpose of this paper only twenty companies were selected whose data was readily available over the period of eleven years from 2002 to 2012. Methodology: The data for the study was extracted from the annual reports of all the companies. In this study panel data analysis is used. Findings: After analyzing the data we have come to a point that all of the four variables have significant impact on the performance of the firm. We have seen that leverage has a positive impact effect on the performance of the firm when ROA is ana...
Purpose: The volatility in stock prices is one of the most discussed topics in finance. Many stud... more Purpose: The volatility in stock prices is one of the most discussed topics in finance. Many studies have been conducted to find the factors which cause fluctuation in stock prices and different results have been found. In this study an attempt has been made to see the affect of dividend yield, dividend payout ratio, return on equity, earning per share and profit after tax on stock prices in Pakistan. For this purpose four non financial sectors (Sugar, Chemical, Food and personal care, Energy) have been selected. A sample of 63 companies listed at Karachi stock exchange was analyzed for the period of 2006-2011. Methodology: Ordinary least square regression model has been applied on panel data. Findings: The results indicate dividend yield and dividend payout ratio which are both measures of dividend policy have significant impact on stock price. Dividend yield is negatively related with stock price and dividend payout ratio is positively related with stock price which means that the...
Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector... more Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector to predict their financial failure is heavily studied. Altman Z-Score is the most efficient model to judge the financial failure of the companies. This study uses Altman’s Z-Score and current ratio to assess the financial status of sugar sector companies listed at Karachi stock exchange. Sugar sector is the second largest slice among all sectors listed at Karachi stock exchange. Total population sampling technique was used in this study and all thirty five sugar sector listed companies at KSE were included in this study to get the deep insights of the issue. State bank’s balance sheet analysis and companies’ financial reports were used to compile the data for the years 2009 and 2010. The results of the study showed that current ratio and Altman’s Z-Score are the reliable tool of assessing financial health of sugar sector listed companies of Karachi stock exchange. This study further exp...
World Applied Sciences Journal
Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector... more Since 1968, after the development of multivariate model, financial health of the corporate sector to predict their financial failure is heavily studied. Altman Z-Score is the most efficient model to judge the financial failure of the companies. This study uses Altman’s Z-Score and current ratio to assess the financial status of sugar sector companies listed at Karachi Stock Exchange. Sugar sector is the second largest slice among all sectors listed at Karachi Stock Exchange. Total population sampling technique was used in this study and all thirty five sugar sector listed companies at Karachi Stock Exchange were included in this study to get the deep insights of the issue. State bank’s balance sheet analysis and companies’ financial reports were used to compile the data for the years 2009 and 2010. The results of the study showed that current ratio and Altman’s Z-Score are the reliable tool of assessing financial health of sugar sector listed companies of Karachi Stock Exchange. Thi...
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
A study was conducted in buffaloes to detect the M. bovis in blood samples through PCR. The PCR a... more A study was conducted in buffaloes to detect the M. bovis in blood samples through PCR. The PCR assay was described which could detect M. bovis infection in blood samples that were apparently negative in PPD of tubercle bacilli. A total of 100 buffaloes blood samples were tested and 2.0 % buffaloes were found positive for M. bovis infection through single comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (SCCIDTT) while 54 % were found positive for M. bovis infection through PCR. The positive cases were analyzed in the background of their history. History revealed that these positive buffaloes were reared in a populated herd for a long time. This study provides an evidence of bovine tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in buffaloes which are main source of milk and meat is South Asia.
Journal of Scientific Research
Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakis... more Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakistan to evaluate the efficiency of alpha lattice design in field experiments. The average standard error of difference between genotypes mean is used to calculate relative efficiency of alpha lattice design. Both experiments clearly identified the advantages of small blocks. The average gain in efficiency was 119% with maximum 128%. Mean ranks comparison for both randomized complete block and alpha lattice design were performed. It was observed that the ranks were not constant across the experiments. The results emphasize that the traditional randomized complete block designs (RCBD) should be replaced by alpha lattice in the agricultural field experiments when number of varieties to be tested in an experiment increases to more than five or ten. In such a situation finding a homogeneous block is quite difficult in field experiments.
Equine Veterinary Education, 2010
| Entrevista Reflexões sobre uma carreira dedicada ao passado angolano. Entrevista com a historia... more | Entrevista Reflexões sobre uma carreira dedicada ao passado angolano. Entrevista com a historiadora Beatrix Heintze Reflections on a career dedicated to the Angolan past. An interview with the historian Beatrix Heintze Reflections sur une carrière dédiée au passé de l' Angola. Entretiens avec l'historienne Beatrix Heintze Reflecciones acerca de una carrera dedicada ao pasado angolano. Entrevista con la historiadora Beatrix Heintze
Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 2014
Business transactions are going to be fast day by day because of dynamic changes in the global en... more Business transactions are going to be fast day by day because of dynamic changes in the global environment. Merger and Acquisition is a strategy adopted by the organizations globally to meet the needs of recent dynamic business environment. It has achieved much attention and importance in corporate world. In Pakistan, this strategy has been used widely in banking sector. Therefore, the objective of the study is to evaluate the financial performance of banks in Pakistan after M&A. The financial and accounting data for 10 banks was taken from the Financial Statement Analysis by State Bank of Pakistan. Profitability & Efficiency, Leverage, and Liquidity ratios were used to measure the financial performance, where pre and post ratio analysis was done. Results of the study show that there is no positive improvement in the financial performance of the banks in Pakistan after Merger and Acquisition.
Journal of Scientific Research, 2010
Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakis... more Two rice trials were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in rice research institute, Kala Shah Kako Pakistan to evaluate the efficiency of alpha lattice design in field experiments. The average standard error of difference between genotypes mean is used to calculate relative efficiency of alpha lattice design. Both experiments clearly identified the advantages of small blocks. The average gain in efficiency was 119% with maximum 128%. Mean ranks comparison for both randomized complete block and alpha lattice design were performed. It was observed that the ranks were not constant across the experiments. The results emphasize that the traditional randomized complete block designs (RCBD) should be replaced by alpha lattice in the agricultural field experiments when number of varieties to be tested in an experiment increases to more than five or ten. In such a situation finding a homogeneous block is quite difficult in field experiments.Keywords: Rice; Alpha lattice design; RCBD; Pakistan.© 201...
Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 2012
International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 2008
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is most important public health concern and an emerging disease in Pakist... more Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is most important public health concern and an emerging disease in Pakistan. A study was conducted to explore the prevalence of Hepatitis C↔Genotype 3a in the infected population of Metropolitan, Lahore Pakistan by using primers against the 5' non coding region of the viral RNA, cDNA was synthesized. For qualitative analysis, the amplification of cDNA was done by first round PCR. Nested PCR was performed with first round PCR product. Amplification of HCV cDNA for genotyping by regular PCR was carried out. For HCV genotyping by second round PCR, two different primer mixtures were prepared. Detection of genotype specific band was confirmed by gel electrophoresis. A 232 bp specific band of HCV 3a genotype was amplified. Our result showed, prevalence of genotype 3a out of 155 HCV PCR positive samples where 51.61 % (80) samples were among population of Lahore.
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2010
The prevalence of Parascaris equorum in paddock horses, donkeys, and mules (n = 150 for each) of ... more The prevalence of Parascaris equorum in paddock horses, donkeys, and mules (n = 150 for each) of the Mona Remount Depot, Sargodha, Pakistan, was examined and the efficacy of two treatments, doramectin and garlic, measured on the basis of fecal egg counts. Parascaris equorum infection was found in 54 (36%) horses, 47 (31%) donkeys, and 42 (28%) mules. The final
The J. Anim. and Plt. …, 2009
The current study was carried out to find out the infection rate of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ... more The current study was carried out to find out the infection rate of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminths and its association with diarrhoea in goats in Lahore, Pakistan. For this purpose, 300 faecal samples from goats suffering from diarrhoea presented at the Outdoor Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, UVAS Lahore and various private as well as government hospitals located in Lahore were examined coprologically for the presence of helminths. The result revealed that an overall infection rate of GIT helminths was 63.33% in goats. When compared the class wise infection rate, highest infection rate of nematodes (42.67%) was observed, followed by trematodes (16.67%) and cestodes (4%). The efficacy of Ricobendazole was observed to be 62, 96 and 98% at day 3, 7 and 14 of treatment, respectively. The efficacy of Ricobendazole was higher than Albendazole (46, 83 and 94% at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively). Lowest efficacy of garlic powder against helminth parasites was observed (13, 28 and 34% at day 3, 7 and 14, respectively). It was concluded that Ricobendazole is the most effective drugs against helminths in goats.
Journal of Financial Economics, 2011
Individuals are increasingly put in charge of their financial security after retirement. Moreover... more Individuals are increasingly put in charge of their financial security after retirement. Moreover, the supply of complex financial products has increased considerably over the years. However, we still have little or no information about whether individuals have the financial knowledge and skills to navigate this new financial environment. To better understand financial literacy and its relation to financial decision-making, we have devised two special modules for the DNB Household Survey. We have designed questions to measure numeracy and basic knowledge related to the working of inflation and interest rates, as well as questions to measure more advanced financial knowledge related to financial market instruments (stocks, bonds, and mutual funds). We evaluate the importance of financial literacy by studying its relation to the stock market: Are more financially knowledgeable individuals more likely to hold stocks? To assess the direction of causality, we make use of questions measuring financial knowledge before investing in the stock market. We find that, while the understanding of basic economic concepts related to inflation and interest rate compounding is far from perfect, it outperforms the limited knowledge of stocks and bonds, the concept of risk diversification, and the working of financial markets. We also find that the measurement of financial literacy is very sensitive to the wording of survey questions. This provides additional evidence for limited financial knowledge. Finally, we report evidence of an independent effect of financial literacy on stock market participation: Those who have low financial literacy are significantly less likely to invest in stocks.