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Papers by Ilke Turkmendag
Routledge eBooks, Jun 24, 2022
Technoetic Arts
The historical context of body and tissue donation is deeply problematic, with patriarchal and co... more The historical context of body and tissue donation is deeply problematic, with patriarchal and colonial narratives. The contemporary context of molecular and genetic biology further complicates issues of bodily donation through narratives of abstraction and extraction. As practitioners working outside the conventional boundaries of scientific study learn the tools and techniques to extract and use bodily materials, they are also learning and challenging the procedures and processes. This article approaches questions of bodily donation through the edited transcript of a conversation between artists who regularly use body fluids and cellular bodily materials in their practice, moderated by Louise Mackenzie and Ilke Turkmendag as part of the Taboo‐Transgression‐Transcendence in Art & Science Conference held online with the support of the University of Applied Arts, Vienna, 2020. The panel challenged the ethical and conceptual assumptions made in biotechnological research and reconsider...
New Genetics and Society, 2014
practices themselves) shapes how the means of reproduction can be imagined, altered, politicized,... more practices themselves) shapes how the means of reproduction can be imagined, altered, politicized, and, therefore, "seized." Michelle Murphy, who is an associate professor of history and women and gender studies at the University of Toronto, describes her methodological approach as an excavation of the past and a mapping of some of the tensions within reproductive health politics as it was assembled during the last decades of the twentieth century. Given the array of situated phenomena in this historicized biopolitics, some maps may have been useful to help visualize the range and scale of entanglements described throughout the book. Nonetheless, any scholar interested in biopolitics should have a copy of this book. Not only does it provide STS with important conceptual tools for rethinking the histories of feminism and technologies, it can also serve as a gateway into larger histories of biopolitics such as "big science," genomics, or specific diseases.
European Law and New Health Technologies, 2013
Newcastle University, 2021
Epigenetics, blaming mothers, and the law Epigenetics is one of the most cutting-edge discoveries... more Epigenetics, blaming mothers, and the law Epigenetics is one of the most cutting-edge discoveries in science explaining the ways in which environmental, medical, nutritional, and behavioural experiences (even the experiences of the past generations) influence gene expression, and how these changes are transmitted to subsequent generations. Pregnant woman's body, 'the maternal body', is the focus of transgenerational epigenetics which studies the inheritance of epigenetic phenomena between generations. Because epigenetics explains how nature and nurture interact in determining human traits, there is a growing awareness of the findings in this field from both health and policy perspectives.
Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy
This paper examines the construction of maternal responsibility in transgenerational epigenetics ... more This paper examines the construction of maternal responsibility in transgenerational epigenetics and its implications for pregnant women. Transgenerational epigenetics is suggesting a link between maternal behaviour and lifestyle during pregnancy and the subsequent well-being of their children. For example, poor prenatal diet and exposure to maternal distress during pregnancy are linked to epigenetic changes, which may cause health problems in the offspring. In this field, the uterus is seen as a micro-environment in which new generations can take shape. Because epigenetics concerns how gene expression is influenced by the social realm, including a range of environmental conditions such as stress, diet, smoking, exercise, exposure to chemicals, pollution, and environmental hazards, the research findings in this area have direct policy relevance. For policy makers, rather than controlling this complex range of determinants of health, isolating and targeting maternal body and responsi...
Knowledge, Technology and Law: At the Intersection of Socio-Legal and Science & Technology Studies, 2015
New Genetics and Society, 2021
Heritable genome editing (HGE) is prohibited by several international conventions for a number of... more Heritable genome editing (HGE) is prohibited by several international conventions for a number of reasons, including the protection of "genetic identity." This article provides a conceptual analysis of the concept of "genetic identity" and offers normative reflections as to how it should be interpreted in the context of HGE. In particular, this article examines the purported right to retain "genetic identity" and the right-to-know "genetic identity" in order to explore the possible implications of these understandings on the debate concerning HGE on nuclear genome. We argue that a right to retain "genetic identity," that is a right to an untampered genome, is unlikely to be plausibly established if the current international provisions are used as the basis for governing the use of HGE, due to both conceptual and practical ambiguities. We note that the international framework may be more nuanced if it directly engages with what it means to "preserve humanity." Furthermore, drawing on the existing literature on identity formation, we argue that "genetic identity" based on a narrative-based understanding of identity should be given more weight in the context of HGE because it better safeguards the interests of the children born via the technology, should the technology be legalized for clinical use.
New Genetics and Society, 2021
From 1 April 2005, UK law was changed to allow children born through gamete donation to access id... more From 1 April 2005, UK law was changed to allow children born through gamete donation to access identifying details of the donor. The decision to abolish donor anonymity was strongly infl uenced by a discourse that asserted the ‘ child’s right-to-know ’ their genetic origins. The main consequence of this reform has been an acute shortage of donors. However, little has been heard from those most directly affected, would-be parents. It is not clear to what extent they have chosen to remain silent or have been silenced by exclusion from the public realm of debate. This article reports the fi ndings of a qualitative study of an online support group for people undergoing donor conception. These suggest that would-be parents feel intimidated from publicly voicing their concerns about the impact of the donor shortage. However, their understandings of welfare and kinship are very different from those of the policy elites responsible for this legal reform. Their reluctance to mobilize around ...
Newcastle University ePrints-eprint.ncl.ac.uk Turkmendag I. When sperm cannot travel: Experiences... more Newcastle University ePrints-eprint.ncl.ac.uk Turkmendag I. When sperm cannot travel: Experiences of UK would-be parents seeking treatment abroad.
Our co-authored (Fox, Murphy, Thompson, and Turkmendag) Debate & Dialogue was published in the Ju... more Our co-authored (Fox, Murphy, Thompson, and Turkmendag) Debate & Dialogue was published in the June 2019 print issue of Social & Legal Studies. Entitled ‘What’s Law got to do with Good Science?’, it was an engagement with Charis Thompson’s book, Good Science: The Ethical Choreography of Stem Cell Research (MIT, 2013). As the title suggests, in the article we addressed the relationship between law and science, focusing on three areas taken up in Thompson’s monograph, which we selected based on our research interests, namely;
New Genetics and Society, 2020
Routledge eBooks, Jun 24, 2022
Technoetic Arts
The historical context of body and tissue donation is deeply problematic, with patriarchal and co... more The historical context of body and tissue donation is deeply problematic, with patriarchal and colonial narratives. The contemporary context of molecular and genetic biology further complicates issues of bodily donation through narratives of abstraction and extraction. As practitioners working outside the conventional boundaries of scientific study learn the tools and techniques to extract and use bodily materials, they are also learning and challenging the procedures and processes. This article approaches questions of bodily donation through the edited transcript of a conversation between artists who regularly use body fluids and cellular bodily materials in their practice, moderated by Louise Mackenzie and Ilke Turkmendag as part of the Taboo‐Transgression‐Transcendence in Art & Science Conference held online with the support of the University of Applied Arts, Vienna, 2020. The panel challenged the ethical and conceptual assumptions made in biotechnological research and reconsider...
New Genetics and Society, 2014
practices themselves) shapes how the means of reproduction can be imagined, altered, politicized,... more practices themselves) shapes how the means of reproduction can be imagined, altered, politicized, and, therefore, "seized." Michelle Murphy, who is an associate professor of history and women and gender studies at the University of Toronto, describes her methodological approach as an excavation of the past and a mapping of some of the tensions within reproductive health politics as it was assembled during the last decades of the twentieth century. Given the array of situated phenomena in this historicized biopolitics, some maps may have been useful to help visualize the range and scale of entanglements described throughout the book. Nonetheless, any scholar interested in biopolitics should have a copy of this book. Not only does it provide STS with important conceptual tools for rethinking the histories of feminism and technologies, it can also serve as a gateway into larger histories of biopolitics such as "big science," genomics, or specific diseases.
European Law and New Health Technologies, 2013
Newcastle University, 2021
Epigenetics, blaming mothers, and the law Epigenetics is one of the most cutting-edge discoveries... more Epigenetics, blaming mothers, and the law Epigenetics is one of the most cutting-edge discoveries in science explaining the ways in which environmental, medical, nutritional, and behavioural experiences (even the experiences of the past generations) influence gene expression, and how these changes are transmitted to subsequent generations. Pregnant woman's body, 'the maternal body', is the focus of transgenerational epigenetics which studies the inheritance of epigenetic phenomena between generations. Because epigenetics explains how nature and nurture interact in determining human traits, there is a growing awareness of the findings in this field from both health and policy perspectives.
Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy
This paper examines the construction of maternal responsibility in transgenerational epigenetics ... more This paper examines the construction of maternal responsibility in transgenerational epigenetics and its implications for pregnant women. Transgenerational epigenetics is suggesting a link between maternal behaviour and lifestyle during pregnancy and the subsequent well-being of their children. For example, poor prenatal diet and exposure to maternal distress during pregnancy are linked to epigenetic changes, which may cause health problems in the offspring. In this field, the uterus is seen as a micro-environment in which new generations can take shape. Because epigenetics concerns how gene expression is influenced by the social realm, including a range of environmental conditions such as stress, diet, smoking, exercise, exposure to chemicals, pollution, and environmental hazards, the research findings in this area have direct policy relevance. For policy makers, rather than controlling this complex range of determinants of health, isolating and targeting maternal body and responsi...
Knowledge, Technology and Law: At the Intersection of Socio-Legal and Science & Technology Studies, 2015
New Genetics and Society, 2021
Heritable genome editing (HGE) is prohibited by several international conventions for a number of... more Heritable genome editing (HGE) is prohibited by several international conventions for a number of reasons, including the protection of "genetic identity." This article provides a conceptual analysis of the concept of "genetic identity" and offers normative reflections as to how it should be interpreted in the context of HGE. In particular, this article examines the purported right to retain "genetic identity" and the right-to-know "genetic identity" in order to explore the possible implications of these understandings on the debate concerning HGE on nuclear genome. We argue that a right to retain "genetic identity," that is a right to an untampered genome, is unlikely to be plausibly established if the current international provisions are used as the basis for governing the use of HGE, due to both conceptual and practical ambiguities. We note that the international framework may be more nuanced if it directly engages with what it means to "preserve humanity." Furthermore, drawing on the existing literature on identity formation, we argue that "genetic identity" based on a narrative-based understanding of identity should be given more weight in the context of HGE because it better safeguards the interests of the children born via the technology, should the technology be legalized for clinical use.
New Genetics and Society, 2021
From 1 April 2005, UK law was changed to allow children born through gamete donation to access id... more From 1 April 2005, UK law was changed to allow children born through gamete donation to access identifying details of the donor. The decision to abolish donor anonymity was strongly infl uenced by a discourse that asserted the ‘ child’s right-to-know ’ their genetic origins. The main consequence of this reform has been an acute shortage of donors. However, little has been heard from those most directly affected, would-be parents. It is not clear to what extent they have chosen to remain silent or have been silenced by exclusion from the public realm of debate. This article reports the fi ndings of a qualitative study of an online support group for people undergoing donor conception. These suggest that would-be parents feel intimidated from publicly voicing their concerns about the impact of the donor shortage. However, their understandings of welfare and kinship are very different from those of the policy elites responsible for this legal reform. Their reluctance to mobilize around ...
Newcastle University ePrints-eprint.ncl.ac.uk Turkmendag I. When sperm cannot travel: Experiences... more Newcastle University ePrints-eprint.ncl.ac.uk Turkmendag I. When sperm cannot travel: Experiences of UK would-be parents seeking treatment abroad.
Our co-authored (Fox, Murphy, Thompson, and Turkmendag) Debate & Dialogue was published in the Ju... more Our co-authored (Fox, Murphy, Thompson, and Turkmendag) Debate & Dialogue was published in the June 2019 print issue of Social & Legal Studies. Entitled ‘What’s Law got to do with Good Science?’, it was an engagement with Charis Thompson’s book, Good Science: The Ethical Choreography of Stem Cell Research (MIT, 2013). As the title suggests, in the article we addressed the relationship between law and science, focusing on three areas taken up in Thompson’s monograph, which we selected based on our research interests, namely;
New Genetics and Society, 2020