Ina Hoeschele - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ina Hoeschele
Genetics Society of America, Dec 1, 2000
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Genetics, 1996
Maximum likelihood methodology was applied to determine the mode of inheritance of rare binary tr... more Maximum likelihood methodology was applied to determine the mode of inheritance of rare binary traits with data structures typical for swine populations. The genetic models considered included a monogenic, a digenic, a polygenic, and three mixed polygenic and major gene models. The main emphasis was on the detection of major genes acting on a polygenic background. Deterministic algorithms were employed to integrate and maximize likelihoods. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate model selection and parameter estimation. Three designs were simulated that differed in the number of sires/number of dams within sires (10/10, 30/30, 100/30). Major gene effects of at least one SD of the liability were detected with satisfactory power under the mixed model of inheritance, except for the smallest design. Parameter estimates were empirically unbiased with acceptable standard errors, except for the smallest design, and allowed to distinguish clearly between the genetic models. Distributi...
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Genetics, 1997
A Bayesian method for mapping linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) using multiple linked genetic ... more A Bayesian method for mapping linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) using multiple linked genetic markers is presented. Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing was implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. Parameters included were allele frequencies and substitution effects for two biallelic QTL, map positions of the QTL and markers, allele frequencies of the markers, and polygenic and residual variances. Missing data were polygenic effects and multi-locus marker-QTL genotypes. Three different MCMC schemes for testing the presence of a single or two linked QTL on the chromosome were compared. The first approach includes a model indicator variable representing two unlinked QTL affecting the trait, one linked and one unlinked QTL, or both QTL linked with the markers. The second approach incorporates an indicator variable for each QTL into the model for phenotype, allowing or not allowing for a substitution effect of a QTL on phenotype, and the third approach is ba...
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Frontiers in veterinary science, 2018
Scottish terriers (ST) frequently have increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the steroid ... more Scottish terriers (ST) frequently have increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the steroid isoform. Many of these also have high serum concentrations of adrenal sex steroids. The study's objective was to determine the cause of increased sex steroids in ST with increased ALP. Adrenal gland suppression and stimulation were compared by low dose dexamethasone (LDDS), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response tests. Resting plasma pituitary hormones were measured. Steroidogenesis-related mRNA expression was evaluated in six ST with increased ALP, eight dogs of other breeds with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), and seven normal dogs. The genome-wide association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with ALP activity was evaluated in 168 ST. ALP (reference interval 8-70 U/L) was high in all ST (1,054 U/L) and HAC (985 U/L) dogs. All HAC dogs and 2/8 ST had increased cortisol post-ACTH administration. All ST and 2/7 Normal...
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Scientific reports, Jan 19, 2018
Glioma is a unique neoplastic disease that develops exclusively in the central nervous system (CN... more Glioma is a unique neoplastic disease that develops exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) and rarely metastasizes to other tissues. This feature strongly implicates the tumor-host CNS microenvironment in gliomagenesis and tumor progression. We investigated the differences and similarities in glioma biology as conveyed by transcriptomic patterns across four mammalian hosts: rats, mice, dogs, and humans. Given the inherent intra-tumoral molecular heterogeneity of human glioma, we focused this study on tumors with upregulation of the platelet-derived growth factor signaling axis, a common and early alteration in human gliomagenesis. The results reveal core neoplastic alterations in mammalian glioma, as well as unique contributions of the tumor host to neoplastic processes. Notable differences were observed in gene expression patterns as well as related biological pathways and cell populations known to mediate key elements of glioma biology, including angiogenesis, immune evas...
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Journal of Animal Science, 1995
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Circulation, Mar 10, 2015
Little is known regarding the transcriptional and epigenetic basis for atherogenesis and cardiova... more Little is known regarding the transcriptional and epigenetic basis for atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Here we integrate transcriptomic (Illumina HumanHT-12 v4) and methylomic (Illumina 450K array) data from purified monocytes with concurrent CVD risk factors and measures of atherosclerosis - carotid plaque (CP) identified using ultrasound and coronary artery calcium (CAC), from 1,208 randomly selected participants (554 whites, 260 blacks, 394 Hispanics) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Association analysis was performed using linear and logistic regression, adjusting for demographics, technical covariates, and other known CVD risk factors. A false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 was used to control for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: We identified expression of two genes, ARID5B (a transcription factor) and PDLIM7, positively associated with both CP and CAC, and 17 additional genes associated with only CAC . We also identified 29 and seven differentially methylated CpGs associated with CP and CAC, respectively, including a CpG at ILVBL associated with both CP and CAC. Eleven of these atherosclerosis CpGs were also associated with cis-gene expression, including an ARID5B expression-associated methylation site (cg25953130, ARID5B intron) which overlapped a predicted strong enhancer, a transcription factor binding site (for EP300), and a DNase I hotspot (ENCODE and BLUEPRINT monocyte data). The inverse association between methylation of this ARID5B CpG and atherosclerosis (CP:p=4.3x10-7, FDR=0.01; CAC: p= 2.4x10-5, FDR=0.32) appeared to be mediated through ARID5B expression (CP: p=2.1x10-4, CAC: p=2.1 x10-3, using Structural Equation modeling with bootstrapping). Furthermore, many other known risk factors for CVD (age, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes, HDL, and interleukin-6 levels) were also associated with ARID5B expression at genome-wide levels of significance. The ARID5B associations with atherosclerosis at gene expression and methylation levels together explain an additional 2.3% variability in CP above and beyond known CVD risk factors, and were consistent across age (< or ≥65 years), sex, race/ethnicity, CVD status, or statin use subgroups, as well as the independent sites of data collection. ARID5B expression was also positively associated with prevalent CVD (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The concurrent multi-omic profiling of atherogenic-related cells coupled with state-of-the-art measurements of atherosclerosis in a large, well-phenotyped, multi-ethnic cohort provide novel insights into the biomarkers and the potential molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. In particular, our data on ARID5B , taken together with previously reported experimental evidence for its role in promoting lipid accumulation and smooth muscle cell differentiation, strongly suggests an atherogenic role for this gene.
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Journal of Dairy Science, 1993
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Journal of Dairy Science, 1990
The association of recessive genetic disorders with yield and type traits was investigated. The f... more The association of recessive genetic disorders with yield and type traits was investigated. The frequency of a defective gene could be increased by selection if it is positively associated with selected traits, despite efforts to reduce it. Genetic defects considered were weaver in Brown Swiss and rectovaginal constriction and limber leg in Jerseys. Data sets for linkage analysis consisted of 245 sons of 9 carrier sires, 1036 sons of 16 carrier sires, and 557 sons of 10 carrier sires, respectively. Weaver carrier sons had higher producing daughters than noncarrier sons within all 9 sire families. Weaver carrier cows have an advantage of 673.6 kg milk and 26.0 kg fat and a disadvantage in rear legs score, indicating that the condition may not be completely recessive. Carriers of the other defect genes have no advantage for milk production, are scored lower for pelvic angle, and limber leg carriers have more desirable udders. Estimates of defect gene frequencies in 264,000 Jersey cows show a decrease over time for rectovaginal constriction and limber leg; in 97,723 Brown Swiss cows, frequency of the weaver gene increased over time. Gene frequencies in daughters of the youngest sires were 5.48, 2.13, and 8.89%, respectively. Consistently higher yield evaluations of weaver carrier sons within each sire family, large advantage in production of weaver carrier cows, and increasing gene frequency over time indicate that a chromosome segment with major effect on yield is tightly linked to weaver in Brown Swiss.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Dairy Science, 1990
ABSTRACT
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Journal of Dairy Science, 1992
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Dairy Science, 1991
Additive and nonadditive genetic variances were estimated for cow fertility of Holsteins. Measure... more Additive and nonadditive genetic variances were estimated for cow fertility of Holsteins. Measures of fertility were first lactation days open and service period as recorded and with upper bounds of 150 and 91 d, respectively. Six million inseminations from the Raleigh, North Carolina Processing Center were used to form fertility records of 379,009 cows. Data were analyzed with a model accounting for all additive, dominance, and additive by additive covariances traced through sires and maternal grandsires. Variance components were estimated by the tilde-hat approximation to REML. Heritability in the narrow sense was 2% for days open and .8% for service period. Dominance and additive by additive variance as a percentage of phenotypic variation strongly depended on imposition of upper bounds. Heritabilities in the broad sense ranged from 2.2 to 6.6% and were at least twice as large as heritabilities in the narrow sense. Effect of 25% inbreeding was only around an additional 3 d open. Specific combining abilities among bulls were estimated as sums of dominance and additive by additive interactions removing effect of inbreeding depression. Differences between maximum and minimum estimates were in the order of twice the estimated standard deviation, ranging from 1.5 to 6.7 d. Effects of inbreeding and specific combining ability could be jointly considered in mating programs following sire selection.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Handbook of Statistical Genetics, 2004
In this chapter, we present statistical methods for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in out... more In this chapter, we present statistical methods for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in outbred or complex pedigrees. Such pedigrees exist primarily in livestock populations, also in human populations, and occasionally in experimental animal or plant populations. The main focus of this chapter is on linkage mapping, but methods for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and combined linkage/LD mapping are also outlined. The latter are very recent proposals and are at the time of writing less developed than linkage methods. We describe least-squares and maximum likelihood (ML) methods for estimating QTL effects, and variance components analysis by approximate (residual) ML for estimating QTL variance contributions. We describe Bayesian QTL mapping, its prior distributions and other distributional assumptions, its implementation via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, its inferences, and contrast it with frequentist methodology. Genotype sampling algorithms using genotypic peeling, allelic peeling, or descent graphs are described. Genotype samplers are a critical component of MCMC algorithms implementing ML and Bayesian analyses for complex pedigrees. Lastly, fine-mapping methods including chromosome dissection and linkage disequilibrium mapping using current and historical recombinations, respectively, are outlined, and initial method developments combining linkage disequilibrium and linkage are presented. Keywords: quantitative trait loci; pedigree analysis; Bayesian inference; variance components; residual maximum likelihood; outbred population; linkage mapping; linkage disequilibrium; Markov chain monte carlo; peeling; descent graph
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Analysis of Complex Disease Association Studies, 2011
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Gene Network Inference, 2013
In this chapter, the in silico systems genetics dataset, used as a benchmark in the rest of the b... more In this chapter, the in silico systems genetics dataset, used as a benchmark in the rest of the book, is described in detail, in particular regarding its simulation by SysGenSIM. Morever, the algorithms underlying the generation of the gene expression data and the genotype values are fully illustrated.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2005
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1993
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Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1996
A Bayesian approach to the statistical mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) using single mar... more A Bayesian approach to the statistical mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) using single markers was implemented via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Parameter estimators were marginal posterior means computed using a Gibbs sampler with data augmentation. Variables sampled included the augmented data (marker-QTL genotypes, polygenic effects), an indicator variable for linkage, and the parameters (allele frequency, QTL substitution effect, recombination rate, polygenic and residual variances). Several MCMC algorithms were derived for computing Bayesian tests of linkage, which consisted of the marginal posterior probability of linkage and the marginal likelihood of the QTL variance associated with the marker.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Genetics Society of America, Dec 1, 2000
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Genetics, 1996
Maximum likelihood methodology was applied to determine the mode of inheritance of rare binary tr... more Maximum likelihood methodology was applied to determine the mode of inheritance of rare binary traits with data structures typical for swine populations. The genetic models considered included a monogenic, a digenic, a polygenic, and three mixed polygenic and major gene models. The main emphasis was on the detection of major genes acting on a polygenic background. Deterministic algorithms were employed to integrate and maximize likelihoods. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate model selection and parameter estimation. Three designs were simulated that differed in the number of sires/number of dams within sires (10/10, 30/30, 100/30). Major gene effects of at least one SD of the liability were detected with satisfactory power under the mixed model of inheritance, except for the smallest design. Parameter estimates were empirically unbiased with acceptable standard errors, except for the smallest design, and allowed to distinguish clearly between the genetic models. Distributi...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Genetics, 1997
A Bayesian method for mapping linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) using multiple linked genetic ... more A Bayesian method for mapping linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) using multiple linked genetic markers is presented. Parameter estimation and hypothesis testing was implemented via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. Parameters included were allele frequencies and substitution effects for two biallelic QTL, map positions of the QTL and markers, allele frequencies of the markers, and polygenic and residual variances. Missing data were polygenic effects and multi-locus marker-QTL genotypes. Three different MCMC schemes for testing the presence of a single or two linked QTL on the chromosome were compared. The first approach includes a model indicator variable representing two unlinked QTL affecting the trait, one linked and one unlinked QTL, or both QTL linked with the markers. The second approach incorporates an indicator variable for each QTL into the model for phenotype, allowing or not allowing for a substitution effect of a QTL on phenotype, and the third approach is ba...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Frontiers in veterinary science, 2018
Scottish terriers (ST) frequently have increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the steroid ... more Scottish terriers (ST) frequently have increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the steroid isoform. Many of these also have high serum concentrations of adrenal sex steroids. The study's objective was to determine the cause of increased sex steroids in ST with increased ALP. Adrenal gland suppression and stimulation were compared by low dose dexamethasone (LDDS), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) response tests. Resting plasma pituitary hormones were measured. Steroidogenesis-related mRNA expression was evaluated in six ST with increased ALP, eight dogs of other breeds with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), and seven normal dogs. The genome-wide association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with ALP activity was evaluated in 168 ST. ALP (reference interval 8-70 U/L) was high in all ST (1,054 U/L) and HAC (985 U/L) dogs. All HAC dogs and 2/8 ST had increased cortisol post-ACTH administration. All ST and 2/7 Normal...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Scientific reports, Jan 19, 2018
Glioma is a unique neoplastic disease that develops exclusively in the central nervous system (CN... more Glioma is a unique neoplastic disease that develops exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) and rarely metastasizes to other tissues. This feature strongly implicates the tumor-host CNS microenvironment in gliomagenesis and tumor progression. We investigated the differences and similarities in glioma biology as conveyed by transcriptomic patterns across four mammalian hosts: rats, mice, dogs, and humans. Given the inherent intra-tumoral molecular heterogeneity of human glioma, we focused this study on tumors with upregulation of the platelet-derived growth factor signaling axis, a common and early alteration in human gliomagenesis. The results reveal core neoplastic alterations in mammalian glioma, as well as unique contributions of the tumor host to neoplastic processes. Notable differences were observed in gene expression patterns as well as related biological pathways and cell populations known to mediate key elements of glioma biology, including angiogenesis, immune evas...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Animal Science, 1995
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Circulation, Mar 10, 2015
Little is known regarding the transcriptional and epigenetic basis for atherogenesis and cardiova... more Little is known regarding the transcriptional and epigenetic basis for atherogenesis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Here we integrate transcriptomic (Illumina HumanHT-12 v4) and methylomic (Illumina 450K array) data from purified monocytes with concurrent CVD risk factors and measures of atherosclerosis - carotid plaque (CP) identified using ultrasound and coronary artery calcium (CAC), from 1,208 randomly selected participants (554 whites, 260 blacks, 394 Hispanics) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Association analysis was performed using linear and logistic regression, adjusting for demographics, technical covariates, and other known CVD risk factors. A false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 was used to control for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: We identified expression of two genes, ARID5B (a transcription factor) and PDLIM7, positively associated with both CP and CAC, and 17 additional genes associated with only CAC . We also identified 29 and seven differentially methylated CpGs associated with CP and CAC, respectively, including a CpG at ILVBL associated with both CP and CAC. Eleven of these atherosclerosis CpGs were also associated with cis-gene expression, including an ARID5B expression-associated methylation site (cg25953130, ARID5B intron) which overlapped a predicted strong enhancer, a transcription factor binding site (for EP300), and a DNase I hotspot (ENCODE and BLUEPRINT monocyte data). The inverse association between methylation of this ARID5B CpG and atherosclerosis (CP:p=4.3x10-7, FDR=0.01; CAC: p= 2.4x10-5, FDR=0.32) appeared to be mediated through ARID5B expression (CP: p=2.1x10-4, CAC: p=2.1 x10-3, using Structural Equation modeling with bootstrapping). Furthermore, many other known risk factors for CVD (age, ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes, HDL, and interleukin-6 levels) were also associated with ARID5B expression at genome-wide levels of significance. The ARID5B associations with atherosclerosis at gene expression and methylation levels together explain an additional 2.3% variability in CP above and beyond known CVD risk factors, and were consistent across age (< or ≥65 years), sex, race/ethnicity, CVD status, or statin use subgroups, as well as the independent sites of data collection. ARID5B expression was also positively associated with prevalent CVD (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The concurrent multi-omic profiling of atherogenic-related cells coupled with state-of-the-art measurements of atherosclerosis in a large, well-phenotyped, multi-ethnic cohort provide novel insights into the biomarkers and the potential molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. In particular, our data on ARID5B , taken together with previously reported experimental evidence for its role in promoting lipid accumulation and smooth muscle cell differentiation, strongly suggests an atherogenic role for this gene.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Dairy Science, 1993
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Dairy Science, 1990
The association of recessive genetic disorders with yield and type traits was investigated. The f... more The association of recessive genetic disorders with yield and type traits was investigated. The frequency of a defective gene could be increased by selection if it is positively associated with selected traits, despite efforts to reduce it. Genetic defects considered were weaver in Brown Swiss and rectovaginal constriction and limber leg in Jerseys. Data sets for linkage analysis consisted of 245 sons of 9 carrier sires, 1036 sons of 16 carrier sires, and 557 sons of 10 carrier sires, respectively. Weaver carrier sons had higher producing daughters than noncarrier sons within all 9 sire families. Weaver carrier cows have an advantage of 673.6 kg milk and 26.0 kg fat and a disadvantage in rear legs score, indicating that the condition may not be completely recessive. Carriers of the other defect genes have no advantage for milk production, are scored lower for pelvic angle, and limber leg carriers have more desirable udders. Estimates of defect gene frequencies in 264,000 Jersey cows show a decrease over time for rectovaginal constriction and limber leg; in 97,723 Brown Swiss cows, frequency of the weaver gene increased over time. Gene frequencies in daughters of the youngest sires were 5.48, 2.13, and 8.89%, respectively. Consistently higher yield evaluations of weaver carrier sons within each sire family, large advantage in production of weaver carrier cows, and increasing gene frequency over time indicate that a chromosome segment with major effect on yield is tightly linked to weaver in Brown Swiss.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Dairy Science, 1990
ABSTRACT
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Dairy Science, 1992
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Journal of Dairy Science, 1991
Additive and nonadditive genetic variances were estimated for cow fertility of Holsteins. Measure... more Additive and nonadditive genetic variances were estimated for cow fertility of Holsteins. Measures of fertility were first lactation days open and service period as recorded and with upper bounds of 150 and 91 d, respectively. Six million inseminations from the Raleigh, North Carolina Processing Center were used to form fertility records of 379,009 cows. Data were analyzed with a model accounting for all additive, dominance, and additive by additive covariances traced through sires and maternal grandsires. Variance components were estimated by the tilde-hat approximation to REML. Heritability in the narrow sense was 2% for days open and .8% for service period. Dominance and additive by additive variance as a percentage of phenotypic variation strongly depended on imposition of upper bounds. Heritabilities in the broad sense ranged from 2.2 to 6.6% and were at least twice as large as heritabilities in the narrow sense. Effect of 25% inbreeding was only around an additional 3 d open. Specific combining abilities among bulls were estimated as sums of dominance and additive by additive interactions removing effect of inbreeding depression. Differences between maximum and minimum estimates were in the order of twice the estimated standard deviation, ranging from 1.5 to 6.7 d. Effects of inbreeding and specific combining ability could be jointly considered in mating programs following sire selection.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Handbook of Statistical Genetics, 2004
In this chapter, we present statistical methods for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in out... more In this chapter, we present statistical methods for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in outbred or complex pedigrees. Such pedigrees exist primarily in livestock populations, also in human populations, and occasionally in experimental animal or plant populations. The main focus of this chapter is on linkage mapping, but methods for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and combined linkage/LD mapping are also outlined. The latter are very recent proposals and are at the time of writing less developed than linkage methods. We describe least-squares and maximum likelihood (ML) methods for estimating QTL effects, and variance components analysis by approximate (residual) ML for estimating QTL variance contributions. We describe Bayesian QTL mapping, its prior distributions and other distributional assumptions, its implementation via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, its inferences, and contrast it with frequentist methodology. Genotype sampling algorithms using genotypic peeling, allelic peeling, or descent graphs are described. Genotype samplers are a critical component of MCMC algorithms implementing ML and Bayesian analyses for complex pedigrees. Lastly, fine-mapping methods including chromosome dissection and linkage disequilibrium mapping using current and historical recombinations, respectively, are outlined, and initial method developments combining linkage disequilibrium and linkage are presented. Keywords: quantitative trait loci; pedigree analysis; Bayesian inference; variance components; residual maximum likelihood; outbred population; linkage mapping; linkage disequilibrium; Markov chain monte carlo; peeling; descent graph
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Analysis of Complex Disease Association Studies, 2011
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Gene Network Inference, 2013
In this chapter, the in silico systems genetics dataset, used as a benchmark in the rest of the b... more In this chapter, the in silico systems genetics dataset, used as a benchmark in the rest of the book, is described in detail, in particular regarding its simulation by SysGenSIM. Morever, the algorithms underlying the generation of the gene expression data and the genotype values are fully illustrated.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2005
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1993
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1996
A Bayesian approach to the statistical mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) using single mar... more A Bayesian approach to the statistical mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) using single markers was implemented via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Parameter estimators were marginal posterior means computed using a Gibbs sampler with data augmentation. Variables sampled included the augmented data (marker-QTL genotypes, polygenic effects), an indicator variable for linkage, and the parameters (allele frequency, QTL substitution effect, recombination rate, polygenic and residual variances). Several MCMC algorithms were derived for computing Bayesian tests of linkage, which consisted of the marginal posterior probability of linkage and the marginal likelihood of the QTL variance associated with the marker.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact