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Research paper thumbnail of The Particular and the Universal. Reflections on Knowledge Production, Human Diversity and Human Rights in Universal Design

Studies in health technology and informatics, Jun 22, 2023

This article discusses universal design as a concept and strategy in light of human diversity. In... more This article discusses universal design as a concept and strategy in light of human diversity. Inspired by the German-American philosopher Hannah Arendt, plurality is understood as a condition of humanity. From this recognition of human diversity, the term 'universal' is analysed, focusing on the ambivalences inherent in the concept. I argue that universal design, as a human rights concept, must respond to human plurality and avoid the ableist risk of excluding persons and groups of people, when implementing universal design strategies. Interdisciplinary knowledge, education and skills are important for the practice of universal design. According to Article 4 of the Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD), new research is needed to apply universal design strategies in different contexts. I then focus on disabling barriers in education and research. I conclude by arguing for developing a culture of access and embedding universal design strategies in disability research recognising the socio-cultural aspects and human plurality.

Research paper thumbnail of 6. The significance of relations. Rethinking autonomy in a disability perspective

Lived citizenship for persons in vulnerable life situations

Research paper thumbnail of Innledning: Religiøst medborgerskap

The introductory chapter gives an introduction to various aspects of religious citizenship. Drawi... more The introductory chapter gives an introduction to various aspects of religious citizenship. Drawing on an understanding of citizenship based on human rights, we present the UN documents and conventions that promote rights for persons with disabilities. We also present the most basic models of disability theorized within Disability Studies. Turning to the religious aspects of citizenship, we discuss important contributions from disability theology such as diversity as a gift given by God in creation, and images of God as a vulnerable, even disabled God through Christ’s incarnation. The World Council of Churches has contributed to a rights-based theological understanding of disability through the documents A Church of All and for All and The Gift of Being. These documents are introduced. The chapter also discusses diaconal perspectives on disability. We argue that the former diaconal practice of segregation, and the distinction between ‘able-bodied’ helper and disabled recipients of d...

Research paper thumbnail of Religiøst medborgerskap

Research paper thumbnail of Martha C. Nussbaums politiske teori om rettferdighet som bidrag til et teoretisk grunnlag for likeverd og medborgerskap

Research paper thumbnail of Funksjonshemming og menneskesyn

Research paper thumbnail of 1. Samproduksjon i forskning – hva er det, oghva innebærer det?

Samproduksjon i forskning, May 9, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Forestillinger om medborgerskap i lys av kjønn og funksjonsevne

Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning, Oct 6, 2017

This article discusses citizenship in a disability perspective. Today, the term citizen is unders... more This article discusses citizenship in a disability perspective. Today, the term citizen is understood as universal. All human beings are recognized as citizens with rights and duties. However, feminists have argued that the conception of citizen is heavily influenced by male stereotypes. Next, feminism has been criticized for not including disability as a dimension of the critique. Thus, the term citizenship must be reconsidered and reformulated in light of human plurality. In this article I discuss how citizenship can be understood as universal. I begin with a short historical overview of citizenship in a western contexts and then focus on gender and impairment/(dis)ability as categories. Next I unfold gender and (dis)ability as complex phenomena and identify two dilemmas in relation to the intersection of these categories, selective abortion and the need for care. In the last part of the article, I offer an understanding of universal citizenship inspired by Martha Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach. Care, support and accommodation for citizenship are crucial for practicing citizenship. I argue that citizenship as universal should be understood and practiced as relational. Citizens live in relations characterized by often asymmetrical interdependency.

Research paper thumbnail of 4. Involvering av personer med utviklingshemmingi forskningssirkler

Samproduksjon i forskning

Research paper thumbnail of Integrating Participatory Approaches in Research: Power, Dilemmas and Potentials

Diaconia

This article introduces and discusses participatory approaches in research as an epistemological ... more This article introduces and discusses participatory approaches in research as an epistemological and methodological contribution to research in general and more specifically to diaconal research. I outline characteristics of inclusive research and delve into the opportunities that participatory research offers interdisciplinary research. Next, I introduce and discuss ethical dilemmas that may arise with these inclusive approaches. Finally, I highlight how integrating participatory research approaches can transform diaconal research. I show how this transformation can take place through the codevelopment of new knowledge by citizens who are recognized as subjects of knowledge. The discussion is informed by an example from my own research, a historical study of the Christian diaconal practice for deaf persons with disabilities in a Norwegian context. Drawing on experiences from collaboration in this project, I discuss the spaces of action that researchers have when aiming at inclusion in their research. The article is a contribution to the development of methodological and epistemological issues in participatory research discourses.

Research paper thumbnail of Citizenship of persons with intellectual disabilities within the frame of inclusive research: A scoping review of studies to inform future research

Research paper thumbnail of From Institutionalisation to Citizenship: Lessons Learned from Studying Diaconal Practice in a Norwegian Context

Diaconia

This article is based upon a historical study of a Norwegian diaconal foundation working in the f... more This article is based upon a historical study of a Norwegian diaconal foundation working in the field of disability care and welfare services. The article discusses how the foundation understood their mission and responded to emerging integration policies in the context of a Scandinavian welfare state. The article starts out by positioning disability as a human rights concept, both internationally and in the Norwegian context. Martha Nussbaum’s theory of justice – the capabilities approach – is introduced and offered as a theoretical perspective for studying diaconal practice. Next, the historical study involving a Norwegian diaconal service provider working in the field of disability and deaf culture is introduced. The study is situated in both a disability and deaf culture context, since for the most part the service users are deaf and deafblind persons with impairment(s). User involvement and citizenship have emerged as important factors in the context of disability; the article ...

Research paper thumbnail of The experience of motivation and adherence to group-based exercise of Norwegians aged 80 and more: a qualitative study

Archives of Public Health

Background: Physical activity is crucial for public health; worldwide, across all age groups, exe... more Background: Physical activity is crucial for public health; worldwide, across all age groups, exercise has been recognised as a factor that leads to improved health. However, many people do not engage in regular physical activity and hence miss the opportunity to achieve these significant physical and mental health benefits. With the benefits of exercise in mind, the aim of the present study is to describe the experiences of older people's motivation for participating in and adhering to a group-based exercise intervention in a local community setting. Methods: A qualitative design was used in which semistructured interviews of three men and four women of an advanced age (81-92) were conducted; the participants described their experiences with their participation in and adherence to a long-term group exercise intervention programme in a community setting. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation and discussed in light of the salutogenetic theory. Results: Four main themes emerged from the data collection: (1) Experience of health challenges: A meaningful starting point; (2) Adherence motivated by increased life-manageability; (3) Comprehensibility through skilled instruction and (4) Social and professional support enhancing motivation. The participants; who had experienced negative changes to their health and function, as well as to their life situation, chose to sign up for the exercise groups and continued to participate throughout the entire intervention. Attending group exercise sessions meant positive changes to physical, mental and social functions enhancing the participants' motivation to sustain their attendance and leading to positive behavioural changes that were important to their everyday lives. Conclusion: Essential factors for these participants' decision to sign up for the exercise groups were the following: having important life areas connected to physical activity in their history and having belief in exercise as an effective way to restore function and coping; as well as having current experience of health challenges. Adherence to the group exercise was associated with better coping and the ability to fulfil roles and keep up with important life areas. Support from family, friends and professionals also contributed, both to the process of signing up, and adhering to this longterm intervention. The professionals' skills and the way the instructor tailored group instruction were emphasized as very important to the participants' adherence. Understanding of motivational factors for participation in and adherence to, exercise programmes is of great importance to older people, health professionals and society.

Research paper thumbnail of Engedal, Fagermoen og Sandsmark (red). 2015. Trosopplæring for alle? Læring, tro og sårbare unge

Prismet

Anmeldelse av boka Trosopplæring for alle? Læring, tro og sårbare unge. AvEngedal, Fagermoen og S... more Anmeldelse av boka Trosopplæring for alle? Læring, tro og sårbare unge. AvEngedal, Fagermoen og Sands­mark (red). Anmeldt av Inger Marie Lid

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges from the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Access to Theology and Church Practice in the Church of Norway

Journal of Disability & Religion

Research paper thumbnail of Implementing universal design in a Norwegian context: Balancing core values and practical priorities

Disability Studies Quarterly, 2016

&... more <p class="DefaultCxSpFirst">How can urban planning processes include perspectives from people with disabilities? This paper discusses the implementation of universal design (UD) and accessibility in a local urban context. Universal design consists of both core values, such as inclusion and equal status, and specific design initiatives, such as design of pavement surfaces and benches. The aim of implementing universal designing strategies is to achieve equal access for all citizens. </p><p class="DefaultCxSpMiddle">The paper interprets the urbanist Henri Lefebvre's notion of the <em>right to the city</em> as a right to participate in urban life and thus a dimension of equal citizenship on a very concrete level. The right to participate in urban life is closely linked to access to the built environment. Based on an empirical study of an urban redesign project, I argue that equal access must imply both access to public places and to political processes.</p>

Research paper thumbnail of (Dis)ability and the experience of accessibility in the urban environment

ALTER - European Journal of Disability Research / Revue Européenne de Recherche sur le Handicap, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability and disability: a citizenship perspective

Disability & Society, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Variasjoner i funksjonsevne som vilkår: En diskusjon av funksjonshemming og menneskesyn i lys av Martha Nussbaums politiske filosofi

Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift, Jun 4, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Hva kan man oppn� gjennom universell utforming? En unders�kelse av ulike sider ved begrepet

FORMakademisk, 2009

Strategien universell utforming står for noe nytt, fordi vekten legges på inkludering og likestil... more Strategien universell utforming står for noe nytt, fordi vekten legges på inkludering og likestilling. Fra å tilrettelegge for funksjonshemmede, skal planleggingen ta utgangspunkt i variasjoner i funksjonsevne og et stort menneskelig mangfold. Målet er å hindre diskriminering på grunn av nedsatt funksjonsevne. Begrepet universell utforming drøftes med utgangspunkt i offentlige dokumenter og ny norsk lovgivning, som lovfester nedbygging av funksjonshemmende barrierer. Funksjonshemming forstås i dag som en relasjon mellom individ og omgivelser. Universell utforming kan bidra til å skape inkluderende omgivelser med god tilgjengelighet, og dermed legge til rette for samfunnsdeltakelse. Artikkelen peker på behov for en innholdsbestemmelse som muliggjør evaluering av konkrete løsninger. Det er også nødvendig med mer teoretisk arbeid, og en kritisk tilnærming til hva det er mulig å opp­nå gjennom universell utforming.

Research paper thumbnail of The Particular and the Universal. Reflections on Knowledge Production, Human Diversity and Human Rights in Universal Design

Studies in health technology and informatics, Jun 22, 2023

This article discusses universal design as a concept and strategy in light of human diversity. In... more This article discusses universal design as a concept and strategy in light of human diversity. Inspired by the German-American philosopher Hannah Arendt, plurality is understood as a condition of humanity. From this recognition of human diversity, the term 'universal' is analysed, focusing on the ambivalences inherent in the concept. I argue that universal design, as a human rights concept, must respond to human plurality and avoid the ableist risk of excluding persons and groups of people, when implementing universal design strategies. Interdisciplinary knowledge, education and skills are important for the practice of universal design. According to Article 4 of the Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities (CRPD), new research is needed to apply universal design strategies in different contexts. I then focus on disabling barriers in education and research. I conclude by arguing for developing a culture of access and embedding universal design strategies in disability research recognising the socio-cultural aspects and human plurality.

Research paper thumbnail of 6. The significance of relations. Rethinking autonomy in a disability perspective

Lived citizenship for persons in vulnerable life situations

Research paper thumbnail of Innledning: Religiøst medborgerskap

The introductory chapter gives an introduction to various aspects of religious citizenship. Drawi... more The introductory chapter gives an introduction to various aspects of religious citizenship. Drawing on an understanding of citizenship based on human rights, we present the UN documents and conventions that promote rights for persons with disabilities. We also present the most basic models of disability theorized within Disability Studies. Turning to the religious aspects of citizenship, we discuss important contributions from disability theology such as diversity as a gift given by God in creation, and images of God as a vulnerable, even disabled God through Christ’s incarnation. The World Council of Churches has contributed to a rights-based theological understanding of disability through the documents A Church of All and for All and The Gift of Being. These documents are introduced. The chapter also discusses diaconal perspectives on disability. We argue that the former diaconal practice of segregation, and the distinction between ‘able-bodied’ helper and disabled recipients of d...

Research paper thumbnail of Religiøst medborgerskap

Research paper thumbnail of Martha C. Nussbaums politiske teori om rettferdighet som bidrag til et teoretisk grunnlag for likeverd og medborgerskap

Research paper thumbnail of Funksjonshemming og menneskesyn

Research paper thumbnail of 1. Samproduksjon i forskning – hva er det, oghva innebærer det?

Samproduksjon i forskning, May 9, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of Forestillinger om medborgerskap i lys av kjønn og funksjonsevne

Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning, Oct 6, 2017

This article discusses citizenship in a disability perspective. Today, the term citizen is unders... more This article discusses citizenship in a disability perspective. Today, the term citizen is understood as universal. All human beings are recognized as citizens with rights and duties. However, feminists have argued that the conception of citizen is heavily influenced by male stereotypes. Next, feminism has been criticized for not including disability as a dimension of the critique. Thus, the term citizenship must be reconsidered and reformulated in light of human plurality. In this article I discuss how citizenship can be understood as universal. I begin with a short historical overview of citizenship in a western contexts and then focus on gender and impairment/(dis)ability as categories. Next I unfold gender and (dis)ability as complex phenomena and identify two dilemmas in relation to the intersection of these categories, selective abortion and the need for care. In the last part of the article, I offer an understanding of universal citizenship inspired by Martha Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach. Care, support and accommodation for citizenship are crucial for practicing citizenship. I argue that citizenship as universal should be understood and practiced as relational. Citizens live in relations characterized by often asymmetrical interdependency.

Research paper thumbnail of 4. Involvering av personer med utviklingshemmingi forskningssirkler

Samproduksjon i forskning

Research paper thumbnail of Integrating Participatory Approaches in Research: Power, Dilemmas and Potentials

Diaconia

This article introduces and discusses participatory approaches in research as an epistemological ... more This article introduces and discusses participatory approaches in research as an epistemological and methodological contribution to research in general and more specifically to diaconal research. I outline characteristics of inclusive research and delve into the opportunities that participatory research offers interdisciplinary research. Next, I introduce and discuss ethical dilemmas that may arise with these inclusive approaches. Finally, I highlight how integrating participatory research approaches can transform diaconal research. I show how this transformation can take place through the codevelopment of new knowledge by citizens who are recognized as subjects of knowledge. The discussion is informed by an example from my own research, a historical study of the Christian diaconal practice for deaf persons with disabilities in a Norwegian context. Drawing on experiences from collaboration in this project, I discuss the spaces of action that researchers have when aiming at inclusion in their research. The article is a contribution to the development of methodological and epistemological issues in participatory research discourses.

Research paper thumbnail of Citizenship of persons with intellectual disabilities within the frame of inclusive research: A scoping review of studies to inform future research

Research paper thumbnail of From Institutionalisation to Citizenship: Lessons Learned from Studying Diaconal Practice in a Norwegian Context

Diaconia

This article is based upon a historical study of a Norwegian diaconal foundation working in the f... more This article is based upon a historical study of a Norwegian diaconal foundation working in the field of disability care and welfare services. The article discusses how the foundation understood their mission and responded to emerging integration policies in the context of a Scandinavian welfare state. The article starts out by positioning disability as a human rights concept, both internationally and in the Norwegian context. Martha Nussbaum’s theory of justice – the capabilities approach – is introduced and offered as a theoretical perspective for studying diaconal practice. Next, the historical study involving a Norwegian diaconal service provider working in the field of disability and deaf culture is introduced. The study is situated in both a disability and deaf culture context, since for the most part the service users are deaf and deafblind persons with impairment(s). User involvement and citizenship have emerged as important factors in the context of disability; the article ...

Research paper thumbnail of The experience of motivation and adherence to group-based exercise of Norwegians aged 80 and more: a qualitative study

Archives of Public Health

Background: Physical activity is crucial for public health; worldwide, across all age groups, exe... more Background: Physical activity is crucial for public health; worldwide, across all age groups, exercise has been recognised as a factor that leads to improved health. However, many people do not engage in regular physical activity and hence miss the opportunity to achieve these significant physical and mental health benefits. With the benefits of exercise in mind, the aim of the present study is to describe the experiences of older people's motivation for participating in and adhering to a group-based exercise intervention in a local community setting. Methods: A qualitative design was used in which semistructured interviews of three men and four women of an advanced age (81-92) were conducted; the participants described their experiences with their participation in and adherence to a long-term group exercise intervention programme in a community setting. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation and discussed in light of the salutogenetic theory. Results: Four main themes emerged from the data collection: (1) Experience of health challenges: A meaningful starting point; (2) Adherence motivated by increased life-manageability; (3) Comprehensibility through skilled instruction and (4) Social and professional support enhancing motivation. The participants; who had experienced negative changes to their health and function, as well as to their life situation, chose to sign up for the exercise groups and continued to participate throughout the entire intervention. Attending group exercise sessions meant positive changes to physical, mental and social functions enhancing the participants' motivation to sustain their attendance and leading to positive behavioural changes that were important to their everyday lives. Conclusion: Essential factors for these participants' decision to sign up for the exercise groups were the following: having important life areas connected to physical activity in their history and having belief in exercise as an effective way to restore function and coping; as well as having current experience of health challenges. Adherence to the group exercise was associated with better coping and the ability to fulfil roles and keep up with important life areas. Support from family, friends and professionals also contributed, both to the process of signing up, and adhering to this longterm intervention. The professionals' skills and the way the instructor tailored group instruction were emphasized as very important to the participants' adherence. Understanding of motivational factors for participation in and adherence to, exercise programmes is of great importance to older people, health professionals and society.

Research paper thumbnail of Engedal, Fagermoen og Sandsmark (red). 2015. Trosopplæring for alle? Læring, tro og sårbare unge

Prismet

Anmeldelse av boka Trosopplæring for alle? Læring, tro og sårbare unge. AvEngedal, Fagermoen og S... more Anmeldelse av boka Trosopplæring for alle? Læring, tro og sårbare unge. AvEngedal, Fagermoen og Sands­mark (red). Anmeldt av Inger Marie Lid

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges from the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Access to Theology and Church Practice in the Church of Norway

Journal of Disability & Religion

Research paper thumbnail of Implementing universal design in a Norwegian context: Balancing core values and practical priorities

Disability Studies Quarterly, 2016

&... more <p class="DefaultCxSpFirst">How can urban planning processes include perspectives from people with disabilities? This paper discusses the implementation of universal design (UD) and accessibility in a local urban context. Universal design consists of both core values, such as inclusion and equal status, and specific design initiatives, such as design of pavement surfaces and benches. The aim of implementing universal designing strategies is to achieve equal access for all citizens. </p><p class="DefaultCxSpMiddle">The paper interprets the urbanist Henri Lefebvre's notion of the <em>right to the city</em> as a right to participate in urban life and thus a dimension of equal citizenship on a very concrete level. The right to participate in urban life is closely linked to access to the built environment. Based on an empirical study of an urban redesign project, I argue that equal access must imply both access to public places and to political processes.</p>

Research paper thumbnail of (Dis)ability and the experience of accessibility in the urban environment

ALTER - European Journal of Disability Research / Revue Européenne de Recherche sur le Handicap, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Vulnerability and disability: a citizenship perspective

Disability & Society, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Variasjoner i funksjonsevne som vilkår: En diskusjon av funksjonshemming og menneskesyn i lys av Martha Nussbaums politiske filosofi

Norsk Filosofisk Tidsskrift, Jun 4, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Hva kan man oppn� gjennom universell utforming? En unders�kelse av ulike sider ved begrepet

FORMakademisk, 2009

Strategien universell utforming står for noe nytt, fordi vekten legges på inkludering og likestil... more Strategien universell utforming står for noe nytt, fordi vekten legges på inkludering og likestilling. Fra å tilrettelegge for funksjonshemmede, skal planleggingen ta utgangspunkt i variasjoner i funksjonsevne og et stort menneskelig mangfold. Målet er å hindre diskriminering på grunn av nedsatt funksjonsevne. Begrepet universell utforming drøftes med utgangspunkt i offentlige dokumenter og ny norsk lovgivning, som lovfester nedbygging av funksjonshemmende barrierer. Funksjonshemming forstås i dag som en relasjon mellom individ og omgivelser. Universell utforming kan bidra til å skape inkluderende omgivelser med god tilgjengelighet, og dermed legge til rette for samfunnsdeltakelse. Artikkelen peker på behov for en innholdsbestemmelse som muliggjør evaluering av konkrete løsninger. Det er også nødvendig med mer teoretisk arbeid, og en kritisk tilnærming til hva det er mulig å opp­nå gjennom universell utforming.