Ingrid Ulst - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ingrid Ulst
Kenneth Aitchison, Efthymia Alphas, Vera Ameels, Martin Bentz, Corina Borș, Elisa Cella, Kerri Cl... more Kenneth Aitchison, Efthymia Alphas, Vera Ameels, Martin Bentz, Corina Borș, Elisa Cella, Kerri Cleary, Claudia Costa, Paul Damian, Mariana Diniz, Cidalia Duarte, Jan Frolik, Carolina Grilo, Initiative for Heritage Conservancy, Nele Kangert, Raimund Karl, Anette Kjaerulf Andersen, Viire Kobrusepp, Tina Kompare, Eduard Krekovic, Miguel Lago da Silva, Andrew Lawler, Irena Lazar, Katheriin Liibert, Alexandra Lima, Gavin MacGregor, Niamh McCullagh, Michaela Macalova, Ain Maesalu, Magdalena Malinska, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Mārtiņs Mintaurs, Katharina Moller, Ulla Odgaard, Eva Parga-Dans, Doris Pavlov, Vesna Pintaric Kocuvan, Doug Rocks-Macqueen, Jette Rostock, Joao Pedro Tereso, Alessandro Pintucci, Elena S. Prokopiou, Jorge Raposo, Karin Scharringhausen, Tine Schenck, Marjo Schlaman, Jeanette Skaarup, Andris Snē, Danica Stassikova-Stukovska, Ingrid Ulst, Monique van den Dries, Heleen van Londen, Rocio Varela-Pousa, Catarina Viegas, Armands Vijups, Nathalie Vossen, Tobias Wachter & Ludwika ...
Balancing the rights of consumers and service providers in electronic retail lending in Estonia
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Käesoleva uurimuse eesmärgiks on ots... more Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Käesoleva uurimuse eesmärgiks on otsida kinnitust väidetele, et elektrooniliste laenudega seotud ettemaksukaartide pakkumisel säilib tarbijakaitse tase; et elektrooniliste tarbijalaenude reguleerimisel Eestis on tarbijakaitse ja ettevõtlusvabaduse tasakaalustamise peamisteks kitsaskohtadeks klientide tuvastamise nõuded ja krediidi kulukuse määrale ülempiiri seadmine; ja et krediidi kulukuse määra piiramine riivab ülemääraselt teenusepakkujate põhiseadusega kaitstud ettevõtlusvabadusõigust. Laenuga kombineeritud ettemaksukaarti peaks õiguslikult käsitlema kui e-raha. Elektrooniliste laenude muutmine veelgi innovaatilisemaks nende kombineerimise kaudu ettemaksukaartidega kätkeb endas täiendavaid riske, kuid kuna sellega kaasnevad ka täiendavad avalik-õiguslikud piirangud kaardi väljastajatele kui reguleeritud ettevõtjatele, siis tarbijakaitse tase ei halvene. Kliendi isiku tuvastamise nõuete osas vaadati kohustust tuvastada ...
List of Tables List of Graphs. Introduction Chapter 1 Financial Conglomeration: Economic and Lega... more List of Tables List of Graphs. Introduction Chapter 1 Financial Conglomeration: Economic and Legal Aspects 1.1. Nature and Features of Financial Conglomeration 1.2. Why Financial Conglomeration? 1.2.1. Developments of Conglomeration 1.2.2. Reasons for Conglomeration 1.2.2.1. Motives of Financial Institutions 1.2.2.2. Driving Forces of Conglomeration 1.2.2.3. Economics of Conglomeration 1.3. Risks and Safeguards of Financial Conglomeration. Chapter 2 Financial Conglomeration in the European Union 2.1. Banking in the European Union: Importance and Insurance Linkages of Largest Banks 2.2. Insurance in the European Union: Importance and Banking Linkages of Largest Insurance Undertakings 2.3. Major Banking-Insurance Groups in the European Union. Chapter 3 Financial Conglomerates of the European Union in the New Member States 3.1. Banking and Insurance Sectors in the New Member States 3.2. Presence and Importance of the European Union Banking-Insurance Groups in the New Member States 3.2....
Caseflow Management Handbook – Guide for Enhanced Court Administration in Civil Proceedings The a... more Caseflow Management Handbook – Guide for Enhanced Court Administration in Civil Proceedings The aim of the handbook is to provide a practical facilitation guide and source of ideas for improvement, as well as provide general analysis, guidelines and advices for carrying out improvement work in courts. The handbook focuses on civil proceedings. The handbook consists of five main chapters: • Legislative measures for timeliness in civil proceedings • Judicial case management • Performance management • Use of ICT in court proceedings • EU cross-border disputes. Each main chapter is divided to several improvement areas. Each of the improvement areas contains analysis and description of the general improvement needs, challenges and opportunities, as well as practical improvement examples from different European countries. More examples of European practices can be found from the site Inventory of Caseflow Management practices. The handbook is based on literature, interviews and expert wor...
Estonian Journal of Archaeology, Dec 1, 2010
Review of Central and East European Law, 2009
A prepaid card is a fairly new financial product that is part of the global innovations in financ... more A prepaid card is a fairly new financial product that is part of the global innovations in financial services of the last 10 years. Some non-bank financing companies (e.g., SMS loan providers) have further advanced this product by linking prepaid cards to retail loans, which entails more developed transaction schemes and technical solutions. This combination is seen as a practical solution that broadens the customer base of loan providers and improves consumer convenience. However, from a legal point of view, practicality often entails complexity.This article seeks to address some of the major legal features and positions with regard to the prepaid card and its combination with a retail loan. In doing so, it will review the position of a prepaid card and the status of the issuer within the existing legal framework in Estonia. It also seeks to explain how the idea of linking prepaid cards with retail loans is being carried in practical terms through a complex network of agreements. W...
Supervisors: Dr. iur Lasse Lehis (University of Tartu) Dr. iur Karin Sein (University of Tartu) O... more Supervisors: Dr. iur Lasse Lehis (University of Tartu) Dr. iur Karin Sein (University of Tartu) Opponent: Prof. Geraint ... authors. Among Estonian authors, Kalev Saare, KarinSein and Mari Ann Simovart are the major researchers in this field. ...
Review of Central and East European Law, 2010
In 2009, a legal limit to the annual percentage rate of charge (APRC) was established in Estonia.... more In 2009, a legal limit to the annual percentage rate of charge (APRC) was established in Estonia. The limit is 'soft' in its nature, allowing a lender to opt to exceed it; simultaneously, however, the burden of proof is placed on the lender who argues that such a lending transaction should not be declared void on the ground on the basis of being contrary to good morals. This article examines the legal function of the APRC limit and addresses the legal problems with regard to the nature and extent of the burden of proof; it also makes suggestions as to how lenders could comply with their legal obligation in respect of the burden of proof when engaging in their daily practice of electronic retail lending. The legal function of an APRC limit, which is linked to the market of consumer credit, is to reduce the willingness to conclude credit agreements in which mutual obligations are unreasonably out of balance. The author suggests that identifying the extent of the lender's b...
Estonian Journal of Archaeology, 2010
In recent years, several illegal excavations have taken place on the archaeological sites in Esto... more In recent years, several illegal excavations have taken place on the archaeological sites in Estonia. Yet, only a few cases have resulted in legal solutions and these have not unfortunately been positive from the perspective of the protection of archaeological heritage. This article addresses the issues related to the protection of archaeological finds and "black archaeology" in Estonia, aiming at evaluating, on the basis of three case studies of illegal excavations, the major problems of the protection of archaeological heritage with regard to legal regulation, ethical conflicts and economic interests. Although Estonian laws comply with international principles, applicable administrative capacity is the major concern. Next to regulating the use of metal detectors in Estonia, the measures influencing the market, the raising of public awareness and the enhancement of control mechanisms instead of more severe sanctioning could be considered as additional options.
AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology, 2017
The looting of archaeological heritage Last year, in addition to AP Journal Volume 2, JAS Arqueol... more The looting of archaeological heritage Last year, in addition to AP Journal Volume 2, JAS Arqueología also published a book in Spain about the looting of archaeological heritage: Indianas jones sin futuro (Indianas jones without future), by Ignacio Rodríguez Temiño. We then realised there was an urgent need to debate this issue more thoroughly at an international scale, to show how different things can be and try to find better strategies for the protection of archaeological heritage. While the forum was being designed, a special issue of Internet Archaeology on looting was published (Issue 33) and new projects started to emerge. This shows an increasing interest in these topics and opens the way for wider debates and perspectives. At first, we thought metal detecting was the main topic to be discussed. Then we started to realise it was just a small part of a wider problem: looting. This is how we decided to initiate a series of forums for the coming years, with a focus on different aspects of looting, and from different perspectives*.
Kenneth Aitchison, Efthymia Alphas, Vera Ameels, Martin Bentz, Corina Borș, Elisa Cella, Kerri Cl... more Kenneth Aitchison, Efthymia Alphas, Vera Ameels, Martin Bentz, Corina Borș, Elisa Cella, Kerri Cleary, Claudia Costa, Paul Damian, Mariana Diniz, Cidalia Duarte, Jan Frolik, Carolina Grilo, Initiative for Heritage Conservancy, Nele Kangert, Raimund Karl, Anette Kjaerulf Andersen, Viire Kobrusepp, Tina Kompare, Eduard Krekovic, Miguel Lago da Silva, Andrew Lawler, Irena Lazar, Katheriin Liibert, Alexandra Lima, Gavin MacGregor, Niamh McCullagh, Michaela Macalova, Ain Maesalu, Magdalena Malinska, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Mārtiņs Mintaurs, Katharina Moller, Ulla Odgaard, Eva Parga-Dans, Doris Pavlov, Vesna Pintaric Kocuvan, Doug Rocks-Macqueen, Jette Rostock, Joao Pedro Tereso, Alessandro Pintucci, Elena S. Prokopiou, Jorge Raposo, Karin Scharringhausen, Tine Schenck, Marjo Schlaman, Jeanette Skaarup, Andris Snē, Danica Stassikova-Stukovska, Ingrid Ulst, Monique van den Dries, Heleen van Londen, Rocio Varela-Pousa, Catarina Viegas, Armands Vijups, Nathalie Vossen, Tobias Wachter & Ludwika ...
Balancing the rights of consumers and service providers in electronic retail lending in Estonia
Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Käesoleva uurimuse eesmärgiks on ots... more Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsioone.Käesoleva uurimuse eesmärgiks on otsida kinnitust väidetele, et elektrooniliste laenudega seotud ettemaksukaartide pakkumisel säilib tarbijakaitse tase; et elektrooniliste tarbijalaenude reguleerimisel Eestis on tarbijakaitse ja ettevõtlusvabaduse tasakaalustamise peamisteks kitsaskohtadeks klientide tuvastamise nõuded ja krediidi kulukuse määrale ülempiiri seadmine; ja et krediidi kulukuse määra piiramine riivab ülemääraselt teenusepakkujate põhiseadusega kaitstud ettevõtlusvabadusõigust. Laenuga kombineeritud ettemaksukaarti peaks õiguslikult käsitlema kui e-raha. Elektrooniliste laenude muutmine veelgi innovaatilisemaks nende kombineerimise kaudu ettemaksukaartidega kätkeb endas täiendavaid riske, kuid kuna sellega kaasnevad ka täiendavad avalik-õiguslikud piirangud kaardi väljastajatele kui reguleeritud ettevõtjatele, siis tarbijakaitse tase ei halvene. Kliendi isiku tuvastamise nõuete osas vaadati kohustust tuvastada ...
List of Tables List of Graphs. Introduction Chapter 1 Financial Conglomeration: Economic and Lega... more List of Tables List of Graphs. Introduction Chapter 1 Financial Conglomeration: Economic and Legal Aspects 1.1. Nature and Features of Financial Conglomeration 1.2. Why Financial Conglomeration? 1.2.1. Developments of Conglomeration 1.2.2. Reasons for Conglomeration 1.2.2.1. Motives of Financial Institutions 1.2.2.2. Driving Forces of Conglomeration 1.2.2.3. Economics of Conglomeration 1.3. Risks and Safeguards of Financial Conglomeration. Chapter 2 Financial Conglomeration in the European Union 2.1. Banking in the European Union: Importance and Insurance Linkages of Largest Banks 2.2. Insurance in the European Union: Importance and Banking Linkages of Largest Insurance Undertakings 2.3. Major Banking-Insurance Groups in the European Union. Chapter 3 Financial Conglomerates of the European Union in the New Member States 3.1. Banking and Insurance Sectors in the New Member States 3.2. Presence and Importance of the European Union Banking-Insurance Groups in the New Member States 3.2....
Caseflow Management Handbook – Guide for Enhanced Court Administration in Civil Proceedings The a... more Caseflow Management Handbook – Guide for Enhanced Court Administration in Civil Proceedings The aim of the handbook is to provide a practical facilitation guide and source of ideas for improvement, as well as provide general analysis, guidelines and advices for carrying out improvement work in courts. The handbook focuses on civil proceedings. The handbook consists of five main chapters: • Legislative measures for timeliness in civil proceedings • Judicial case management • Performance management • Use of ICT in court proceedings • EU cross-border disputes. Each main chapter is divided to several improvement areas. Each of the improvement areas contains analysis and description of the general improvement needs, challenges and opportunities, as well as practical improvement examples from different European countries. More examples of European practices can be found from the site Inventory of Caseflow Management practices. The handbook is based on literature, interviews and expert wor...
Estonian Journal of Archaeology, Dec 1, 2010
Review of Central and East European Law, 2009
A prepaid card is a fairly new financial product that is part of the global innovations in financ... more A prepaid card is a fairly new financial product that is part of the global innovations in financial services of the last 10 years. Some non-bank financing companies (e.g., SMS loan providers) have further advanced this product by linking prepaid cards to retail loans, which entails more developed transaction schemes and technical solutions. This combination is seen as a practical solution that broadens the customer base of loan providers and improves consumer convenience. However, from a legal point of view, practicality often entails complexity.This article seeks to address some of the major legal features and positions with regard to the prepaid card and its combination with a retail loan. In doing so, it will review the position of a prepaid card and the status of the issuer within the existing legal framework in Estonia. It also seeks to explain how the idea of linking prepaid cards with retail loans is being carried in practical terms through a complex network of agreements. W...
Supervisors: Dr. iur Lasse Lehis (University of Tartu) Dr. iur Karin Sein (University of Tartu) O... more Supervisors: Dr. iur Lasse Lehis (University of Tartu) Dr. iur Karin Sein (University of Tartu) Opponent: Prof. Geraint ... authors. Among Estonian authors, Kalev Saare, KarinSein and Mari Ann Simovart are the major researchers in this field. ...
Review of Central and East European Law, 2010
In 2009, a legal limit to the annual percentage rate of charge (APRC) was established in Estonia.... more In 2009, a legal limit to the annual percentage rate of charge (APRC) was established in Estonia. The limit is 'soft' in its nature, allowing a lender to opt to exceed it; simultaneously, however, the burden of proof is placed on the lender who argues that such a lending transaction should not be declared void on the ground on the basis of being contrary to good morals. This article examines the legal function of the APRC limit and addresses the legal problems with regard to the nature and extent of the burden of proof; it also makes suggestions as to how lenders could comply with their legal obligation in respect of the burden of proof when engaging in their daily practice of electronic retail lending. The legal function of an APRC limit, which is linked to the market of consumer credit, is to reduce the willingness to conclude credit agreements in which mutual obligations are unreasonably out of balance. The author suggests that identifying the extent of the lender's b...
Estonian Journal of Archaeology, 2010
In recent years, several illegal excavations have taken place on the archaeological sites in Esto... more In recent years, several illegal excavations have taken place on the archaeological sites in Estonia. Yet, only a few cases have resulted in legal solutions and these have not unfortunately been positive from the perspective of the protection of archaeological heritage. This article addresses the issues related to the protection of archaeological finds and "black archaeology" in Estonia, aiming at evaluating, on the basis of three case studies of illegal excavations, the major problems of the protection of archaeological heritage with regard to legal regulation, ethical conflicts and economic interests. Although Estonian laws comply with international principles, applicable administrative capacity is the major concern. Next to regulating the use of metal detectors in Estonia, the measures influencing the market, the raising of public awareness and the enhancement of control mechanisms instead of more severe sanctioning could be considered as additional options.
AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology, 2017
The looting of archaeological heritage Last year, in addition to AP Journal Volume 2, JAS Arqueol... more The looting of archaeological heritage Last year, in addition to AP Journal Volume 2, JAS Arqueología also published a book in Spain about the looting of archaeological heritage: Indianas jones sin futuro (Indianas jones without future), by Ignacio Rodríguez Temiño. We then realised there was an urgent need to debate this issue more thoroughly at an international scale, to show how different things can be and try to find better strategies for the protection of archaeological heritage. While the forum was being designed, a special issue of Internet Archaeology on looting was published (Issue 33) and new projects started to emerge. This shows an increasing interest in these topics and opens the way for wider debates and perspectives. At first, we thought metal detecting was the main topic to be discussed. Then we started to realise it was just a small part of a wider problem: looting. This is how we decided to initiate a series of forums for the coming years, with a focus on different aspects of looting, and from different perspectives*.