Ingunn Modahl - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ingunn Modahl

Research paper thumbnail of Water purification plant

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental assessment of amine-based carbon capture Scenario modelling with life cycle assessment (LCA)

Research paper thumbnail of Correction to: Environmental performance of insect protein: a case of LCA results for fish feed produced in Norway

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental performance of insect protein: a case of LCA results for fish feed produced in Norway

SN Applied Sciences

In this article, life cycle assessments for six insect protein production cases are examined, and... more In this article, life cycle assessments for six insect protein production cases are examined, and their life cycle inventories are systematically combined to create consistent data and results for the environmental performance of insect protein. The LCAs are on mealworms farmed in the Netherlands or France, fed on cereals or vegetable waste food and brewery side stream (four cases); and black soldier fly larvae farmed in Germany, fed on brewery side stream or brewery side stream with vegetable waste (two cases). The focus is on those insect proteins which can be utilised as fish feed with use in Norway as an example. Special attention is paid to obtain consistent system boundaries, method choices, background data, and indicators. The results show that the insect diet is crucial for all the analysed environmental indicators for insects fed a diet of high economic value vegetables. Emissions from the utilisation of insect manure for biogas, fertilisers or similar, and direct insect gr...

Research paper thumbnail of Forbedrede metoder for utvikling og forvaltning av energi- og vannressurser

Research paper thumbnail of Water purification plant

Research paper thumbnail of LCA of CCS and CCU compared with no capture: How should multi-functional systems be analysed?

E3S Web of Conferences

CCS (carbon capture and storage) is a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and... more CCS (carbon capture and storage) is a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and subsequently storing the CO2, while CCU (carbon capture and utilisation) is a way of recycling the carbon in the captured CO2 by converting it into new products. CCS aims at improving the results for one environmental indicator while CCU represents a multi-functional system. It is therefore crucial, when comparing CCU with CCS or no capture, that more than one indicator is used. Also vital is the need to establish relevant system boundaries and to define a joint functional unit, so as to create a robust decision basis for the selection of the environmentally preferable option.

Research paper thumbnail of How methodological issues affect the energy indicator results for different electricity generation technologies

Energy Policy, 2013

The aim of this paper is to improve the basis for the comparison of energy products. The paper wi... more The aim of this paper is to improve the basis for the comparison of energy products. The paper will discuss important methodological issues with regard to various energy indicators and it will, by means of a few selected energy indicators, show examples of results for hydropower, wind power and electricity from biomass, gas and coal. Lastly it will suggest methods to achieve results which are more consistent when comparing electricity production technologies.

Research paper thumbnail of Local non-food yeast protein in pig production - environmental impacts and land use efficiency

Research paper thumbnail of The life-cycle water footprint of two hydropower projects in Norway

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Onshore testing of produced water by electroflocculation

Filtration & Separation, 1997

ABSTRACT The paper presents the activities and results of work done at the Elf Aquitance Producti... more ABSTRACT The paper presents the activities and results of work done at the Elf Aquitance Production Research Centre in Pau, France. The research objectives were to test and to determine the optimal running conditions for a 1 m3/h electroflocculation pilot plant with produced water and drainage water. In addition, the limits for acceptable performance were investigated. The following results were obtained. With North Sea condensate, the separation efficiency for saturated hydrocarbons was 98.8%, aromatics 97.8%, and polar components 95.8%. The total separation was 98.4%. The energy consumption decreased from 9 to 1.5 kWh/m3 when the conductivity increased from 60 to 4800 mS/m. The outlet oil concentration was not influenced by the change in conductivity. The addition of deemulsifier, corrosion inhibitor and scale inhibitor did not have any influence on the efficiency.

Research paper thumbnail of How methodological issues affect the energy indicator results for different electricity generation technologies

Energy Policy, 2013

The aim of this paper is to improve the basis for the comparison of energy products. The paper wi... more The aim of this paper is to improve the basis for the comparison of energy products. The paper will discuss important methodological issues with regard to various energy indicators and it will, by means of a few selected energy indicators, show examples of results for hydropower, wind power and electricity from biomass, gas and coal. Lastly it will suggest methods to achieve results which are more consistent when comparing electricity production technologies.

Research paper thumbnail of The BioValueChain model: a Norwegian model for calculating environmental impacts of biogas value chains

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Life cycle assessment of microfibrillated cellulose from spruce

Research paper thumbnail of LCA as an ecodesign tool for production of electricity, including carbon capture and storage-a study of a gas power plant case with post-combustion CO2 capture at Tjeldbergodden

Statoil has worked for many years to develop technology and processes to meet the climate challen... more Statoil has worked for many years to develop technology and processes to meet the climate challenge associated with extraction and use of fossil-based energy carriers. The debate regarding CO2 capture, transport and storage has mainly focused on technology and economy, and a complete environmental analysis for a Norwegian case has not been available. This is why Statoil in 2006 decided to make a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a possible future Tjeldbergodden gas power plant case, including CO2 capture, transport and storage (CCS). The project started in spring 2007, and in Phase I, two different gas power plant scenarios were compared. In Phase II, which started in September 2008, several additional scenarios have been analysed.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of recycling and incineration of PET bottles

Research paper thumbnail of Cumulative Energy Demand How Valid and Comprehensive Are Our Ced Practice Today

Research paper thumbnail of The Importance of Data Specificity in Climate Accounting of Waste Management Systems

Documenting and optimising municipal waste handling and management activities in the environmenta... more Documenting and optimising municipal waste handling and management activities in the environmental impact perspective requires reliable input data in which stakeholders can have confidence. LCA methodology for such analyses is well established, however the parameterization of LCA models often requires time-consuming and costly data-gathering. This partly depends on the perceived need for locally gathered data, specific to the system in question. This paper examines ways in which parts of this onerous exercise might be avoided for plastic packaging, and the implications of doing so. The study has shown that, for GWP, material recycling is better than energy recovery for all the investigated plastic packaging treatment cases. It seems unlikely that local conditions can alter this conclusion.

Research paper thumbnail of Does “green power” purchase affect Carbon footprints?

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental impacts of ethanol from a Norwegian wood-based biorefinery

Borregaard owns and operates a highly advanced biorefinery in Sarpsborg/Norway, and has a long hi... more Borregaard owns and operates a highly advanced biorefinery in Sarpsborg/Norway, and has a long history in producing products from renewable sources. To be able to improve and document the products environmentally, LCA‟s and EPD‟s of Borregaard‟s main products have been made. This paper describes the results and conclusions from the analysis of ethanol. A complex process model has been made, as the processes are closely integrated and the products are mutually dependent on each other due to use of co-products and energy in the internal loops. The results for several environmental impact indicators are shown. The results show that reducing the energy use at Borregaard will to a large extent affect all the impact categories in a positive way, with the eutrophication potential being the only exception. Generation and use of energy are the sources for most of the burdens along the value chain of ethanol from the Borregaard biorefinery.

Research paper thumbnail of Water purification plant

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental assessment of amine-based carbon capture Scenario modelling with life cycle assessment (LCA)

Research paper thumbnail of Correction to: Environmental performance of insect protein: a case of LCA results for fish feed produced in Norway

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental performance of insect protein: a case of LCA results for fish feed produced in Norway

SN Applied Sciences

In this article, life cycle assessments for six insect protein production cases are examined, and... more In this article, life cycle assessments for six insect protein production cases are examined, and their life cycle inventories are systematically combined to create consistent data and results for the environmental performance of insect protein. The LCAs are on mealworms farmed in the Netherlands or France, fed on cereals or vegetable waste food and brewery side stream (four cases); and black soldier fly larvae farmed in Germany, fed on brewery side stream or brewery side stream with vegetable waste (two cases). The focus is on those insect proteins which can be utilised as fish feed with use in Norway as an example. Special attention is paid to obtain consistent system boundaries, method choices, background data, and indicators. The results show that the insect diet is crucial for all the analysed environmental indicators for insects fed a diet of high economic value vegetables. Emissions from the utilisation of insect manure for biogas, fertilisers or similar, and direct insect gr...

Research paper thumbnail of Forbedrede metoder for utvikling og forvaltning av energi- og vannressurser

Research paper thumbnail of Water purification plant

Research paper thumbnail of LCA of CCS and CCU compared with no capture: How should multi-functional systems be analysed?

E3S Web of Conferences

CCS (carbon capture and storage) is a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and... more CCS (carbon capture and storage) is a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by capturing and subsequently storing the CO2, while CCU (carbon capture and utilisation) is a way of recycling the carbon in the captured CO2 by converting it into new products. CCS aims at improving the results for one environmental indicator while CCU represents a multi-functional system. It is therefore crucial, when comparing CCU with CCS or no capture, that more than one indicator is used. Also vital is the need to establish relevant system boundaries and to define a joint functional unit, so as to create a robust decision basis for the selection of the environmentally preferable option.

Research paper thumbnail of How methodological issues affect the energy indicator results for different electricity generation technologies

Energy Policy, 2013

The aim of this paper is to improve the basis for the comparison of energy products. The paper wi... more The aim of this paper is to improve the basis for the comparison of energy products. The paper will discuss important methodological issues with regard to various energy indicators and it will, by means of a few selected energy indicators, show examples of results for hydropower, wind power and electricity from biomass, gas and coal. Lastly it will suggest methods to achieve results which are more consistent when comparing electricity production technologies.

Research paper thumbnail of Local non-food yeast protein in pig production - environmental impacts and land use efficiency

Research paper thumbnail of The life-cycle water footprint of two hydropower projects in Norway

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Onshore testing of produced water by electroflocculation

Filtration & Separation, 1997

ABSTRACT The paper presents the activities and results of work done at the Elf Aquitance Producti... more ABSTRACT The paper presents the activities and results of work done at the Elf Aquitance Production Research Centre in Pau, France. The research objectives were to test and to determine the optimal running conditions for a 1 m3/h electroflocculation pilot plant with produced water and drainage water. In addition, the limits for acceptable performance were investigated. The following results were obtained. With North Sea condensate, the separation efficiency for saturated hydrocarbons was 98.8%, aromatics 97.8%, and polar components 95.8%. The total separation was 98.4%. The energy consumption decreased from 9 to 1.5 kWh/m3 when the conductivity increased from 60 to 4800 mS/m. The outlet oil concentration was not influenced by the change in conductivity. The addition of deemulsifier, corrosion inhibitor and scale inhibitor did not have any influence on the efficiency.

Research paper thumbnail of How methodological issues affect the energy indicator results for different electricity generation technologies

Energy Policy, 2013

The aim of this paper is to improve the basis for the comparison of energy products. The paper wi... more The aim of this paper is to improve the basis for the comparison of energy products. The paper will discuss important methodological issues with regard to various energy indicators and it will, by means of a few selected energy indicators, show examples of results for hydropower, wind power and electricity from biomass, gas and coal. Lastly it will suggest methods to achieve results which are more consistent when comparing electricity production technologies.

Research paper thumbnail of The BioValueChain model: a Norwegian model for calculating environmental impacts of biogas value chains

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Life cycle assessment of microfibrillated cellulose from spruce

Research paper thumbnail of LCA as an ecodesign tool for production of electricity, including carbon capture and storage-a study of a gas power plant case with post-combustion CO2 capture at Tjeldbergodden

Statoil has worked for many years to develop technology and processes to meet the climate challen... more Statoil has worked for many years to develop technology and processes to meet the climate challenge associated with extraction and use of fossil-based energy carriers. The debate regarding CO2 capture, transport and storage has mainly focused on technology and economy, and a complete environmental analysis for a Norwegian case has not been available. This is why Statoil in 2006 decided to make a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of a possible future Tjeldbergodden gas power plant case, including CO2 capture, transport and storage (CCS). The project started in spring 2007, and in Phase I, two different gas power plant scenarios were compared. In Phase II, which started in September 2008, several additional scenarios have been analysed.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of recycling and incineration of PET bottles

Research paper thumbnail of Cumulative Energy Demand How Valid and Comprehensive Are Our Ced Practice Today

Research paper thumbnail of The Importance of Data Specificity in Climate Accounting of Waste Management Systems

Documenting and optimising municipal waste handling and management activities in the environmenta... more Documenting and optimising municipal waste handling and management activities in the environmental impact perspective requires reliable input data in which stakeholders can have confidence. LCA methodology for such analyses is well established, however the parameterization of LCA models often requires time-consuming and costly data-gathering. This partly depends on the perceived need for locally gathered data, specific to the system in question. This paper examines ways in which parts of this onerous exercise might be avoided for plastic packaging, and the implications of doing so. The study has shown that, for GWP, material recycling is better than energy recovery for all the investigated plastic packaging treatment cases. It seems unlikely that local conditions can alter this conclusion.

Research paper thumbnail of Does “green power” purchase affect Carbon footprints?

Research paper thumbnail of Environmental impacts of ethanol from a Norwegian wood-based biorefinery

Borregaard owns and operates a highly advanced biorefinery in Sarpsborg/Norway, and has a long hi... more Borregaard owns and operates a highly advanced biorefinery in Sarpsborg/Norway, and has a long history in producing products from renewable sources. To be able to improve and document the products environmentally, LCA‟s and EPD‟s of Borregaard‟s main products have been made. This paper describes the results and conclusions from the analysis of ethanol. A complex process model has been made, as the processes are closely integrated and the products are mutually dependent on each other due to use of co-products and energy in the internal loops. The results for several environmental impact indicators are shown. The results show that reducing the energy use at Borregaard will to a large extent affect all the impact categories in a positive way, with the eutrophication potential being the only exception. Generation and use of energy are the sources for most of the burdens along the value chain of ethanol from the Borregaard biorefinery.