International Journal of Biological Innovations (original) (raw)

Papers by International Journal of Biological Innovations

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

This research studied the bacterial and fungal microbial ecologies on dichlorvos-treated carrions... more This research studied the bacterial and fungal microbial ecologies on dichlorvos-treated carrions and their effects on post-mortem microbial clock for post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation during death investigations. Carrion-soil, skin, oral and rectal samples were aseptically collected, cultured and microbes isolated from both dichlorvos-treated and control pig (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus) carrions at the fresh, early and advanced stages of decomposition. The microbes were morphologically identified using microscopy and biochemical characteristics of catalase, oxidase, indole and citrate utilization. A total of seven bacterial species (Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp., Clostridium sp. and Enterococcus sp.) and two fungal species (Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp.) were isolated and identified from both carrion groups. Lesser microbial community abundance of 26 (46.43%) was recorded from the dichlorvos-treated carrions when compared with the control carrions with higher abundance of 30 (53.57 %). Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus sp. were the dominant bacteria and fungi from the dichlorvos-treated and control carrions respectively. Also, there was more microbial fauna abundance from the carrion soil samples of both carrion groups. The study provided good comparative information between the microbiome identities and successions on dichlorvostreated and control carrions that can aid the resolution of medico-legal cases.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Prior research indicates that chitosan membranes exhibit a highly rigid and non-porous morphology... more Prior research indicates that chitosan membranes exhibit a highly rigid and non-porous morphology, limiting their utility in filtration applications. To enhance the performance characteristics of chitosan membranes, modification strategies are necessary. Incorporation of amorphous silica into chitosan membranes presents a potential solution to address deficiencies in their physical and mechanical attributes. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the impact of amorphous silica content on the physicochemical properties of chitosan-silica composite membranes derived from rice husk (RH) by acid hydrolysis. Acid treatment routes produce amorphous silica particles with high purity and more controlled structural properties as compared to other routes like open burning. The membranes were characterized for their morphological, functional group and thermal properties, ensuring their suitability for the purification process. The experimental setup involved the filtration of used cooking oil through the silica-chitosan membrane, targeting the removal of contaminants such as free fatty acid, water, and particulate matter. The results show a substantial reduction in impurity content. This study contributes to the development of sustainable and cost-effective methods for purifying waste cooking oil, making it a viable feedstock for biodiesel production.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Fungi have an important role in the biodegradation of monuments made of stone. The effect of fung... more Fungi have an important role in the biodegradation of monuments made of stone. The effect of fungi in the degradation of different types of stone has been widely investigated and demonstrated. Fungi can provide bio-protection for stone surfaces, act as a barrier against weathering, retain moisture, increase waterproofing, reduce thermal stress and corrosion, and absorb pollutants. Nevertheless, the evaluation of biodegradation versus bio-preservation cannot be generalized, as it may vary according to the behavior of different species, as well as that degradation may be influenced by both the lithotype and the environment. In addition to laboratory studies, more field studies of biological communities are needed, in order to analyze their establishment and succession under natural conditions and after conservation treatments. To guarantee the best decision for stone conservation, cleaning operations should not be based on a generalized approach, but on a careful evaluation of different aspects related to biodegradation and bio-preservation. In this research article, authors attempted to discuss the fungal degradation of the stone monuments i.e. Queen's mosque and Tomb at Sarangpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat State and the role of said various fungi in the degradation based on a study jointly conducted by chemists from the Science Branch of Archaeological Survey of India, Vadodara and scientists from the

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Brattnevet Peninsula of Larsemann Hills is situated in between the Grovnes and Stinear Peninsula ... more Brattnevet Peninsula of Larsemann Hills is situated in between the Grovnes and Stinear Peninsula and below the Fisher Island. It comprises water bodies, metamorphosed acidic rocks, and sedimentary rocks. Human activities in this area is promoted by the coastal location, ice free landscape, the further scientific research and the potential for tourist visits may affect the cyanoprokaryotes and algal diversity. The Antarctic environment is highly sensitive and susceptible to the impact of human activities and has much less natural ability to recover from disturbance than the environment of other continents. These changes ultimately affect the growth and diversity of cyanoprokaryotes and algae. Samples were sampled from diverse habitat of Brattnevet Peninsula. Altogether 06 species including Cyanoprokaryotes (03), Bacillariophyceae (02) and Zygnematophyceae (01) were recorded from diverse habitat of Brattnevet Peninsula of Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. This is the first Indian study report of cyanoprokaryotes and algae of Brattnevet Peninsula of Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. All the species reported for the first time as new record from this area.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

NAD (P) H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an enzyme that reduces cellular oxidative stress by... more NAD (P) H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an enzyme that reduces cellular oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. Variant NQO1 enzyme role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility is controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess NQO1 C609T polymorphism as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The authors performed a metaanalysis from published case-control studies that examined the association between C609T polymorphism and AD (735 cases and 828 controls). The pooled Odd Ratios (OR) was estimated by both fixed effects and random effects models. The meta-analysis with random effects model showed that there was 38% heterogeneity between five included studies. The random effect pooled OR is 1.38 (95% CI; 1-14 to 1.66) and Cochran Q was 6.45 (df = 4). The results of present meta-analysis showed that NQO1 gene C609T polymorphism is a risk factor for AD pathogenesis.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Air pollution is having a high concentration of pollutants in the air that can be harmful to peop... more Air pollution is having a high concentration of pollutants in the air that can be harmful to people, animals, plants, or structures. It poses a significant risk to the health of people everywhere in the world. Individuals with chronic cardiovascular disorders, the elderly and small children are most vulnerable to the negative health impact due to dust, smoke, and polluted air. Exposure to dust has been linked to both infectious and non-infectious disorders. Influenza infectious disorders linked to dust include viruses, bacterial pneumonia, meningococcal meningitis, and pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Contaminated air exposure has been linked to non-infectious disorders such as lung fibrosis, asthma, sarcoidosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present understanding of how ambient air pollution affects the respiratory system is investigated with relation to the health of the lung.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

The article deals with the record of aphidophagous lacewings (Neuroptera) in India. Data reveals ... more The article deals with the record of aphidophagous lacewings (Neuroptera) in India. Data reveals 32 species of lacewings are aphidophagous in India belonging to 4 families, Chrysopidae being the largest one comprising 24 species under 11 genera followed by Hemerobiidae (6 species in 2 genera) and Dilaridae and Coniopterygidae (one species each) preying on 68 species of aphids belonging to 37 genera associated with 107 species of plants distributed in 23 states/union territories of India. A maximum of 24 species were recorded from Uttarakhand followed by 9 species each from Karnataka and West Bengal, 6 species from Himachal Pradesh, 5 species from Maharashtra, and less than 5 species were recorded from other states/union territories. Out of 32 species of aphidophagous lacewings recorded from India, only Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen, 1935) is considerably widely distributed in 21 states/union territories preying on 42 species of aphids infesting 76 species of plants, mostly crops followed by Micromus timidus Hagen, 1853 which preys on 17 species of aphids infesting 23 food plants distributed in 11 states/union territories of India. Hence, extensive surveys for these lacewings are required throughout the country particularly in agroecosystem to establish their relationship with aphid preys on different crops.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Climate change can influence insect outbreaks in various ways. Warmer temperatures can accelerate... more Climate change can influence insect outbreaks in various ways. Warmer temperatures can accelerate insect development and reproduction rates, leading to population booms. Increasing temperature, rising CO concentration and the change in rainfall are favourable 2 conditions for pest outbreaks. These lead to changes in insect diversity, abundance, population growth rate and biotic interactions resulting in more severe economic losses in agriculture. In addition to biological control techniques, under such sudden weather and climatic fluctuations, the effectiveness of chemical control would also be in doubt in future IPM programmes.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Tribolium castaneum commonly called Red flour beetle is a widely distributed stored grain pest. T... more Tribolium castaneum commonly called Red flour beetle is a widely distributed stored grain pest. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of five medicinal plant extracts against T. castaneum under laboratory conditions. Five doses in five replications for each of the plant powder were prepared by mixing them with flour inside plastic jars. Ten pairs of adult beetles were placed inside each jar and mortality was recorded. Feeding deterrent index (FDI) was calculated. At the 4th day (96 hours after treatment) maximum mortality is seen in case Murraya koenigii followed by Mentha spicata, Justicia adhatoda, Centella asiatica, Hygrophila polysperma. The ANOVA result revealed that the ethanol extract of Murraya koenigiii is the most toxic against the pest in comparison to other plant extracts.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

This study was aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds present in extracts from Tagetes ere... more This study was aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds present in extracts from Tagetes erecta (flower) and Tridax procumbens (whole plant). The air-dried plant parts were powdered and extracted using ethanol. The extracts were then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis revealed the presence of 36 compounds in the ethanolic extract of Tagetes erecta and 31 compounds in Tridax procumbens. Ten compounds (Stigmasterol, alpha-Amyrin, Tetradecanoic acid (Myristic acid), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z)-(Linolenic acid), Ethyl tridecanoate (Tridecanoic acid), dl-alpha-Tocopherol, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (Quercetin) and Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy were identified commonly in both plant ethanolic extract. Some of these compounds have been reported to be pharmacologically active. Based on these findings, and considering that plants are commonly used to prevent or treat various diseases, it is clear that these plants contain many active compounds. These compounds could be utilized in developing plant-based drugs.

Glocal Environment & Social Association , 2024

The International Journal of Biological Innovations (IJBI) is an official publication of the Gloc... more The International Journal of Biological Innovations (IJBI) is an official publication of the Glocal Environment & Social Association (GESA). The IJBI is a peer-reviewed, refereed, multi-indexed, open access and online journal. It aims to disseminate the scientific research, recent biological innovations and to provide the most complete as well as reliable source of information on current developments in the field. The IJBI plays an important role in global academia by encouraging research, fostering knowledge and promoting new dimensions/developments in the areas related to biological sciences.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Medicinal herbs have been utilized since the Vedic period. Approximately 75% of people in rural a... more Medicinal herbs have been utilized since the Vedic period. Approximately 75% of people in rural areas of Bangladesh utilize traditional medicines in some capacity. Bangladesh is the home to over 10,000 different varieties of medicinal plants. The use of herbal and ayurvedic medicines predates humankind. There is substantial evidence of the historical relationship between man and his hunt for pharmaceuticals in nature, including written records, surviving monuments, and even the first plant medicines. The use of plants as a source of research in the search for active compounds for medicine has been proven to have a significant scientific output. An analysis of the scientific literature indexed in various databases concerning medicinal plants clearly shows that in the last 20 years, progress has been rapid, with a peak in the last century. Although there is a vast list of beneficial plant species for humans, this review article attempted to concentrate on describing the traditional medical applications of a few chosen plant species in Bangladesh.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Aquatic ecosystem has a vast diversity of micro-eukaryotes (rotifers, crustaceans and protists), ... more Aquatic ecosystem has a vast diversity of micro-eukaryotes (rotifers, crustaceans and protists), and such diverse taxonomic groups play important roles in ecosystem functioning and services. Farming organisms such as fish receive nutrients other than minerals by taking food. In nature, most organisms survive by consuming live food such as plankton from the environment. Zooplankton are of great importance and basically essential in fish culture. The present work is carried out for the assessment of plankton diversity of Godavari river water in Mudgal dam area for a period of one year starting from March, 2019 to February, 2020. The zooplankton serves as a food for other higher organisms. During the exploration, authors recorded four groups of zooplankton namely Rotifera with 7 species, Cladocera with 5 species, Copepoda 3 species and Ostracoda 2 species.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

The origin and distribution of arsenic is mainly geogenic but anthropogenic activities can also l... more The origin and distribution of arsenic is mainly geogenic but anthropogenic activities can also lead to arsenic contamination across various environments. Although arsenic contamination in natural systems is often too low to cause mortality but it is sufficient to interfere with normal functioning of the body. Continuous exposure of freshwater organisms including fish to low concentrations of arsenic may result in bioaccumulation in which liver and kidney having high accumulation in most of the cases, altering growth, haematological and biochemical parameters as well as many physiological and biochemical activities in aquatic animals. The toxicological aspects of arsenic have mainly been discussed in connection with their environmental persistence and the ability of arsenic to induce a variety of adverse effects in aquatic animals, particularly in fish. The arsenic even at very low concentration is haematoimmunotoxic to fish and the changes observed haematological, immunological and biochemical parameters may provide a useful early biomarker of low-level xenobiotic exposure. The high solubility and mobility of arsenic in aquatic environments affects its global cycling.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

In present experiment the effect of salt stress (0, 150, 300, 600 mM NaCl) on three cultivars of ... more In present experiment the effect of salt stress (0, 150, 300, 600 mM NaCl) on three cultivars of B. campestris L. like KOS-1, AGRANI and NRCYS-05-02 were studied. The high salt stress significantly decreased both morphological and physiological attributes like shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root fresh weight and root dry weight, leaf number, leaf length and leaf width of all three cultivars. The RWC values and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents were decreased up to several fold at high salt levels (300 and 600 mM), while proline contents increased at these concentrations. Maximum RWC values in AGRANI and maximum proline contents were recorded in NRCYS-05-02 while chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoid contents were higher in KOS-1 followed by AGRANI. The results demonstrated that KOS-1 exhibits better performance than AGRANI and NRCYS-05-02 in both control and salinity treatment and can be a good option for cultivation in salt affected areas.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Insect pests and disease infestations are the primary problems in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation... more Insect pests and disease infestations are the primary problems in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. Mostly lepidopteran and hemipteran like yellow stem borer and brown plant hopper respectively are the important insect pests. Concerns about chemical free agriculture have promoted widespread introduction of integrated pest management, an ecologically based approach to control the harmful insects and pests. Integrated pest management is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest population. This review article describes the impact of various biocontrol agents with respect to management of rice insect pests.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

The cultivation of Pleurotus is gaining momentum due to its nutritional value and economic potent... more The cultivation of Pleurotus is gaining momentum due to its nutritional value and economic potential. The preparation of mushroom spawn on grain media involves inoculating them with pure cultures of certain mushroom species under sterile conditions, yet contamination of the spawn is a significant barrier to the growth and spread of mushroom farming in underdeveloped nations. In this study, the spawn growth of Pleurotus species on various grain substrates including maize, wheat, sorghum and bajra was explored. The results revealed significant differences in spawn growth duration among the substrates. Maize substrate exhibited the longest duration for spawn growth, requiring 19 days, while wheat, sorghum and bajra substrates displayed shorter duration of 15, 10 and 11 days respectively. Furthermore, each substrate demonstrated distinct characteristics influencing spawn growth, highlighting the importance of substrate selection in Pleurotus species cultivation. These finding provide valuable insights for optimizing spawn production process and enhancing the efficiency of Pleurotus species cultivation practices.

International Journal of Biological Innovations

Biodiversity threats are one of the major concerns of today's intellectuals. These threats arise ... more Biodiversity threats are one of the major concerns of today's intellectuals. These threats arise due to environmental problems that appear both due to natural processes as well as anthropogenic activities. Human activities that affect biodiversity are in fact critical environmental issues. These not only adversely affect humans but also other forms of life. Biodiversity is not an optional bonus in human affairs, but it is the foundation of human life and necessary for the existence and survival of humans and their sustainable development. So biodiversity conservation is not only a necessity to save the species but also helps in the conservation of habitats and such action is also likely to mitigate climate change. It is almost evident that habitat destruction and fragmentation, overexploitation, invasive species and climate change have the potential to create havoc in biodiversity loss. A major role in this regard is imparted by humans and their unsustainable and indiscriminate activities including overpopulation. This review article describes a correlation between anthropogenic activities and biodiversity threats i.e. the various types of anthropogenic activities that are responsible for biodiversity threats and loss.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2022

In the present study, atmospheric carrying capacity was estimated based on ventilation coefficien... more In the present study, atmospheric carrying capacity was estimated based on ventilation coefficient. Ventilation coefficient is directly proportional to the atmospheric carrying capacity that was computed by using micrometeorological parameters of two seasons namely winter and summer. The diurnal variation in ventilation coefficient was recorded. The highest value of air carrying capacity was observed during the afternoon hours and it decreases in morning and evening hours in both the seasons. It was noticed that the winter season has low air carrying capacity throughout the day as compared to summer. The value of ventilation coefficient was observed to be less than 2000 2 m /s during morning and evening hours in winter. Whereas, higher ventilation coefficient value 2 lower than 8000 m /s was recorded during the summer season.

International Journal Biological Innovations, 2021

The infestation of striped mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) is common in orchards causing large scale ... more The infestation of striped mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) is common in orchards causing large scale harms to fruit quality as well as quantity. A water-based insecticide was not proved effective to control the mealybugs due to the presence of waxy outer coating. 30 percent ethyl alcohol was added in order to make the herbal preparations effective. Clerodendron sp., Cymbopogon citratus, Pongamia pinnata and Azadirachta indica extracts were tested for management of Ferrisia virgata. A 25% concentration of Cymbopogon leaf extract was found as a most effective eco-friendly management tool and safe herbal pesticide having no harmful effect over the experimental plants as well as on other plants.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

This research studied the bacterial and fungal microbial ecologies on dichlorvos-treated carrions... more This research studied the bacterial and fungal microbial ecologies on dichlorvos-treated carrions and their effects on post-mortem microbial clock for post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation during death investigations. Carrion-soil, skin, oral and rectal samples were aseptically collected, cultured and microbes isolated from both dichlorvos-treated and control pig (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus) carrions at the fresh, early and advanced stages of decomposition. The microbes were morphologically identified using microscopy and biochemical characteristics of catalase, oxidase, indole and citrate utilization. A total of seven bacterial species (Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Enterobacter sp., Clostridium sp. and Enterococcus sp.) and two fungal species (Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp.) were isolated and identified from both carrion groups. Lesser microbial community abundance of 26 (46.43%) was recorded from the dichlorvos-treated carrions when compared with the control carrions with higher abundance of 30 (53.57 %). Bacillus sp. and Aspergillus sp. were the dominant bacteria and fungi from the dichlorvos-treated and control carrions respectively. Also, there was more microbial fauna abundance from the carrion soil samples of both carrion groups. The study provided good comparative information between the microbiome identities and successions on dichlorvostreated and control carrions that can aid the resolution of medico-legal cases.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Prior research indicates that chitosan membranes exhibit a highly rigid and non-porous morphology... more Prior research indicates that chitosan membranes exhibit a highly rigid and non-porous morphology, limiting their utility in filtration applications. To enhance the performance characteristics of chitosan membranes, modification strategies are necessary. Incorporation of amorphous silica into chitosan membranes presents a potential solution to address deficiencies in their physical and mechanical attributes. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the impact of amorphous silica content on the physicochemical properties of chitosan-silica composite membranes derived from rice husk (RH) by acid hydrolysis. Acid treatment routes produce amorphous silica particles with high purity and more controlled structural properties as compared to other routes like open burning. The membranes were characterized for their morphological, functional group and thermal properties, ensuring their suitability for the purification process. The experimental setup involved the filtration of used cooking oil through the silica-chitosan membrane, targeting the removal of contaminants such as free fatty acid, water, and particulate matter. The results show a substantial reduction in impurity content. This study contributes to the development of sustainable and cost-effective methods for purifying waste cooking oil, making it a viable feedstock for biodiesel production.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Fungi have an important role in the biodegradation of monuments made of stone. The effect of fung... more Fungi have an important role in the biodegradation of monuments made of stone. The effect of fungi in the degradation of different types of stone has been widely investigated and demonstrated. Fungi can provide bio-protection for stone surfaces, act as a barrier against weathering, retain moisture, increase waterproofing, reduce thermal stress and corrosion, and absorb pollutants. Nevertheless, the evaluation of biodegradation versus bio-preservation cannot be generalized, as it may vary according to the behavior of different species, as well as that degradation may be influenced by both the lithotype and the environment. In addition to laboratory studies, more field studies of biological communities are needed, in order to analyze their establishment and succession under natural conditions and after conservation treatments. To guarantee the best decision for stone conservation, cleaning operations should not be based on a generalized approach, but on a careful evaluation of different aspects related to biodegradation and bio-preservation. In this research article, authors attempted to discuss the fungal degradation of the stone monuments i.e. Queen's mosque and Tomb at Sarangpur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat State and the role of said various fungi in the degradation based on a study jointly conducted by chemists from the Science Branch of Archaeological Survey of India, Vadodara and scientists from the

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Brattnevet Peninsula of Larsemann Hills is situated in between the Grovnes and Stinear Peninsula ... more Brattnevet Peninsula of Larsemann Hills is situated in between the Grovnes and Stinear Peninsula and below the Fisher Island. It comprises water bodies, metamorphosed acidic rocks, and sedimentary rocks. Human activities in this area is promoted by the coastal location, ice free landscape, the further scientific research and the potential for tourist visits may affect the cyanoprokaryotes and algal diversity. The Antarctic environment is highly sensitive and susceptible to the impact of human activities and has much less natural ability to recover from disturbance than the environment of other continents. These changes ultimately affect the growth and diversity of cyanoprokaryotes and algae. Samples were sampled from diverse habitat of Brattnevet Peninsula. Altogether 06 species including Cyanoprokaryotes (03), Bacillariophyceae (02) and Zygnematophyceae (01) were recorded from diverse habitat of Brattnevet Peninsula of Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. This is the first Indian study report of cyanoprokaryotes and algae of Brattnevet Peninsula of Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. All the species reported for the first time as new record from this area.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

NAD (P) H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an enzyme that reduces cellular oxidative stress by... more NAD (P) H: Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an enzyme that reduces cellular oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. Variant NQO1 enzyme role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) susceptibility is controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess NQO1 C609T polymorphism as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The authors performed a metaanalysis from published case-control studies that examined the association between C609T polymorphism and AD (735 cases and 828 controls). The pooled Odd Ratios (OR) was estimated by both fixed effects and random effects models. The meta-analysis with random effects model showed that there was 38% heterogeneity between five included studies. The random effect pooled OR is 1.38 (95% CI; 1-14 to 1.66) and Cochran Q was 6.45 (df = 4). The results of present meta-analysis showed that NQO1 gene C609T polymorphism is a risk factor for AD pathogenesis.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Air pollution is having a high concentration of pollutants in the air that can be harmful to peop... more Air pollution is having a high concentration of pollutants in the air that can be harmful to people, animals, plants, or structures. It poses a significant risk to the health of people everywhere in the world. Individuals with chronic cardiovascular disorders, the elderly and small children are most vulnerable to the negative health impact due to dust, smoke, and polluted air. Exposure to dust has been linked to both infectious and non-infectious disorders. Influenza infectious disorders linked to dust include viruses, bacterial pneumonia, meningococcal meningitis, and pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Contaminated air exposure has been linked to non-infectious disorders such as lung fibrosis, asthma, sarcoidosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The present understanding of how ambient air pollution affects the respiratory system is investigated with relation to the health of the lung.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

The article deals with the record of aphidophagous lacewings (Neuroptera) in India. Data reveals ... more The article deals with the record of aphidophagous lacewings (Neuroptera) in India. Data reveals 32 species of lacewings are aphidophagous in India belonging to 4 families, Chrysopidae being the largest one comprising 24 species under 11 genera followed by Hemerobiidae (6 species in 2 genera) and Dilaridae and Coniopterygidae (one species each) preying on 68 species of aphids belonging to 37 genera associated with 107 species of plants distributed in 23 states/union territories of India. A maximum of 24 species were recorded from Uttarakhand followed by 9 species each from Karnataka and West Bengal, 6 species from Himachal Pradesh, 5 species from Maharashtra, and less than 5 species were recorded from other states/union territories. Out of 32 species of aphidophagous lacewings recorded from India, only Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen, 1935) is considerably widely distributed in 21 states/union territories preying on 42 species of aphids infesting 76 species of plants, mostly crops followed by Micromus timidus Hagen, 1853 which preys on 17 species of aphids infesting 23 food plants distributed in 11 states/union territories of India. Hence, extensive surveys for these lacewings are required throughout the country particularly in agroecosystem to establish their relationship with aphid preys on different crops.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Climate change can influence insect outbreaks in various ways. Warmer temperatures can accelerate... more Climate change can influence insect outbreaks in various ways. Warmer temperatures can accelerate insect development and reproduction rates, leading to population booms. Increasing temperature, rising CO concentration and the change in rainfall are favourable 2 conditions for pest outbreaks. These lead to changes in insect diversity, abundance, population growth rate and biotic interactions resulting in more severe economic losses in agriculture. In addition to biological control techniques, under such sudden weather and climatic fluctuations, the effectiveness of chemical control would also be in doubt in future IPM programmes.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Tribolium castaneum commonly called Red flour beetle is a widely distributed stored grain pest. T... more Tribolium castaneum commonly called Red flour beetle is a widely distributed stored grain pest. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of five medicinal plant extracts against T. castaneum under laboratory conditions. Five doses in five replications for each of the plant powder were prepared by mixing them with flour inside plastic jars. Ten pairs of adult beetles were placed inside each jar and mortality was recorded. Feeding deterrent index (FDI) was calculated. At the 4th day (96 hours after treatment) maximum mortality is seen in case Murraya koenigii followed by Mentha spicata, Justicia adhatoda, Centella asiatica, Hygrophila polysperma. The ANOVA result revealed that the ethanol extract of Murraya koenigiii is the most toxic against the pest in comparison to other plant extracts.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

This study was aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds present in extracts from Tagetes ere... more This study was aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds present in extracts from Tagetes erecta (flower) and Tridax procumbens (whole plant). The air-dried plant parts were powdered and extracted using ethanol. The extracts were then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis revealed the presence of 36 compounds in the ethanolic extract of Tagetes erecta and 31 compounds in Tridax procumbens. Ten compounds (Stigmasterol, alpha-Amyrin, Tetradecanoic acid (Myristic acid), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, Ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z)-(Linolenic acid), Ethyl tridecanoate (Tridecanoic acid), dl-alpha-Tocopherol, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl (Quercetin) and Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy were identified commonly in both plant ethanolic extract. Some of these compounds have been reported to be pharmacologically active. Based on these findings, and considering that plants are commonly used to prevent or treat various diseases, it is clear that these plants contain many active compounds. These compounds could be utilized in developing plant-based drugs.

Glocal Environment & Social Association , 2024

The International Journal of Biological Innovations (IJBI) is an official publication of the Gloc... more The International Journal of Biological Innovations (IJBI) is an official publication of the Glocal Environment & Social Association (GESA). The IJBI is a peer-reviewed, refereed, multi-indexed, open access and online journal. It aims to disseminate the scientific research, recent biological innovations and to provide the most complete as well as reliable source of information on current developments in the field. The IJBI plays an important role in global academia by encouraging research, fostering knowledge and promoting new dimensions/developments in the areas related to biological sciences.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Medicinal herbs have been utilized since the Vedic period. Approximately 75% of people in rural a... more Medicinal herbs have been utilized since the Vedic period. Approximately 75% of people in rural areas of Bangladesh utilize traditional medicines in some capacity. Bangladesh is the home to over 10,000 different varieties of medicinal plants. The use of herbal and ayurvedic medicines predates humankind. There is substantial evidence of the historical relationship between man and his hunt for pharmaceuticals in nature, including written records, surviving monuments, and even the first plant medicines. The use of plants as a source of research in the search for active compounds for medicine has been proven to have a significant scientific output. An analysis of the scientific literature indexed in various databases concerning medicinal plants clearly shows that in the last 20 years, progress has been rapid, with a peak in the last century. Although there is a vast list of beneficial plant species for humans, this review article attempted to concentrate on describing the traditional medical applications of a few chosen plant species in Bangladesh.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Aquatic ecosystem has a vast diversity of micro-eukaryotes (rotifers, crustaceans and protists), ... more Aquatic ecosystem has a vast diversity of micro-eukaryotes (rotifers, crustaceans and protists), and such diverse taxonomic groups play important roles in ecosystem functioning and services. Farming organisms such as fish receive nutrients other than minerals by taking food. In nature, most organisms survive by consuming live food such as plankton from the environment. Zooplankton are of great importance and basically essential in fish culture. The present work is carried out for the assessment of plankton diversity of Godavari river water in Mudgal dam area for a period of one year starting from March, 2019 to February, 2020. The zooplankton serves as a food for other higher organisms. During the exploration, authors recorded four groups of zooplankton namely Rotifera with 7 species, Cladocera with 5 species, Copepoda 3 species and Ostracoda 2 species.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

The origin and distribution of arsenic is mainly geogenic but anthropogenic activities can also l... more The origin and distribution of arsenic is mainly geogenic but anthropogenic activities can also lead to arsenic contamination across various environments. Although arsenic contamination in natural systems is often too low to cause mortality but it is sufficient to interfere with normal functioning of the body. Continuous exposure of freshwater organisms including fish to low concentrations of arsenic may result in bioaccumulation in which liver and kidney having high accumulation in most of the cases, altering growth, haematological and biochemical parameters as well as many physiological and biochemical activities in aquatic animals. The toxicological aspects of arsenic have mainly been discussed in connection with their environmental persistence and the ability of arsenic to induce a variety of adverse effects in aquatic animals, particularly in fish. The arsenic even at very low concentration is haematoimmunotoxic to fish and the changes observed haematological, immunological and biochemical parameters may provide a useful early biomarker of low-level xenobiotic exposure. The high solubility and mobility of arsenic in aquatic environments affects its global cycling.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

In present experiment the effect of salt stress (0, 150, 300, 600 mM NaCl) on three cultivars of ... more In present experiment the effect of salt stress (0, 150, 300, 600 mM NaCl) on three cultivars of B. campestris L. like KOS-1, AGRANI and NRCYS-05-02 were studied. The high salt stress significantly decreased both morphological and physiological attributes like shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root fresh weight and root dry weight, leaf number, leaf length and leaf width of all three cultivars. The RWC values and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents were decreased up to several fold at high salt levels (300 and 600 mM), while proline contents increased at these concentrations. Maximum RWC values in AGRANI and maximum proline contents were recorded in NRCYS-05-02 while chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoid contents were higher in KOS-1 followed by AGRANI. The results demonstrated that KOS-1 exhibits better performance than AGRANI and NRCYS-05-02 in both control and salinity treatment and can be a good option for cultivation in salt affected areas.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

Insect pests and disease infestations are the primary problems in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation... more Insect pests and disease infestations are the primary problems in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. Mostly lepidopteran and hemipteran like yellow stem borer and brown plant hopper respectively are the important insect pests. Concerns about chemical free agriculture have promoted widespread introduction of integrated pest management, an ecologically based approach to control the harmful insects and pests. Integrated pest management is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest population. This review article describes the impact of various biocontrol agents with respect to management of rice insect pests.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2024

The cultivation of Pleurotus is gaining momentum due to its nutritional value and economic potent... more The cultivation of Pleurotus is gaining momentum due to its nutritional value and economic potential. The preparation of mushroom spawn on grain media involves inoculating them with pure cultures of certain mushroom species under sterile conditions, yet contamination of the spawn is a significant barrier to the growth and spread of mushroom farming in underdeveloped nations. In this study, the spawn growth of Pleurotus species on various grain substrates including maize, wheat, sorghum and bajra was explored. The results revealed significant differences in spawn growth duration among the substrates. Maize substrate exhibited the longest duration for spawn growth, requiring 19 days, while wheat, sorghum and bajra substrates displayed shorter duration of 15, 10 and 11 days respectively. Furthermore, each substrate demonstrated distinct characteristics influencing spawn growth, highlighting the importance of substrate selection in Pleurotus species cultivation. These finding provide valuable insights for optimizing spawn production process and enhancing the efficiency of Pleurotus species cultivation practices.

International Journal of Biological Innovations

Biodiversity threats are one of the major concerns of today's intellectuals. These threats arise ... more Biodiversity threats are one of the major concerns of today's intellectuals. These threats arise due to environmental problems that appear both due to natural processes as well as anthropogenic activities. Human activities that affect biodiversity are in fact critical environmental issues. These not only adversely affect humans but also other forms of life. Biodiversity is not an optional bonus in human affairs, but it is the foundation of human life and necessary for the existence and survival of humans and their sustainable development. So biodiversity conservation is not only a necessity to save the species but also helps in the conservation of habitats and such action is also likely to mitigate climate change. It is almost evident that habitat destruction and fragmentation, overexploitation, invasive species and climate change have the potential to create havoc in biodiversity loss. A major role in this regard is imparted by humans and their unsustainable and indiscriminate activities including overpopulation. This review article describes a correlation between anthropogenic activities and biodiversity threats i.e. the various types of anthropogenic activities that are responsible for biodiversity threats and loss.

International Journal of Biological Innovations, 2022

In the present study, atmospheric carrying capacity was estimated based on ventilation coefficien... more In the present study, atmospheric carrying capacity was estimated based on ventilation coefficient. Ventilation coefficient is directly proportional to the atmospheric carrying capacity that was computed by using micrometeorological parameters of two seasons namely winter and summer. The diurnal variation in ventilation coefficient was recorded. The highest value of air carrying capacity was observed during the afternoon hours and it decreases in morning and evening hours in both the seasons. It was noticed that the winter season has low air carrying capacity throughout the day as compared to summer. The value of ventilation coefficient was observed to be less than 2000 2 m /s during morning and evening hours in winter. Whereas, higher ventilation coefficient value 2 lower than 8000 m /s was recorded during the summer season.

International Journal Biological Innovations, 2021

The infestation of striped mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) is common in orchards causing large scale ... more The infestation of striped mealybug (Ferrisia virgata) is common in orchards causing large scale harms to fruit quality as well as quantity. A water-based insecticide was not proved effective to control the mealybugs due to the presence of waxy outer coating. 30 percent ethyl alcohol was added in order to make the herbal preparations effective. Clerodendron sp., Cymbopogon citratus, Pongamia pinnata and Azadirachta indica extracts were tested for management of Ferrisia virgata. A 25% concentration of Cymbopogon leaf extract was found as a most effective eco-friendly management tool and safe herbal pesticide having no harmful effect over the experimental plants as well as on other plants.