Irena Shala - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Irena Shala

Research paper thumbnail of Current Problems in the Mental Health Field

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, 2017

Mental health problems are conditions that do not meet the criteria for disease but affect the no... more Mental health problems are conditions that do not meet the criteria for disease but affect the normal quality and continuity of everyday life. They are the emotional and psychological difficulties of the individual, which occur as a result of circumstantial or persistent stresses or of a reflection of the emotions between the individual and the environment where he lives (WHO, 2005). Health is seen as "not just a lack of sickness or disability," but rather as "a complete physical, mental and social well-being." This definition significantly expands the concept of mental health, which should not be defined in a restrictive manner as the absence of mental disorders, but should be defined in a positive and comprehensive view (WHO, 1985). Ultimately, mental health is defined as "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own potential, is able to cope with daily life concerns, is productive and fruitfully in his work, and is capable of del...

Research paper thumbnail of The Situation of Violence in the High Schools of Shkodra City

Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2019

Any behavior or attitude that harms the physical, emotional, and sexual well-being of one or more... more Any behavior or attitude that harms the physical, emotional, and sexual well-being of one or more persons and affects the termination of the individual's normal development is considered as violence. Violence at school includes behaviors such as: victimization of a child and teachers, raping of a child and / or a teacher, physical and psychological harassment, cyber threatening, controversies, bullism, physical and psychological harm, teachers and students sexual violence, using of weapons in school environments. The main violence forms at school are: teachers to students, students to teachers, students to students. This is a punctual, transversal, cross-sectional study. 100 students at high school of Shkodra city participated in this study. The sample selection was randomized. Students of 14-18 years old; 63 females and 37 males were included in the study. The timeframe of the study was January – February 2018. The information was gathered from face to face interviews using st...

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiological profile of mental disorders in Shkoder, Albania

Aim: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors of mental disorder in the population of... more Aim: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors of mental disorder in the population of Shkodra city, in transitional Albania. Methods: This was a population-based retrospective epidemiological study conducted in the city of Shkoder, which is the main district in north Albania. The study population comprised all patients with mental problems aged 5-85 years (n=6,287) hospitalized over one decade (January 2005-December 2015). The clinical records from the psychiatric hospital of Shkodra city were used for the classification of common mental disorders. Results: Out of the 6,287 patients records 3,766 (59.9%) were males and 2,521 (40.1%) were females. Mean age was 43±4 years. Incidence (per 100.000 residents) of mental disorder in this study was estimated at 3786.2 persons. The most prevalent mental disorder in this study was Schizophrenia with 2,884 (45.87%) patients. More than 765 (12.16%) patients reported a lifetime history of depressive disorders, 739 (9.17%) affective d...

Research paper thumbnail of The Debate Over Euthanasia and Human Rights

European Scientific Journal, ESJ, Mar 30, 2016

Euthanasia is a dilemma due to the presence of more than one course of conduct justified on vario... more Euthanasia is a dilemma due to the presence of more than one course of conduct justified on various grounds. Medical science has devised solutions for battling excruciating pain and agony. The Supreme Court in March 2018 delivered landmark judgment allowing 'living will' where, an adult in his conscious mind, is permitted to refuse medical treatment or voluntarily decide not to take medical treatment to embrace death in a natural way. The judgment gave legal recognition to Passive euthanasia in India and robust interpretation of 'Right to life' including 'Right to die' thereby bringing it within manifold of article-21 of constitution of India. The present paper describes evolution of Euthanasia in India contemporary to Dutch law as well as pros and cones of the landmark judgment in Aruna Shanbaug case.

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiological profile of mental disorders in Shkoder , Albania

Aim: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors of mental disorder in the population of... more Aim: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors of mental disorder in the population of Shkodra city, in transitional Albania. Methods: This was a population-based retrospective epidemiological study conducted in the city of Shkoder, which is the main district in north Albania. The study population comprised all patients with mental problems aged 5-85 years (n=6,287) hospitalized over one decade (January 2005 December 2015). The clinical records from the psychiatric hospital of Shkodra city were used for the classification of common mental disorders. Results: Out of the 6,287 patients records 3,766 (59.9%) were males and 2,521 (40.1%) were females. Mean age was 43±4 years. Incidence (per 100.000 residents) of mental disorder in this study was estimated at 3786.2 persons. The most prevalent mental disorder in this study was Schizophrenia with 2,884 (45.87%) patients. More than 765 (12.16%) patients reported a lifetime history of depressive disorders, 739 (9.17%) affective d...

Research paper thumbnail of Current Problems in the Mental Health Field

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research, 2017

Mental health problems are conditions that do not meet the criteria for disease but affect the no... more Mental health problems are conditions that do not meet the criteria for disease but affect the normal quality and continuity of everyday life. They are the emotional and psychological difficulties of the individual, which occur as a result of circumstantial or persistent stresses or of a reflection of the emotions between the individual and the environment where he lives (WHO, 2005). Health is seen as "not just a lack of sickness or disability," but rather as "a complete physical, mental and social well-being." This definition significantly expands the concept of mental health, which should not be defined in a restrictive manner as the absence of mental disorders, but should be defined in a positive and comprehensive view (WHO, 1985). Ultimately, mental health is defined as "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own potential, is able to cope with daily life concerns, is productive and fruitfully in his work, and is capable of del...

Research paper thumbnail of The Situation of Violence in the High Schools of Shkodra City

Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, 2019

Any behavior or attitude that harms the physical, emotional, and sexual well-being of one or more... more Any behavior or attitude that harms the physical, emotional, and sexual well-being of one or more persons and affects the termination of the individual's normal development is considered as violence. Violence at school includes behaviors such as: victimization of a child and teachers, raping of a child and / or a teacher, physical and psychological harassment, cyber threatening, controversies, bullism, physical and psychological harm, teachers and students sexual violence, using of weapons in school environments. The main violence forms at school are: teachers to students, students to teachers, students to students. This is a punctual, transversal, cross-sectional study. 100 students at high school of Shkodra city participated in this study. The sample selection was randomized. Students of 14-18 years old; 63 females and 37 males were included in the study. The timeframe of the study was January – February 2018. The information was gathered from face to face interviews using st...

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiological profile of mental disorders in Shkoder, Albania

Aim: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors of mental disorder in the population of... more Aim: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors of mental disorder in the population of Shkodra city, in transitional Albania. Methods: This was a population-based retrospective epidemiological study conducted in the city of Shkoder, which is the main district in north Albania. The study population comprised all patients with mental problems aged 5-85 years (n=6,287) hospitalized over one decade (January 2005-December 2015). The clinical records from the psychiatric hospital of Shkodra city were used for the classification of common mental disorders. Results: Out of the 6,287 patients records 3,766 (59.9%) were males and 2,521 (40.1%) were females. Mean age was 43±4 years. Incidence (per 100.000 residents) of mental disorder in this study was estimated at 3786.2 persons. The most prevalent mental disorder in this study was Schizophrenia with 2,884 (45.87%) patients. More than 765 (12.16%) patients reported a lifetime history of depressive disorders, 739 (9.17%) affective d...

Research paper thumbnail of The Debate Over Euthanasia and Human Rights

European Scientific Journal, ESJ, Mar 30, 2016

Euthanasia is a dilemma due to the presence of more than one course of conduct justified on vario... more Euthanasia is a dilemma due to the presence of more than one course of conduct justified on various grounds. Medical science has devised solutions for battling excruciating pain and agony. The Supreme Court in March 2018 delivered landmark judgment allowing 'living will' where, an adult in his conscious mind, is permitted to refuse medical treatment or voluntarily decide not to take medical treatment to embrace death in a natural way. The judgment gave legal recognition to Passive euthanasia in India and robust interpretation of 'Right to life' including 'Right to die' thereby bringing it within manifold of article-21 of constitution of India. The present paper describes evolution of Euthanasia in India contemporary to Dutch law as well as pros and cones of the landmark judgment in Aruna Shanbaug case.

Research paper thumbnail of Epidemiological profile of mental disorders in Shkoder , Albania

Aim: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors of mental disorder in the population of... more Aim: To estimate the lifetime prevalence and risk factors of mental disorder in the population of Shkodra city, in transitional Albania. Methods: This was a population-based retrospective epidemiological study conducted in the city of Shkoder, which is the main district in north Albania. The study population comprised all patients with mental problems aged 5-85 years (n=6,287) hospitalized over one decade (January 2005 December 2015). The clinical records from the psychiatric hospital of Shkodra city were used for the classification of common mental disorders. Results: Out of the 6,287 patients records 3,766 (59.9%) were males and 2,521 (40.1%) were females. Mean age was 43±4 years. Incidence (per 100.000 residents) of mental disorder in this study was estimated at 3786.2 persons. The most prevalent mental disorder in this study was Schizophrenia with 2,884 (45.87%) patients. More than 765 (12.16%) patients reported a lifetime history of depressive disorders, 739 (9.17%) affective d...