Irene Garcia-Cano - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Irene Garcia-Cano

Surface and Coatings Technology, 2022

Materials

Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing (CSAM) is a thermal spray technique that is typically used for ... more Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing (CSAM) is a thermal spray technique that is typically used for the repair of metallic components. One of the challenges of CSAM is to improve the geometrical accuracy of the sprayed parts, along with overcoming the inferiority of the mechanical properties of the deposits by tailoring their microstructure with different deposition strategies. For this, Cu, Al, Ti, and Ti6Al4V substrates were reconstructed by two Cold Spray (CS) methods: Traditional (T) and a novel strategy, Metal Knitting (MK). The final geometry, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the reconstructed parts by these two methods were compared. Additionally, we investigated the effects of annealing on the microstructure of sprayed components and its influence on adhesion, resistance to erosion, and abrasive wear. The results indicate that annealing effectively reduces the microstructure defects of the remanufactured parts (up to 30% porosity reduction) and improves the adhesive...

International Thermal Spray Conference

Recent research in the field of nanostructured ceramic materials has underscored the importance o... more Recent research in the field of nanostructured ceramic materials has underscored the importance of using feedstock powders with metastable phases. During material consolidation the metastable structure evolves into a dual structure where the grain growth stops when the crystallites reach their respective equilibrium grain size. The mutual suppression of the grain growth is a direct consequence of the immiscibility of the two phases in the solid state. Due to their small grain size and uniform structure, the nanocomposites exhibiting very interesting properties, are formed. Metastable structures can be produced using atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique. The main target of this work has been the synthesis of Al2O3-TiO2 metastable powder through atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and quenching route. The metastable phases have been produced from micron-sized feedstock powders and the effect of different raw powders have also been evaluated. The metastable phases have been character...

Metals

Cold-spray coatings were produced by FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy powders deposited on carbon st... more Cold-spray coatings were produced by FeCoCrNiMn high-entropy alloy powders deposited on carbon steel substrate. The coatings were realized at intermediate temperature and high pressure (at 1100 °C and 7 MPa). The coating microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, revealing a very dense deposition and high flattening ratio of the splatted particles. This had a large influence on the strong adhesion of the coating to the substrate. The hardness and residual stress profiles were measured through nanoindentation and X-ray diffraction from the peak broadening measured layer by layer. The cyclic behavior of the coatings was evaluated through three-point bending tests performed on V-notched samples coated via cold spray. Cyclic tests were performed at different maximum strokes from 0.3 to 3.6 mm in order to monitor the crack initiation and propagation during bending tests. The fracture surface aspect was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy ...

Advanced Functional Materials, 2020

Regenerative medicine and disease models have evolved in recent years from two to three dimension... more Regenerative medicine and disease models have evolved in recent years from two to three dimensions, providing in vitro constructs that are more similar to in vivo tissues. By mimicking native tissues, cell‐derived matrices (CDMs) have emerged as new modifiable extracellular matrices for a variety of tissues, allowing researchers to study basic cellular processes in tissue‐like structures, test tissue regeneration approaches, and model disease development. In this review, different fabrication techniques and characterization methods of CDMs are presented and examples of their application in cell behavior studies, tissue regeneration, and disease models are provided. In addition, future guidelines and perspectives in the field of CDMs are discussed.

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2019

Cold-sprayed Ni-based superalloy coatings offer new possibilities for manufacturing and repairing... more Cold-sprayed Ni-based superalloy coatings offer new possibilities for manufacturing and repairing damaged components, such as gas turbine blades or other parts of aircraft engines. This development shines a new light on the conventional additive manufacturing technologies and significantly broadens application fields of cold spray. The idea is that cold spray can contribute to improving the fatigue properties of manufacturing and repaired components. This study deals with the analysis of the microstructural and mechanical properties of IN625 coldsprayed coatings on V-notched carbon steel substrate. Process conditions of 1000°C and 50 bar were employed to produce coatings in V-notched (60°and 90°) samples in order to evaluate the fatigue crack behavior of the sprayed material. Bending tests were carried out in order to evaluate the crack propagation in the coatings during cyclic loading. The K factor was quantified for the two different notch geometries. After fatigue tests, the cracking mechanisms were observed through SEM. Optical microscopy, nanoindentation as a function of coating/substrate distance and corrosion tests were performed. Porosity measurements through image analyses were done to characterize the coatings' quality. The results achieved demonstrate that cold spray deposition and repair can contribute to resistance and to the increase in the global fatigue life of cracked structures.

Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, 2021

The paper analyses the fretting and wear behavior of pure copper and pure titanium coatings reali... more The paper analyses the fretting and wear behavior of pure copper and pure titanium coatings realized through cold spray. The coatings were designed and produced by employing processing conditions leading to minimum porosity and high hardness; these conditions were 700 °C and 40 bar for Ti powders and 400 °C and 30 bar for Cu ones. The low porosity and high strength materials led to high resistance to wear damaging through the optimal energy dissipation upon fretting. Due to the sprayed particles deformation mode, the sprayed materials show non-uniform hardening along the deposition distance. As a matter of fact, hardness varied in the range 3.7–4.2 GPa for Ti coatings and 1.5–2 GPa for the Cu ones depending on the distance from the substrate and on the coatings thickness. This influenced the materials properties and the response to the wear damaging. This was demonstrated by the scratch tests performed on coatings with different thicknesses. Those coatings sprayed in major thickness...

Surface and Coatings Technology, 2020

Plasma sprayed bioactive glass coatings were studied using crushed 45S5 bioactive glass powder. I... more Plasma sprayed bioactive glass coatings were studied using crushed 45S5 bioactive glass powder. It is widely accepted that plasma sprayed coating microstructure is highly affected by the characteristics of the powder and the parameters set on the spraying process. Once the coating deposition was optimized, two strategies were carried out to analyse their effect on the coating adhesion: cooling with carbon dioxide while spraying and a post heat treatment to the as-sprayed coatings. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for analyse the obtained coatings. Additionally, coating adhesion to the substrate and degradation of the coatings in Tris buffer solution were evaluated for the different samples studied. Coatings have been tested in vitro to evaluate their response by immersion in simulated body fluid, Hank's Balanced Salt Solution. The results show an increase in the adhesion strength for the heat treated samples due to the stress relaxation achieved above glass transition temperature. Moreover, in the bioactivity test an apatite layer at the coatings surface was produced for all the strategies studied.

Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2019

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been recognized for its biocompatibility and usefulness in promoting bioi... more Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been recognized for its biocompatibility and usefulness in promoting biointegration for implants in osseous and soft tissue due to its similar composition with the bone. Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) is a well-established process in commercial prosthesis for the production of HA coatings and it has been validated by FDA regulations [1,2]. Even so, the use of high operating temperatures and high cooling rates produces changes in the phase composition, thus leading to more likely implant failure [3]. The weakest part tends to be the coating-substrate interface, where HA decomposes into secondary phases that have higher dissolution rates in body fluids, ending up with the delamination of the coating [1]. Some alternatives are the performance of post-heat treatments of such HA coatings in order to transform amorphous HA into crystalline phases. Another strategy is the use of metallic porous-rough surfaces to enhance mechanical properties by the interlocking of bone ingrowth into the pores [4]. In-vitro comparison of hydroxyapatite coatings obtained by cold spray and conventional thermal spray technologies A.M. Vilardell a, *

Microscopy, 2019

A highly rough titanium coating obtained by Cold Gas Spray (CGS) has been characterized by means ... more A highly rough titanium coating obtained by Cold Gas Spray (CGS) has been characterized by means of high-resolution 3D microtomography (micro-CT) with the aim to evaluate its open and close porosity for possible use in orthopaedic implants to promote osseointegration. Micro-CT allowed a qualitative and quantitative description of the main features, morphology of the pores and surface roughness of the coating. Several numerical values were obtained to describe size, form and distribution of the closed/inner and open/outer pores. Additionally, surface roughness and open porosity were image-analyzed to find the effective surface for osseointegration.

Journal of Materials Science, 2015

The use of coatings in biomaterials has been fundamental on the applicability of many medical dev... more The use of coatings in biomaterials has been fundamental on the applicability of many medical devices and has helped improve mechanical properties such as wear and fatigue and biological properties such as biocompatibility and bioactivity of implant prosthesis, thus, in essence, ameliorating human quality life. The aim of the present paper is to give a review on cold spray (CS) coating systems that are emerging in orthopedics industry (internal fixation systems and prosthesis) as well as those for antibacterial purposes (in body and touch external surfaces). These studies are very new, the oldest dating from the half of last decade and most deal with the improvement of biocompatibility and bioactivity of hard tissue replacement; therefore, research on biocoatings is in constant development with the aim to produce implant surfaces that provide a balance between cell adhesion and low cytotoxicity, mechanical properties, and functionalization. CS offers many advantages over conventional high-temperature processes and seems to be able to become competitive in front of the low-temperature techniques. It is mainly cost effective, appropriate for oxygen-sensitive materials, and environmentally green. It basically involves the use of feedstock material in powder form, which is supersonically sprayed onto the appropriate substrate but without any melting as it occurs in conventional thermal spray processes. Biocompatible metallic materials and polymers have been successfully deposited by this method because it is based on the plasticity of the coating material; pure ceramic deposits, for example of hydroxyapatite, are still a challenge.

Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio, 2003

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2014

This article describes a photocatalytic nanostructured anatase coating deposited by cold gas spra... more This article describes a photocatalytic nanostructured anatase coating deposited by cold gas spray (CGS) supported on titanium sub-oxide (TiO 22x) coatings obtained by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) onto stainless steel cylinders. The photocatalytic coating was homogeneous and preserved the composition and nanostructure of the starting powder. The inner titanium sub-oxide coating favored the deposition of anatase particles in the solid state. Agglomerated nano-TiO 2 particles fragmented when impacting onto the hard surface of the APS TiO 22x bond coat. The rough surface provided by APS provided an ideal scenario for entrapping the nanostructured particles, which may be adhered onto the bond coat due to chemical bonding; a possible bonding mechanism is described. Photocatalytic experiments showed that CGS nano-TiO 2 coating was active for photodegrading phenol and formic acid under aqueous conditions. The results were similar to the performance obtained by competitor technologies and materials such as dip-coating P25 Ò photocatalysts. Disparity in the final performance of the photoactive materials may have been caused by differences in grain size and the crystalline composition of titanium dioxide.

Superconductor Science and Technology, 2003

Hardness and fracture toughness of Dy-123 single domains were studied by Vickers micro-indentatio... more Hardness and fracture toughness of Dy-123 single domains were studied by Vickers micro-indentation. A significant anisotropy of the mechanical properties was observed. Hardness tests give higher values when performed in (001) planes rather than in planes parallel to the c-axis. Moreover, the cracks pattern around the indentation follows preferential orientation in planes parallel to the c-axis whereas a classical 'four-cracks' pattern is observed in the (001) planes. It has been possible to show the crucial role played by the 211 particles in the deviating mechanism of cracks and the relevance of the high homogeneity of 211-particle distribution in the material. Recently it has been demonstrated that DyBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x single domains (Dy-123), prepared by the same route [10], can achieve better superconducting properties, i.e. higher J c and H c , than Y-123 [10-13]. Therefore, the Dy-Ba-Cu-O system is one of the most promising candidates for high field engineering applications and is studied hereafter.

Ceramic materials have been used in a wide range of application. One of the most innovative appli... more Ceramic materials have been used in a wide range of application. One of the most innovative applications is their use to perform Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. The aim of this work is to elucidate how to obtain a complete self-assembled SOFC (supported by electrolyte) using Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) to spray the three different ceramic layers. One of the main problems of SOFC production is the high costs of the process that can be reduced performing the three ceramic of a SOFC by APS technology. Anode (YSZ-NiO), Cathode (LSM) and Electrolyte (YSZ) can be obtained by APS with reasonable good behavior in terms of SOFC efficient. Another problem is the three layers assembling and adhesion, the use of gradual transition layers by APS improve the adhesion and assembling of the layers. Chemical and structural characterization of the feedstock powders and obtained ceramic layers was done by Laser Scattering, XRD, SEM and Confocal microscopy and correlated with the efficiency of attained APS-SOFC components.

Trabajo presentado al 2nd International Symposium on Applied Sciences and Engineering (ISASE), ce... more Trabajo presentado al 2nd International Symposium on Applied Sciences and Engineering (ISASE), celebrado online del 7 al 9 de abril de 2021.Peer reviewe

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2022

Cold gas spray (CGS) technology has allowed the development of biofunctional coatings composed of... more Cold gas spray (CGS) technology has allowed the development of biofunctional coatings composed of 45S5 and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The combination of a bioactive glass material embedded in a polymeric matrix makes this composite an interesting material for orthopedic applications since this composite meets the biomechanical and biological requirements of an implant. In the present study, blends of bioactive glass 45S5 and PEEK powder with different granulometry and 45S5/PEEK ratio have been prepared. These mixtures of powders have been deposited onto PEEK substrates by CGS with the goal of incorporating a bioactive additive to the biocompatible polymer, which can improve the bone-implant interaction of PEEK. The deposition efficiency (DE) of the coatings has been evaluated, and from the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that DE is significantly affected by the granulometry and by the 45S5/PEEK ratio of the blends. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspection, it was observed that the use of blends with high 45S5/PEEK ratio lead to the deposition of coatings with high content of 45S5. Finally, the friction behavior of the coatings was analyzed performing ball-on-disk tests and these experiments showed that the presence of glass particles has a beneficial role in the wear resistance. Keywords bioactive glass Á biomaterials Á cold spray Á mixtures Á PEEK Á wear testing This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2021 International Thermal Spray Conference, ITSC2021, that was held virtually May 25-28, 2021 due to travel restrictions related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It has been expanded from the original presentation.