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Papers by Irene Zananiri

Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2009

Since 1951, the character of Greece has changed from a mainly agricultural into a more industrial... more Since 1951, the character of Greece has changed from a mainly agricultural into a more industrial country. In the course of the economic revival, this change implied a rapid development of urban and industrial areas, resulting in serious consequences for the Hellenic environment. The present study focuses on fly ash and heavy metal pollution, one of the major environmental problems of the broader Kozani - Ptolemaida region (northern Greece) where five power plants are operating. The target of the project was twofold: (a) to challenge the correlation between ferrimagnetic mineral content and geochemical properties of samples from polluted areas, (b) to estimate the spatial distribution of several pollutants within the study area. Towards this scope, the magnetic susceptibility was mapped using a Bartington susceptibility meter (MS2D-loop) with a resolution of 1Ã-1 km, and soil samples were collected from each measurement point. After drying and sieving, the specimens were subjected to several laboratory experiments: measurement of magnetic low-field susceptibility at low and high frequency, isothermal remanence acquisition, thermomagnetic analyses, alternating field demagnetization of both natural and isothermal remanent magnetization, anhysteretic remanence experiments and hysteresis loops. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the studied soils were determined by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-AES analyses were carried out on HNO3 digests from the same samples. The in-situ susceptibility values exhibit significant variation, ranging from very low background values (7Ã-10-5 SI) to high values (730Ã-10-5 SI), with a mean of 141Ã-10-5 SI. The same variation arises from laboratory susceptibility measurements at low and high frequency, with a mean frequency dependence (F-factor) of 5 %. Preliminary geochemical measurements indicate concentrations of 40-360 mg(Cr3+)/kg, 10-30 mg(Cu)/kg, 3523-21543 mg(Fe)/kg, 195-1150 mg(Mn)/kg, 46-471 mg(Ni)/kg, 3-25 mg(Pb)/kg and 19-70 mg(Zn)/kg. An excellent linear correlation was found between magnetic susceptibility and the concentrations of soil Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb, whereas the correlation between magnetic susceptibility and concentration of Zn and Cr3+ in soil was poor, suggesting that the pollutants are physically not related to the magnetic minerals.

Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2010

The ancient town of Palea Epidavros, inhabited since the 3rd millennium B.C., has not been system... more The ancient town of Palea Epidavros, inhabited since the 3rd millennium B.C., has not been systematically excavated; however, numerous ruins, from different eras, outcrop all over the so-called "Nisi", which is the Greek term for island, peninsula. Thus, several questions are still open concerning the palaeogeographic evolution of the area and especially the strait of Nisi. Towards this scope a non-invasive geophysical and stratigraphy study was carried out in the broader area of Palea Epidavros, in order to investigate the possible presence of a marine channel between the Nisi peninsula and the main coast. The fieldwork comprised vertical electric soundings, measurements of the total magnetic field and drilling of two exploratory boreholes, reaching 12.16m and 14.40m respectively. The locations of the fieldwork activities were determined in collaboration with archaeologists from the 4th E.P.C.A. Detailed textural examination was carried out for the drilled cores and laboratory magnetic measurements were performed on samples: low and high field magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependence calculation, isothermal remanence acquisition and thermomagnetic analyses. The data management and cartographic representation was performed using Geographic Information Systems, where a geographic database was created, including all available information for the broader Palea Epidavros area: local geology, topographic features, satellite images and archaeological data.

Tertiary plutonic bodies crop out over large areas in the Rhodope Massif, Northern Greece. A deta... more Tertiary plutonic bodies crop out over large areas in the Rhodope Massif, Northern Greece. A detailed magnetic study has been undertaken on the composite Vrondou granitoid. This large, almost 300 km2, pluton is composed of two different intrusions: the locally strongly mylonitized Early Miocene West Vrondou, and the isotropic-looking Early Oligocene East Vrondou body. However, the boundary between these two parts is still unknown; this is one of the issues our study will attempt to clarify. Both AMS (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) and paleomagnetic measurements were performed on samples from 40 sites spread around the pluton. High bulk magnetic susceptibility indicates that the main carriers of susceptibility are ferromagnetic minerals; further analysis verified the contribution of magnetite and haematite. The anisotropy degree ranges from 18 to 60% and the shape parameter, T, manifests mostly oblate ellipsoids. Both demagnetization techniques were used in samples from all t...

Absolute palaeointensity determination is a long-winded and complicated procedure. The Thellier-T... more Absolute palaeointensity determination is a long-winded and complicated procedure. The Thellier-Thellier technique, in particular, requires multiple heating and cooling steps. Magnetic minerals are often chemically unstable, and multiple heatings may cause oxidation, hence aiding the subsequent neo-formation of remanence carriers during the procedure. Samples from recent rhyodacitic lava flows on Santorini (Southern Greece)and archaeological material (burnt clay) from two Hellenistic pottery kilns at Katerini (Northern Greece) have been tested for their thermal stability. Small specimens were used to study the temperature dependence of magnetic low-field susceptibility, using a Thellier-Thellier like measurement sequence. The remanence properties were tested on palaeomagnetic standard sized samples by detailed alternating field (AF) demagnetisation of isothermal remanent magnetisation (IRM) and IRM acquisition at different annealing temperatures. The coercivity content was analysed ...

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

The magnetization of batholiths is often unstable as a result of slow cooling and unroofing durin... more The magnetization of batholiths is often unstable as a result of slow cooling and unroofing during their formation. These factors favour crystallization of coarse grains and mineralogical changes. Nevertheless, numerous studies have revealed the existence of stable magnetic recordings in batholiths, which can help to unravel the history of the pluton as far as its stability, translation or tilting is concerned. When an accurate isochron is established, it is possible to date the magnetic components through to blocking temperature spectra since isotopic and magnetic closure temperatures can be compatible. Finally, additional examination of other geophysical data and estimation of cooling rates can help the detection of burial conditions of the pluton. The majority of the above conditions apply successfully to large plutonic bodies. The present study focuses on Tertiary plutons in Northern Greece, covering more than 1200km2, classified from intermediate to large (70-430km2): Elatia, S...

A detailed rock magnetic study of eight historical dacitic lava flows from Santorini, covering th... more A detailed rock magnetic study of eight historical dacitic lava flows from Santorini, covering the time interval between 46 AD and 1950 AD, is presented along with palaeointensity determinations encompassing different experimental approaches such as: the classical Thellier-Thellier method (Thellier and Thellier 1959), Coe's version of the Thellier-Thellier method (Coe 1967), Shaw's alternating field method (Shaw 1974), the Microwave Thellier-Thellier approach (Walton et al. 1992, 1993) and the continuous high temperature magnetisation measurement method recently developed by Le Goff and Gallet (2004). The obtained palaeointensity results are compared with the Greek data base and the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). Eventually, non-dipole field variations at Athens during the past 2000 years are discussed and compared with those at Paris. Thermomagnetic and isothermal magnetisation curve measurements reveal the presence of two physically distinct magnetic min...

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2007

This paper examines the limitations and deficiencies of the current British archaeomagnetic calib... more This paper examines the limitations and deficiencies of the current British archaeomagnetic calibration curve and applies several mathematical approaches in an attempt to produce an improved secular variation curve for the UK for use in archaeomagnetic dating. The dataset compiled is the most complete available in the UK, incorporating published results, PhD theses and unpublished laboratory reports. It comprises 620 archaeomagnetic (directional) data and 238 direct observations of the geomagnetic field, and includes all relevant information available about the site, the archaeomagnetic direction and the archaeological age. A thorough examination of the data was performed to assess their quality and reliability. Various techniques were employed in order to use the data to construct a secular variation (SV) record: moving window with averaging and median, as well as Bayesian statistical modelling. The SV reference curve obtained for the past 4000 years is very similar to that from France, most differences occurring during the early medieval period (or Dark Ages). Two examples of dating of archaeological structures, medieval and pre-Roman, are presented based on the new SV curve for the UK and the implications for archaeomagnetic dating are discussed.

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2002

... The main tectonic units are shown (PZ: Pelagonian zone; VZ: Vardar zone; PRZ: peri-Rhodopean ... more ... The main tectonic units are shown (PZ: Pelagonian zone; VZ: Vardar zone; PRZ: peri-Rhodopean zone; RCC.UPL: upper plate of the Rhodope core complex (Serbomacedonian element); RCC.LPL: lower plate of the Rhodope core complex; RBD: Rhodope beyond the Strymon ...

Radiocarbon, 2014

The present article comprises a multidisciplinary archaeometric approach for the study of Helleni... more The present article comprises a multidisciplinary archaeometric approach for the study of Hellenistic and Early Roman kilns in Greece. A collection of previously published and new archaeomagnetic data are combined with new results from mineralogical analytical experiments. The sampled material came from four areas, covering different geological contexts: Katerini, Olympiada, and Polymylos in mainland Greece, and the island of Paros. Extensive rock-magnetic experiments, including identification of the dominant ferromagnetic minerals present, their domain state, and mineralogical alterations during laboratory treatments, have been carried out in order to examine the magnetic properties of the studied materials and prove their suitability for reliable archaeomagnetic determinations. Magnetic cleaning provided well-defined archaeomagnetic directions, and archaeointensity measurements were carried out using both the Thellier-Thellier and Triaxe protocols. Information from both magnetic and mineralogical properties referring to firing conditions is further discussed along with archaeological information. Finally, a new dating of the four sites together with other structures of similar age was carried out using the Pavón-Carrasco model.

Tectonophysics, 2013

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on the Tertiary granitoids of the Rhodope Massif, Northern Gre... more ABSTRACT The present study focuses on the Tertiary granitoids of the Rhodope Massif, Northern Greece, namely the Early Miocene Symvolon pluton and the composite Miocene–Oligocene Vrondou pluton. In this paper we provide new anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from Symvolon pluton, discussed along with previously published ones from Vrondou, as well as new paleomagnetic data from samples widely distributed over both studied regions, combined with macroscopic observations and microtextural examinations. The magnetic fabric study pointed out anisotropic bodies with strong preferred orientations of the magnetic grains; however, the paleomagnetic vectors, corrected for anisotropy effect, remain unchanged. Two groups of magnetic lineations were identified: a prevailing NE-SW-trending linear fabric, visible mainly in the Early Miocene plutons, and a second NW-SE-trending fabric, clearly imprinted in the Mid-Oligocene eastern part of the Vrondou pluton. Macro- and microtextural study revealed the presence of magmatic textures, mainly in eastern Vrondou, and sub-solidus plastic deformation textures in Symvolon and western Vrondou. Paleomagnetic results displayed a complex pattern with prevailing clockwise rotations reinforcing the existing pattern for N. Greece and supporting the capacity of granitic bodies to reliably record the Earth's magnetic field independently of their anisotropy.

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2008

This project seeks to address the lack of geomagnetic field data for the territory of Romania by ... more This project seeks to address the lack of geomagnetic field data for the territory of Romania by sampling and analysing burnt archaeological features and sediments. The aim of this paper is to present the initial directional results and some magnetic mineralogical determinations from five features sampled during the first field season. Representative examples of directional and magnetic mineralogical analyses are

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2008

Three pottery kilns from a large Hellenistic ceramic workshop at Katerini (Macedonia, Northern Gr... more Three pottery kilns from a large Hellenistic ceramic workshop at Katerini (Macedonia, Northern Greece) were studied archaeomagnetically. Palaeomagnetic investigation revealed a stable remanent magnetisation, well grouped with a mean direction of Dsite=349.3, Isite=57.6 (k=1913.0; α95=2.8). A few samples exhibited anomalous results, this behaviour being related to sample locations in the archaeological feature, where the heating was probably not homogeneous. Archaeointensity

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2008

ABSTRACT no No Abstract

Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004

1] We report on new paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from Plio-... more 1] We report on new paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary units from Corinth and Megara basins (Peloponnesus, Greece). Paleomagnetic results show that Megara basin has undergone vertical axis CW rotation since the Pliocene, while Corinth has rotated CCW during the same period of time. These results indicate that the overall deformation in central Greece has been achieved by complex interactions of mostly rigid, rotating, fault bounded crustal blocks. The comparison of paleomagnetic results and existing GPS data shows that the boundaries of the rigid blocks in central Greece have changed over time, with faulting migrating into the hanging walls, sometimes changing in orientation. The Megara basin belonged to the Beotia-Locris block in the past but has now been incorporated into the Peloponnesus block, possibly because the faulting in the Gulf of Corinth has propagated both north and east. Paleomagnetic and GPS data from Megara and Corinth basins have significant implications for the deformation style of the continental lithosphere. In areas of distributed deformation the continental lithosphere behaves instantaneously like a small number of rigid blocks with well-defined boundaries. This means that these boundaries could be detected with only few years of observations with GPS. However, on a larger time interval the block boundaries change with time as the active fault moves. Paleomagnetic studies distinguishing differential rotational domains provide a useful tool to map how block boundaries change with time.

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2010

low Curie temperature phase with a narrow grain size distribution. The results were characterized... more low Curie temperature phase with a narrow grain size distribution. The results were characterized by low dispersion and were found in good agreement with the historical field.

ABSTRACT Recent geodetic investigations have shown significative vertical-axis rotations in the a... more ABSTRACT Recent geodetic investigations have shown significative vertical-axis rotations in the area of the Corinth Rift. These rotations are associated with a westward increase in rift opening velocity. To compare rotation rates averaged over different time-scales we car- ried out a paleomagnetic investigation in the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of the Corinth and Megara basins. According to recent studies these deposits have been uplifted in the last 1 My, by the basinward migration of the active fault system bounding the rift. Assuming a stable Eurasian paleomagnetic reference pole we compare our paleoag- netic rotations with geodetic rotations inferred from GPS velocity fields in a stable Eurasian frame. Paleomagnetic results show the presence of about 15 CCW rotation of the marly deposits of the Corinth Rift and about 20 CW rotation of the deposits of the Megara basin. These results suggest an indipendent kinematics behaviour of the two basins, already suggested on structural and geomorphological basis. The CCW ro- tations in the Corinth Rift are also consistent with the regional structural framework, where the westward increase in opening velocity is linked to the relative rotation of the Sterea Ellas and Peloponnisos blocks. CCW rotations also suggests that the Corinth basin has been kinematically independent from the Western and Central Peloponnisos, where previous paleomagnetic data show Plio-Pleistocene CW rotations.

ABSTRACT Since 1951, the character of Greece has changed from a mainly agricultural into a more i... more ABSTRACT Since 1951, the character of Greece has changed from a mainly agricultural into a more industrial country. In the course of the economic revival, this change implied a rapid development of urban and industrial areas, resulting in serious consequences for the Hellenic environment. The present study focuses on fly ash and heavy metal pollution, one of the major environmental problems of the broader Kozani - Ptolemaida region (northern Greece) where five power plants are operating. The target of the project was twofold: (a) to challenge the correlation between ferrimagnetic mineral content and geochemical properties of samples from polluted areas, (b) to estimate the spatial distribution of several pollutants within the study area. Towards this scope, the magnetic susceptibility was mapped using a Bartington susceptibility meter (MS2D-loop) with a resolution of 1Ã-1 km, and soil samples were collected from each measurement point. After drying and sieving, the specimens were subjected to several laboratory experiments: measurement of magnetic low-field susceptibility at low and high frequency, isothermal remanence acquisition, thermomagnetic analyses, alternating field demagnetization of both natural and isothermal remanent magnetization, anhysteretic remanence experiments and hysteresis loops. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the studied soils were determined by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-AES analyses were carried out on HNO3 digests from the same samples. The in-situ susceptibility values exhibit significant variation, ranging from very low background values (7Ã-10-5 SI) to high values (730Ã-10-5 SI), with a mean of 141Ã-10-5 SI. The same variation arises from laboratory susceptibility measurements at low and high frequency, with a mean frequency dependence (F-factor) of 5 %. Preliminary geochemical measurements indicate concentrations of 40-360 mg(Cr3+)/kg, 10-30 mg(Cu)/kg, 3523-21543 mg(Fe)/kg, 195-1150 mg(Mn)/kg, 46-471 mg(Ni)/kg, 3-25 mg(Pb)/kg and 19-70 mg(Zn)/kg. An excellent linear correlation was found between magnetic susceptibility and the concentrations of soil Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb, whereas the correlation between magnetic susceptibility and concentration of Zn and Cr3+ in soil was poor, suggesting that the pollutants are physically not related to the magnetic minerals.

Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2010

... Irene Zananiri1, Vassilios Hademenos1 and Christos Piteros2 ... 2008); over the past 50 years... more ... Irene Zananiri1, Vassilios Hademenos1 and Christos Piteros2 ... 2008); over the past 50 years, advanced geophysical techniques have been widely employed to assist archaeologists during excavation planning (eg Pattanty`us (1986), Patella and Hesse (1999), Sarris and Jones ...

Μεταλλευτικών Ερευνών, Ολυμπιακό Χωριό (Γ' Είσοδος), 136 77 Αχαρναί, izanan@igme.gr ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Ο Κο... more Μεταλλευτικών Ερευνών, Ολυμπιακό Χωριό (Γ' Είσοδος), 136 77 Αχαρναί, izanan@igme.gr ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Ο Κορινθιακός κόλπος αποτελεί ένα γεωλογικό εργαστήριο που παραμορφώνεται από εφελκυστικές κινήσεις διεύθυνσης Β-Ν, και εδώ και είκοσι και πλέον χρόνια κινεί το ενδιαφέρον της διεθνούς επιστημονικής κοινότητας. Στην εργασία αυτή γίνεται μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση της ερευνητικής δραστηριότητας στην περιοχή και ομαδοποιούνται οι ερευνητικές ομάδες ανάλογα με τη μεθοδολογία που εφαρμόστηκε. Επίσης, παρουσιάζονται νέα δεδομένα σχετικά με τις αποθέσεις Τυρρηνίων ιζημάτων στη χερσόνησο της Περαχώρας και γίνεται συσχέτιση αυτών με αρχαιολογικά στοιχεία. Ο πλούτος των απολιθωμάτων των Τυρρηνίων ιζημάτων -μεταξύ των οποίων αφθονούν Spondylus Gaederopus και Glycimeris -αναδεικνύει την περιοχή σε εξέχον φυσικό παλαιοντολογικό μουσείο.

Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2009

Since 1951, the character of Greece has changed from a mainly agricultural into a more industrial... more Since 1951, the character of Greece has changed from a mainly agricultural into a more industrial country. In the course of the economic revival, this change implied a rapid development of urban and industrial areas, resulting in serious consequences for the Hellenic environment. The present study focuses on fly ash and heavy metal pollution, one of the major environmental problems of the broader Kozani - Ptolemaida region (northern Greece) where five power plants are operating. The target of the project was twofold: (a) to challenge the correlation between ferrimagnetic mineral content and geochemical properties of samples from polluted areas, (b) to estimate the spatial distribution of several pollutants within the study area. Towards this scope, the magnetic susceptibility was mapped using a Bartington susceptibility meter (MS2D-loop) with a resolution of 1Ã-1 km, and soil samples were collected from each measurement point. After drying and sieving, the specimens were subjected to several laboratory experiments: measurement of magnetic low-field susceptibility at low and high frequency, isothermal remanence acquisition, thermomagnetic analyses, alternating field demagnetization of both natural and isothermal remanent magnetization, anhysteretic remanence experiments and hysteresis loops. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the studied soils were determined by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-AES analyses were carried out on HNO3 digests from the same samples. The in-situ susceptibility values exhibit significant variation, ranging from very low background values (7Ã-10-5 SI) to high values (730Ã-10-5 SI), with a mean of 141Ã-10-5 SI. The same variation arises from laboratory susceptibility measurements at low and high frequency, with a mean frequency dependence (F-factor) of 5 %. Preliminary geochemical measurements indicate concentrations of 40-360 mg(Cr3+)/kg, 10-30 mg(Cu)/kg, 3523-21543 mg(Fe)/kg, 195-1150 mg(Mn)/kg, 46-471 mg(Ni)/kg, 3-25 mg(Pb)/kg and 19-70 mg(Zn)/kg. An excellent linear correlation was found between magnetic susceptibility and the concentrations of soil Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb, whereas the correlation between magnetic susceptibility and concentration of Zn and Cr3+ in soil was poor, suggesting that the pollutants are physically not related to the magnetic minerals.

Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2010

The ancient town of Palea Epidavros, inhabited since the 3rd millennium B.C., has not been system... more The ancient town of Palea Epidavros, inhabited since the 3rd millennium B.C., has not been systematically excavated; however, numerous ruins, from different eras, outcrop all over the so-called "Nisi", which is the Greek term for island, peninsula. Thus, several questions are still open concerning the palaeogeographic evolution of the area and especially the strait of Nisi. Towards this scope a non-invasive geophysical and stratigraphy study was carried out in the broader area of Palea Epidavros, in order to investigate the possible presence of a marine channel between the Nisi peninsula and the main coast. The fieldwork comprised vertical electric soundings, measurements of the total magnetic field and drilling of two exploratory boreholes, reaching 12.16m and 14.40m respectively. The locations of the fieldwork activities were determined in collaboration with archaeologists from the 4th E.P.C.A. Detailed textural examination was carried out for the drilled cores and laboratory magnetic measurements were performed on samples: low and high field magnetic susceptibility, frequency dependence calculation, isothermal remanence acquisition and thermomagnetic analyses. The data management and cartographic representation was performed using Geographic Information Systems, where a geographic database was created, including all available information for the broader Palea Epidavros area: local geology, topographic features, satellite images and archaeological data.

Tertiary plutonic bodies crop out over large areas in the Rhodope Massif, Northern Greece. A deta... more Tertiary plutonic bodies crop out over large areas in the Rhodope Massif, Northern Greece. A detailed magnetic study has been undertaken on the composite Vrondou granitoid. This large, almost 300 km2, pluton is composed of two different intrusions: the locally strongly mylonitized Early Miocene West Vrondou, and the isotropic-looking Early Oligocene East Vrondou body. However, the boundary between these two parts is still unknown; this is one of the issues our study will attempt to clarify. Both AMS (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility) and paleomagnetic measurements were performed on samples from 40 sites spread around the pluton. High bulk magnetic susceptibility indicates that the main carriers of susceptibility are ferromagnetic minerals; further analysis verified the contribution of magnetite and haematite. The anisotropy degree ranges from 18 to 60% and the shape parameter, T, manifests mostly oblate ellipsoids. Both demagnetization techniques were used in samples from all t...

Absolute palaeointensity determination is a long-winded and complicated procedure. The Thellier-T... more Absolute palaeointensity determination is a long-winded and complicated procedure. The Thellier-Thellier technique, in particular, requires multiple heating and cooling steps. Magnetic minerals are often chemically unstable, and multiple heatings may cause oxidation, hence aiding the subsequent neo-formation of remanence carriers during the procedure. Samples from recent rhyodacitic lava flows on Santorini (Southern Greece)and archaeological material (burnt clay) from two Hellenistic pottery kilns at Katerini (Northern Greece) have been tested for their thermal stability. Small specimens were used to study the temperature dependence of magnetic low-field susceptibility, using a Thellier-Thellier like measurement sequence. The remanence properties were tested on palaeomagnetic standard sized samples by detailed alternating field (AF) demagnetisation of isothermal remanent magnetisation (IRM) and IRM acquisition at different annealing temperatures. The coercivity content was analysed ...

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

The magnetization of batholiths is often unstable as a result of slow cooling and unroofing durin... more The magnetization of batholiths is often unstable as a result of slow cooling and unroofing during their formation. These factors favour crystallization of coarse grains and mineralogical changes. Nevertheless, numerous studies have revealed the existence of stable magnetic recordings in batholiths, which can help to unravel the history of the pluton as far as its stability, translation or tilting is concerned. When an accurate isochron is established, it is possible to date the magnetic components through to blocking temperature spectra since isotopic and magnetic closure temperatures can be compatible. Finally, additional examination of other geophysical data and estimation of cooling rates can help the detection of burial conditions of the pluton. The majority of the above conditions apply successfully to large plutonic bodies. The present study focuses on Tertiary plutons in Northern Greece, covering more than 1200km2, classified from intermediate to large (70-430km2): Elatia, S...

A detailed rock magnetic study of eight historical dacitic lava flows from Santorini, covering th... more A detailed rock magnetic study of eight historical dacitic lava flows from Santorini, covering the time interval between 46 AD and 1950 AD, is presented along with palaeointensity determinations encompassing different experimental approaches such as: the classical Thellier-Thellier method (Thellier and Thellier 1959), Coe's version of the Thellier-Thellier method (Coe 1967), Shaw's alternating field method (Shaw 1974), the Microwave Thellier-Thellier approach (Walton et al. 1992, 1993) and the continuous high temperature magnetisation measurement method recently developed by Le Goff and Gallet (2004). The obtained palaeointensity results are compared with the Greek data base and the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). Eventually, non-dipole field variations at Athens during the past 2000 years are discussed and compared with those at Paris. Thermomagnetic and isothermal magnetisation curve measurements reveal the presence of two physically distinct magnetic min...

Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2007

This paper examines the limitations and deficiencies of the current British archaeomagnetic calib... more This paper examines the limitations and deficiencies of the current British archaeomagnetic calibration curve and applies several mathematical approaches in an attempt to produce an improved secular variation curve for the UK for use in archaeomagnetic dating. The dataset compiled is the most complete available in the UK, incorporating published results, PhD theses and unpublished laboratory reports. It comprises 620 archaeomagnetic (directional) data and 238 direct observations of the geomagnetic field, and includes all relevant information available about the site, the archaeomagnetic direction and the archaeological age. A thorough examination of the data was performed to assess their quality and reliability. Various techniques were employed in order to use the data to construct a secular variation (SV) record: moving window with averaging and median, as well as Bayesian statistical modelling. The SV reference curve obtained for the past 4000 years is very similar to that from France, most differences occurring during the early medieval period (or Dark Ages). Two examples of dating of archaeological structures, medieval and pre-Roman, are presented based on the new SV curve for the UK and the implications for archaeomagnetic dating are discussed.

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2002

... The main tectonic units are shown (PZ: Pelagonian zone; VZ: Vardar zone; PRZ: peri-Rhodopean ... more ... The main tectonic units are shown (PZ: Pelagonian zone; VZ: Vardar zone; PRZ: peri-Rhodopean zone; RCC.UPL: upper plate of the Rhodope core complex (Serbomacedonian element); RCC.LPL: lower plate of the Rhodope core complex; RBD: Rhodope beyond the Strymon ...

Radiocarbon, 2014

The present article comprises a multidisciplinary archaeometric approach for the study of Helleni... more The present article comprises a multidisciplinary archaeometric approach for the study of Hellenistic and Early Roman kilns in Greece. A collection of previously published and new archaeomagnetic data are combined with new results from mineralogical analytical experiments. The sampled material came from four areas, covering different geological contexts: Katerini, Olympiada, and Polymylos in mainland Greece, and the island of Paros. Extensive rock-magnetic experiments, including identification of the dominant ferromagnetic minerals present, their domain state, and mineralogical alterations during laboratory treatments, have been carried out in order to examine the magnetic properties of the studied materials and prove their suitability for reliable archaeomagnetic determinations. Magnetic cleaning provided well-defined archaeomagnetic directions, and archaeointensity measurements were carried out using both the Thellier-Thellier and Triaxe protocols. Information from both magnetic and mineralogical properties referring to firing conditions is further discussed along with archaeological information. Finally, a new dating of the four sites together with other structures of similar age was carried out using the Pavón-Carrasco model.

Tectonophysics, 2013

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on the Tertiary granitoids of the Rhodope Massif, Northern Gre... more ABSTRACT The present study focuses on the Tertiary granitoids of the Rhodope Massif, Northern Greece, namely the Early Miocene Symvolon pluton and the composite Miocene–Oligocene Vrondou pluton. In this paper we provide new anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from Symvolon pluton, discussed along with previously published ones from Vrondou, as well as new paleomagnetic data from samples widely distributed over both studied regions, combined with macroscopic observations and microtextural examinations. The magnetic fabric study pointed out anisotropic bodies with strong preferred orientations of the magnetic grains; however, the paleomagnetic vectors, corrected for anisotropy effect, remain unchanged. Two groups of magnetic lineations were identified: a prevailing NE-SW-trending linear fabric, visible mainly in the Early Miocene plutons, and a second NW-SE-trending fabric, clearly imprinted in the Mid-Oligocene eastern part of the Vrondou pluton. Macro- and microtextural study revealed the presence of magmatic textures, mainly in eastern Vrondou, and sub-solidus plastic deformation textures in Symvolon and western Vrondou. Paleomagnetic results displayed a complex pattern with prevailing clockwise rotations reinforcing the existing pattern for N. Greece and supporting the capacity of granitic bodies to reliably record the Earth's magnetic field independently of their anisotropy.

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2008

This project seeks to address the lack of geomagnetic field data for the territory of Romania by ... more This project seeks to address the lack of geomagnetic field data for the territory of Romania by sampling and analysing burnt archaeological features and sediments. The aim of this paper is to present the initial directional results and some magnetic mineralogical determinations from five features sampled during the first field season. Representative examples of directional and magnetic mineralogical analyses are

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2008

Three pottery kilns from a large Hellenistic ceramic workshop at Katerini (Macedonia, Northern Gr... more Three pottery kilns from a large Hellenistic ceramic workshop at Katerini (Macedonia, Northern Greece) were studied archaeomagnetically. Palaeomagnetic investigation revealed a stable remanent magnetisation, well grouped with a mean direction of Dsite=349.3, Isite=57.6 (k=1913.0; α95=2.8). A few samples exhibited anomalous results, this behaviour being related to sample locations in the archaeological feature, where the heating was probably not homogeneous. Archaeointensity

Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 2008

ABSTRACT no No Abstract

Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004

1] We report on new paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from Plio-... more 1] We report on new paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data from Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary units from Corinth and Megara basins (Peloponnesus, Greece). Paleomagnetic results show that Megara basin has undergone vertical axis CW rotation since the Pliocene, while Corinth has rotated CCW during the same period of time. These results indicate that the overall deformation in central Greece has been achieved by complex interactions of mostly rigid, rotating, fault bounded crustal blocks. The comparison of paleomagnetic results and existing GPS data shows that the boundaries of the rigid blocks in central Greece have changed over time, with faulting migrating into the hanging walls, sometimes changing in orientation. The Megara basin belonged to the Beotia-Locris block in the past but has now been incorporated into the Peloponnesus block, possibly because the faulting in the Gulf of Corinth has propagated both north and east. Paleomagnetic and GPS data from Megara and Corinth basins have significant implications for the deformation style of the continental lithosphere. In areas of distributed deformation the continental lithosphere behaves instantaneously like a small number of rigid blocks with well-defined boundaries. This means that these boundaries could be detected with only few years of observations with GPS. However, on a larger time interval the block boundaries change with time as the active fault moves. Paleomagnetic studies distinguishing differential rotational domains provide a useful tool to map how block boundaries change with time.

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2010

low Curie temperature phase with a narrow grain size distribution. The results were characterized... more low Curie temperature phase with a narrow grain size distribution. The results were characterized by low dispersion and were found in good agreement with the historical field.

ABSTRACT Recent geodetic investigations have shown significative vertical-axis rotations in the a... more ABSTRACT Recent geodetic investigations have shown significative vertical-axis rotations in the area of the Corinth Rift. These rotations are associated with a westward increase in rift opening velocity. To compare rotation rates averaged over different time-scales we car- ried out a paleomagnetic investigation in the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of the Corinth and Megara basins. According to recent studies these deposits have been uplifted in the last 1 My, by the basinward migration of the active fault system bounding the rift. Assuming a stable Eurasian paleomagnetic reference pole we compare our paleoag- netic rotations with geodetic rotations inferred from GPS velocity fields in a stable Eurasian frame. Paleomagnetic results show the presence of about 15 CCW rotation of the marly deposits of the Corinth Rift and about 20 CW rotation of the deposits of the Megara basin. These results suggest an indipendent kinematics behaviour of the two basins, already suggested on structural and geomorphological basis. The CCW ro- tations in the Corinth Rift are also consistent with the regional structural framework, where the westward increase in opening velocity is linked to the relative rotation of the Sterea Ellas and Peloponnisos blocks. CCW rotations also suggests that the Corinth basin has been kinematically independent from the Western and Central Peloponnisos, where previous paleomagnetic data show Plio-Pleistocene CW rotations.

ABSTRACT Since 1951, the character of Greece has changed from a mainly agricultural into a more i... more ABSTRACT Since 1951, the character of Greece has changed from a mainly agricultural into a more industrial country. In the course of the economic revival, this change implied a rapid development of urban and industrial areas, resulting in serious consequences for the Hellenic environment. The present study focuses on fly ash and heavy metal pollution, one of the major environmental problems of the broader Kozani - Ptolemaida region (northern Greece) where five power plants are operating. The target of the project was twofold: (a) to challenge the correlation between ferrimagnetic mineral content and geochemical properties of samples from polluted areas, (b) to estimate the spatial distribution of several pollutants within the study area. Towards this scope, the magnetic susceptibility was mapped using a Bartington susceptibility meter (MS2D-loop) with a resolution of 1Ã-1 km, and soil samples were collected from each measurement point. After drying and sieving, the specimens were subjected to several laboratory experiments: measurement of magnetic low-field susceptibility at low and high frequency, isothermal remanence acquisition, thermomagnetic analyses, alternating field demagnetization of both natural and isothermal remanent magnetization, anhysteretic remanence experiments and hysteresis loops. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the studied soils were determined by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-AES analyses were carried out on HNO3 digests from the same samples. The in-situ susceptibility values exhibit significant variation, ranging from very low background values (7Ã-10-5 SI) to high values (730Ã-10-5 SI), with a mean of 141Ã-10-5 SI. The same variation arises from laboratory susceptibility measurements at low and high frequency, with a mean frequency dependence (F-factor) of 5 %. Preliminary geochemical measurements indicate concentrations of 40-360 mg(Cr3+)/kg, 10-30 mg(Cu)/kg, 3523-21543 mg(Fe)/kg, 195-1150 mg(Mn)/kg, 46-471 mg(Ni)/kg, 3-25 mg(Pb)/kg and 19-70 mg(Zn)/kg. An excellent linear correlation was found between magnetic susceptibility and the concentrations of soil Fe, Mn, Cu and Pb, whereas the correlation between magnetic susceptibility and concentration of Zn and Cr3+ in soil was poor, suggesting that the pollutants are physically not related to the magnetic minerals.

Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2010

... Irene Zananiri1, Vassilios Hademenos1 and Christos Piteros2 ... 2008); over the past 50 years... more ... Irene Zananiri1, Vassilios Hademenos1 and Christos Piteros2 ... 2008); over the past 50 years, advanced geophysical techniques have been widely employed to assist archaeologists during excavation planning (eg Pattanty`us (1986), Patella and Hesse (1999), Sarris and Jones ...

Μεταλλευτικών Ερευνών, Ολυμπιακό Χωριό (Γ' Είσοδος), 136 77 Αχαρναί, izanan@igme.gr ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Ο Κο... more Μεταλλευτικών Ερευνών, Ολυμπιακό Χωριό (Γ' Είσοδος), 136 77 Αχαρναί, izanan@igme.gr ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ Ο Κορινθιακός κόλπος αποτελεί ένα γεωλογικό εργαστήριο που παραμορφώνεται από εφελκυστικές κινήσεις διεύθυνσης Β-Ν, και εδώ και είκοσι και πλέον χρόνια κινεί το ενδιαφέρον της διεθνούς επιστημονικής κοινότητας. Στην εργασία αυτή γίνεται μια βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση της ερευνητικής δραστηριότητας στην περιοχή και ομαδοποιούνται οι ερευνητικές ομάδες ανάλογα με τη μεθοδολογία που εφαρμόστηκε. Επίσης, παρουσιάζονται νέα δεδομένα σχετικά με τις αποθέσεις Τυρρηνίων ιζημάτων στη χερσόνησο της Περαχώρας και γίνεται συσχέτιση αυτών με αρχαιολογικά στοιχεία. Ο πλούτος των απολιθωμάτων των Τυρρηνίων ιζημάτων -μεταξύ των οποίων αφθονούν Spondylus Gaederopus και Glycimeris -αναδεικνύει την περιοχή σε εξέχον φυσικό παλαιοντολογικό μουσείο.