Irfan Gul - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Irfan Gul

International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, Aug 28, 2017

Cardiac disease is one of the important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity both in antepar... more Cardiac disease is one of the important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity both in antepartum and postpartum period. Cardiac disease in pregnancy is broadly divided into congenital and acquired. The acquired group includes RHD, cardiomyopathies and ischemic heart disease. Of these, in developing countries rheumatic heart disease is the commonest type, whereas cardiomyopathies and congenital heart disease one more common in developed countries. Among all presentations of Rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis is the predominant lesion and accounts for nearly three quarters of all cases.

Annals of International medical and Dental Research, Feb 19, 2017

Background: Diabetes is worldwide one of most common cause of peripheral neuropathy(PN).Diabetes ... more Background: Diabetes is worldwide one of most common cause of peripheral neuropathy(PN).Diabetes is associated with high level of serum homocysteine level and prevalence of hyperhomocysteinem was strongly associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in multiple logistic regression model that adjusted for factors that may influence homocysteine level and neuropathy. Methods: This study was conducted in department of medicine GMC Srinagar. 207 type 2 diabetic patients with clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were enrolled in across sectional study after detail history and relevant clinical examination. All base line biochemical investigation along with serum total homocysteine level were done after confirmation of peripheral neuropathy by electro diagnostic test (NCS) nerve conduction study. Results: 207 consecutive patients were enrolled with. Mean age of patients was 60.92±6.01SD (41-80 years). Females 70%, NCV was abnormal in 64 patients (30.9%), 55 axonopathy (85.9 %) and 9 with Demyelination (14.1%). Motor abnormalities n10 (15.6%), sensory n 38(59.3%), Mixed n 16 (25%). Mean age of patients with abnormal NCV was 61.86±8.03 years significant (p value=0.0034). Female sex, urban population, and increased homocysteine levels was associated with increased risk of NCS abnormalities p value of 0.001, 0.0001and 0.001 respectively the mean homocysteine level with abnormal NCS was 23.22μmol/l and 13.28μmol/l in normal NCS. A higher homocysteine levels was associated with increased risk of abnormal NCS (p value .000001). Conclusion: Elevated Homocysteine concentration was major risk factor for development of neuropathy in diabetics though our study being a small scale hospital based study.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (C... more Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have spurted in three major waves in India at different times and had different levels of severity in different waves. The objective of our study was to determine the comparative mortality rate in three COVID-19 waves and determine the factors associated with mortality. Methods: We identified a cohort of 1,132 COVID-19 patients who were admitted between April 14, 2020 and February 08, 2022 at our center. All the admitted patients with positive COVID–polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. Sample characteristics were determined by screening age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, symptomatology of COVID, patient status on admission, baseline investigations, comorbidities, medical history, oxygen dosage needed during admission, the span of hospital stay, diagnosis, and vitals such as blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation. All the data were procur...

Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017

Background: Diabetes is worldwide one of most common cause of peripheral neuropathy(PN).Diabetes ... more Background: Diabetes is worldwide one of most common cause of peripheral neuropathy(PN).Diabetes is associated with high level of serum homocysteine level and prevalence of hyperhomocysteinem was strongly associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in multiple logistic regression model that adjusted for factors that may influence homocysteine level and neuropathy. Methods: This study was conducted in department of medicine GMC Srinagar. 207 type 2 diabetic patients with clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were enrolled in across sectional study after detail history and relevant clinical examination. All base line biochemical investigation along with serum total homocysteine level were done after confirmation of peripheral neuropathy by electro diagnostic test (NCS) nerve conduction study. Results: 207 consecutive patients were enrolled with. Mean age of patients was 60.92±6.01SD (41-80 years). Females 70%, NCV was abnormal in 64 patients (30.9%), 55 axonopathy (85.9 %) and 9 with Demyelination (14.1%). Motor abnormalities n10 (15.6%), sensory n 38(59.3%), Mixed n 16 (25%). Mean age of patients with abnormal NCV was 61.86±8.03 years significant (p value=0.0034). Female sex, urban population, and increased homocysteine levels was associated with increased risk of NCS abnormalities p value of 0.001, 0.0001and 0.001 respectively the mean homocysteine level with abnormal NCS was 23.22μmol/l and 13.28μmol/l in normal NCS. A higher homocysteine levels was associated with increased risk of abnormal NCS (p value .000001). Conclusion: Elevated Homocysteine concentration was major risk factor for development of neuropathy in diabetics though our study being a small scale hospital based study.

Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2017

Background; Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic diseases all over the world. Globally, a... more Background; Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic diseases all over the world. Globally, an estimated 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014, compared to 108 million in 1980 the global prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled. Diabetic Neuropathy is one of the commonest long term complications of diabetes mellitus Aims And Objectives: To study the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and pattern of nerve involvement on nerve conduction study neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes and correlate clinical biochemical features of diabetes with degree peripheral neuropathy. Method ; 200 diabetics with symptom suggestive of peripheral neuropathy attending medical OPD were studied after written consent and nerve conduction study was performed Result . Mean age was60.92±6.01SD (41-80 years). Females 70% (n=140) outnumbered males (n=60) 130 patients were on OHA’s and 70 on insulin therap.184 patients i.e. 92% presented with complaints of tingling sensation ,64% had burning fee...

Introduction developing countries. Kashmir has high incidence of million acute poisoning cases wi... more Introduction developing countries. Kashmir has high incidence of million acute poisoning cases with 2, 20,000 deaths occur annually. Of these, 90% of fatal poisoning occurs in developing countries particularly among agricultural workers 50,000 to the frequent use of pesticides in agriculture and exposure to hazardous chemical compounds as a result of industrialization. with an Aim to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of acute poisoning in Kashmir region, Material and methods poisoning brought to emergen acute poisoning due to drugs and chemicals. Cases of Snake bite, insect bite, food poisoning and allergic reaction to drugs were not included in the study. Data regarding age, sex, marital st occupation, locality, type of poison, route of exposure, and associated co collected from the hospital records and documented in the pre documented and statistically analysed presented to emergency department over period of six months. Female outnumber male with78.18 % (258 number of...

Background: Objective: A hospital based observational study of Primary headache disorders among p... more Background: Objective: A hospital based observational study of Primary headache disorders among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospitals in Srinagar. Methods: The study sample comprised of pregnant women who reported to ante-natal clinics or medical outpatients department of associated hospitals of Govt. medical College, Srinagar, with the chief complaint of headache. A pretested questionnaire was presented to the participants and the diagnosis of various primary headache disorders was established by adopting the ICHD-2 criteria. Results: Among 2000 women screened, 34.25% of cases complained of headaches during pregnancy. Primary headache disorders (migraine, tension-type headache) was observed in 70.51% patients. Conclusion: Among primary headache disorders, migraine and tension type headache were observed in (59.48%) and (39.65%) cases respectively.

The viral strains of the Newcastle disease virus have exhibited genetic and pathogenic diversity ... more The viral strains of the Newcastle disease virus have exhibited genetic and pathogenic diversity since their discovery, which is mainly influenced by mutations in the Fusion gene. This study focused on describing the circulating Newcastle disease virus strain based on the Fusion gene sequencing of three isolates: JKND01, JKND02, and JKND03, which were isolated from commercial poultry in Kashmir. Phylogenetic analysis identified the isolates as Genotype VIIi with the virulent fusion cleavage site motif (113RQKRF117). Homology analysis of amino acid sequences identified amino acid substitutions in the Fusion protein of the isolates compared to the reference strains. In silico mutational analysis revealed that the amino acid changes impact the structure of the protein, potentially affecting the functional behaviour of the virus. Moreover, predictive analysis of potential post-translational modification motifs showed a loss of an N-glycosylation site and the acquisition of a phosphoryla...

Viruses

Vaccination is widely used to control Infectious Bronchitis in poultry; however, the limited cros... more Vaccination is widely used to control Infectious Bronchitis in poultry; however, the limited cross-protection and safety issues associated with these vaccines can lead to vaccination failures. Keeping these limitations in mind, the current study explored the antiviral potential of phytocompounds against the Infectious Bronchitis virus using in silico approaches. A total of 1300 phytocompounds derived from fourteen botanicals were screened for their potential ability to inhibit the main protease, papain-like protease or RNA-dependent RNA–polymerase of the virus. The study identified Methyl Rosmarinate, Cianidanol, Royleanone, and 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone as dual-target inhibitors against any two of the key proteins. At the same time, 7-alpha-Acetoxyroyleanone from Rosmarinus officinalis was found to be a multi-target protein inhibitor against all three proteins. The potential multi-target inhibitor was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability of the protein–li...

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Infectious bursal disease virus is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease (Gumboro dise... more Infectious bursal disease virus is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease), a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease of chicken with a substantial economic impact on small- and large-scale poultry industries worldwide. Currently, live attenuated vaccines are widely used to control the disease in chickens despite their issues with safety (immunosuppression and bursal atrophy) and efficiency (breaking through the maternally-derived antibody titer). To overcome the drawbacks, the current study has, for the first time, attempted to construct a computational model of a multiepitope based vaccine candidate against infectious bursal disease virus, which has the potential to overcome the safety and protection issues found in the existing live-attenuated vaccines. The current study used a reverse vaccinology based immunoinformatics approach to construct the vaccine candidate using major and minor capsid proteins of the virus, VP2 and VP3, respectively. The vac...

In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze and estimate the macroeconomic forecasting for... more In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze and estimate the macroeconomic forecasting for Pakistan and its major twelve trading partners for the period of 1995Q1 to 2012Q4, using Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) Model. The key feature of GVAR model is to capture the independence and co-movement across countries. Secondly, it provides better forecasting performance. The GVAR model is estimated for twelve trading economies. During estimation, Pakistan economy is treated as single and domestic economy, whereas the other trading partners are treated as foreign economies. The important findings of this study are that the GVAR forecasts better than the VAR forecasts in most of the cases. Second, the foreign real GDP and foreign inflation rates are reflecting the significant impact of their domestic counterparts of Pakistan real GDP and inflation

Community solar concepts are starting to make noise especially in certain US and European regions... more Community solar concepts are starting to make noise especially in certain US and European regions. In those concepts, any end-user can participate in either purchasing clean energy from a solar PV power plant and/or investing in a portion of such power plants. However, usually these power plants consist of conventional flat PV silicon modules, usually in the MW scale far away from the cities. We propose here to bring solar communities right to the front door of the end-users. With the aim of really socializing solar energy, a Photovoltaic Solar Urban (PSU) power plant is presented, made of very small, but widely spread solar generators especially designed to be attached to any urban furniture (for instance, streetlights) and generate right at the consumption points, avoiding transmission, conversion, tax costs of bringing the energy from far away (almost 40% of the total final price). And also using publicly, widely spread available, already existing and amortized supporting structures (urban furniture). To do so, a novel concept of mini solar module of 40 Wp has been developed and is currently being tested. First simulations on its performance show their worldwide profitability.

Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems are usually destined for large field applications, becau... more Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems are usually destined for large field applications, because the conventional optics applied require mandatory tracking, which implies larger size systems, larger land use and a high quantity of additional hardware. Thus, the use of CPV is very restricted when applied to small size systems, let alone integrated applications. However, the very compact Low CPV (LCPV) module named SoHo3X has shown that it can avoid tracking by using holograms, and yet provide up to 50% more capacity factor than a conventional, fixed flat module, at very competitive costs. This work presents the performance measurements for the first time and uses them to calculate performance at BIPV representing positions, tilts, orientations and latitudes, in order to show how it can be used both in BIPV and also as integrated photovoltaics in urban furniture. The advantage versus integrating conventional modules is not only a higher production, but also a much lighter, more aesthetic product, with less need for solar cell area (concentration factor is around 3X). Conclusion is that SoHo3X shows a much better performance in most cases, with a few exceptions for vertical position at high latitudes. Mechanical load simulations have also been carried out, showing that SoHo3X complies with the strictest mechanical load regulations, fulfilling class I mechanical stability for wind loads, in opposition to conventional flat PV modules.

International Journal of Medical Research Professionals, 2016

Background: Eclampsia (Greek for "shining forth") is an acute and life-threatening complication o... more Background: Eclampsia (Greek for "shining forth") is an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, characterized by the appearance of tonic-clonic seizures, usually in a patient who has developed pre-eclampsia. Present study was conducted to determine effectiveness of low dose magnesium sulphate in control of convulsions in eclampsia & prevention of convulsions in imminent eclampsia. Material & Methods: The prospective hospital based study was conducted in S.P.M.C, Bikaner. The subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of standard and low dose regime of MgSO4. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Results: The present study showed Antepartum convulsion was present in 93 females and out of them 45 and 48 belonged to study and control group while remaining 107 females had imminent eclampsia and the difference was found statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate's narrow therapeutic range mandates that it only be used in the minimum doses which gives efficient control of convulsions and helps in improving maternal and foetal outcome.

Background: Coronary artery disease is often asymptomatic in diabetic patients until the onset of... more Background: Coronary artery disease is often asymptomatic in diabetic patients until the onset of myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death . Coronary artery CT angiography can detect Coronary artery disease with high specificity and sensitivity. Aims &objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery disease by CT angiography in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients asymptomatic for coronary artery disease with one or more additive risk factors for coronary artery disease. Methods: This hospital based observational study was conducted from March 2013 to August 2014 at GMC Srinagar. This study was carried out among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients asymptomatic for coronary artery disease with one or more additional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Total of 52 patients with Type 2 diabetes patient underwent Cardiac CT. Results: Mean age of study population was 57.08 ±9.33 years..34 were males and 18 were females. 65.39% of total patient who underwent CT Angiography ...

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research

International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]

Introduction: Low back ache is the most common problem seen in orthopedic clinic. Low backache wi... more Introduction: Low back ache is the most common problem seen in orthopedic clinic. Low backache with lumbosacral radiculopathy remains the most challenging musculoskeletal problem for its therapeutic management. In around 90% patients, the cause of low back with radiculopathy is a prolapsed disc. Epidural steroid injections are used in the management of patients with subacute or chronic low backache with radiculopathy, not responding to conservative treatment. The aim of study was to check the efficacy of epidural steroid injection in patients of subacute or chronic low backache with radiculopathy due to herniated disc. Material and Methods: The study was conducted over 100 patients reporting to our OPD with chief complaints of LBA with radiculopathy, not responding to conservative treatment. Maximum of three epidural steroid injections were given with two weeks of interval in between. The patients were assessed before and after the procedure and assessment was done using VAS scoring system. Results: In our study, 80% patients got a significant improvement in symptoms according to VAS scoring system. Out of them, 70% improved with only a single dose of ESI, 20% with the second dose and the remaining 10% after third dose. Also the procedure was found to be more effective in treating patients of subacute low backache with radiculopathy rather than the chronic one. Conclusion: ESI is a safe, cost effective and minimally invasive method of treating patients of subacute or chronic LBA with radiculopathy due to herniated disc. The procedure decreases analgesic use and allows early return to work.

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research

To evaluate the efficacy of VAC in wound healing. Materials and Methods: This prospective study w... more To evaluate the efficacy of VAC in wound healing. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done from September 2016 to August 2017 over 20 patients who presented in our hospital with severe wounds. These wounds were either traumatic, idiopathic or iatrogenic; either infective or non-infective. We had 13 males and 7 females in our study, with age ranging from 15 to 65 years. VAC was applied to all the wounds in continuous mode at pressure of 125 mmHg. The parameters assessed were nature of the wound, status of infection along with infecting organism, length of VAC application, number of dressings required and complications, if any, related to the use of this therapy. All patients were followed for a period of 3 months. Results: Among 20 patients, we lost 1 patient in follow-up. Rest 19 patients (95%) were treated successfully. Cost of dressings was less. There was a significant reduction in wound infection in infected cases and a rapid rate of granulation tissue formation in all cases. Graft uptake in the form of PTSG was seen in all the grafted patients. There was no major complication. Conclusion: VAC is a safe and reliable option in the treatment of wounds with better healing, graft uptake and reduced hospital stay. It appears as a promising alternative for the management of various wound types including infected wounds.

International Surgery Journal

Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is an extracapsular fracture of the proximal femur. Gamma ... more Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is an extracapsular fracture of the proximal femur. Gamma nail is a cephalomedullary nail that is emerging as the treatment of choice for intertrochanteric fractures. For intertrochanteric fractures, the use of cephalomedullary devices has increased dramatically to 67% among surgeons over the years. Aims of this study was to observe the results of operative treatment of intertrochanteric fractures with Gamma 3 trochanteric nail.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Post Graduate Department of Orthopaedics of Government Medical College, Srinagar. This study included 30 cases of intertrochanteric fractures who attended hospital for bone and joint surgery.Results: Excellent results were obtained in 80% patients and good results were obtained in rest 20% with an average Harris hip score of 93.8. Average time to union was 11.6 weeks. There were no non-unions, screw cut outs or peri-implant fractures. The most common complication was v...

International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology, Aug 28, 2017

Cardiac disease is one of the important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity both in antepar... more Cardiac disease is one of the important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity both in antepartum and postpartum period. Cardiac disease in pregnancy is broadly divided into congenital and acquired. The acquired group includes RHD, cardiomyopathies and ischemic heart disease. Of these, in developing countries rheumatic heart disease is the commonest type, whereas cardiomyopathies and congenital heart disease one more common in developed countries. Among all presentations of Rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis is the predominant lesion and accounts for nearly three quarters of all cases.

Annals of International medical and Dental Research, Feb 19, 2017

Background: Diabetes is worldwide one of most common cause of peripheral neuropathy(PN).Diabetes ... more Background: Diabetes is worldwide one of most common cause of peripheral neuropathy(PN).Diabetes is associated with high level of serum homocysteine level and prevalence of hyperhomocysteinem was strongly associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in multiple logistic regression model that adjusted for factors that may influence homocysteine level and neuropathy. Methods: This study was conducted in department of medicine GMC Srinagar. 207 type 2 diabetic patients with clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were enrolled in across sectional study after detail history and relevant clinical examination. All base line biochemical investigation along with serum total homocysteine level were done after confirmation of peripheral neuropathy by electro diagnostic test (NCS) nerve conduction study. Results: 207 consecutive patients were enrolled with. Mean age of patients was 60.92±6.01SD (41-80 years). Females 70%, NCV was abnormal in 64 patients (30.9%), 55 axonopathy (85.9 %) and 9 with Demyelination (14.1%). Motor abnormalities n10 (15.6%), sensory n 38(59.3%), Mixed n 16 (25%). Mean age of patients with abnormal NCV was 61.86±8.03 years significant (p value=0.0034). Female sex, urban population, and increased homocysteine levels was associated with increased risk of NCS abnormalities p value of 0.001, 0.0001and 0.001 respectively the mean homocysteine level with abnormal NCS was 23.22μmol/l and 13.28μmol/l in normal NCS. A higher homocysteine levels was associated with increased risk of abnormal NCS (p value .000001). Conclusion: Elevated Homocysteine concentration was major risk factor for development of neuropathy in diabetics though our study being a small scale hospital based study.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (C... more Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have spurted in three major waves in India at different times and had different levels of severity in different waves. The objective of our study was to determine the comparative mortality rate in three COVID-19 waves and determine the factors associated with mortality. Methods: We identified a cohort of 1,132 COVID-19 patients who were admitted between April 14, 2020 and February 08, 2022 at our center. All the admitted patients with positive COVID–polymerase chain reaction were included in the study. Sample characteristics were determined by screening age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, symptomatology of COVID, patient status on admission, baseline investigations, comorbidities, medical history, oxygen dosage needed during admission, the span of hospital stay, diagnosis, and vitals such as blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation. All the data were procur...

Annals of International medical and Dental Research, 2017

Background: Diabetes is worldwide one of most common cause of peripheral neuropathy(PN).Diabetes ... more Background: Diabetes is worldwide one of most common cause of peripheral neuropathy(PN).Diabetes is associated with high level of serum homocysteine level and prevalence of hyperhomocysteinem was strongly associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in multiple logistic regression model that adjusted for factors that may influence homocysteine level and neuropathy. Methods: This study was conducted in department of medicine GMC Srinagar. 207 type 2 diabetic patients with clinical symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were enrolled in across sectional study after detail history and relevant clinical examination. All base line biochemical investigation along with serum total homocysteine level were done after confirmation of peripheral neuropathy by electro diagnostic test (NCS) nerve conduction study. Results: 207 consecutive patients were enrolled with. Mean age of patients was 60.92±6.01SD (41-80 years). Females 70%, NCV was abnormal in 64 patients (30.9%), 55 axonopathy (85.9 %) and 9 with Demyelination (14.1%). Motor abnormalities n10 (15.6%), sensory n 38(59.3%), Mixed n 16 (25%). Mean age of patients with abnormal NCV was 61.86±8.03 years significant (p value=0.0034). Female sex, urban population, and increased homocysteine levels was associated with increased risk of NCS abnormalities p value of 0.001, 0.0001and 0.001 respectively the mean homocysteine level with abnormal NCS was 23.22μmol/l and 13.28μmol/l in normal NCS. A higher homocysteine levels was associated with increased risk of abnormal NCS (p value .000001). Conclusion: Elevated Homocysteine concentration was major risk factor for development of neuropathy in diabetics though our study being a small scale hospital based study.

Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2017

Background; Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic diseases all over the world. Globally, a... more Background; Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic diseases all over the world. Globally, an estimated 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014, compared to 108 million in 1980 the global prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled. Diabetic Neuropathy is one of the commonest long term complications of diabetes mellitus Aims And Objectives: To study the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and pattern of nerve involvement on nerve conduction study neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes and correlate clinical biochemical features of diabetes with degree peripheral neuropathy. Method ; 200 diabetics with symptom suggestive of peripheral neuropathy attending medical OPD were studied after written consent and nerve conduction study was performed Result . Mean age was60.92±6.01SD (41-80 years). Females 70% (n=140) outnumbered males (n=60) 130 patients were on OHA’s and 70 on insulin therap.184 patients i.e. 92% presented with complaints of tingling sensation ,64% had burning fee...

Introduction developing countries. Kashmir has high incidence of million acute poisoning cases wi... more Introduction developing countries. Kashmir has high incidence of million acute poisoning cases with 2, 20,000 deaths occur annually. Of these, 90% of fatal poisoning occurs in developing countries particularly among agricultural workers 50,000 to the frequent use of pesticides in agriculture and exposure to hazardous chemical compounds as a result of industrialization. with an Aim to evaluate the demographic and clinical profile of acute poisoning in Kashmir region, Material and methods poisoning brought to emergen acute poisoning due to drugs and chemicals. Cases of Snake bite, insect bite, food poisoning and allergic reaction to drugs were not included in the study. Data regarding age, sex, marital st occupation, locality, type of poison, route of exposure, and associated co collected from the hospital records and documented in the pre documented and statistically analysed presented to emergency department over period of six months. Female outnumber male with78.18 % (258 number of...

Background: Objective: A hospital based observational study of Primary headache disorders among p... more Background: Objective: A hospital based observational study of Primary headache disorders among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospitals in Srinagar. Methods: The study sample comprised of pregnant women who reported to ante-natal clinics or medical outpatients department of associated hospitals of Govt. medical College, Srinagar, with the chief complaint of headache. A pretested questionnaire was presented to the participants and the diagnosis of various primary headache disorders was established by adopting the ICHD-2 criteria. Results: Among 2000 women screened, 34.25% of cases complained of headaches during pregnancy. Primary headache disorders (migraine, tension-type headache) was observed in 70.51% patients. Conclusion: Among primary headache disorders, migraine and tension type headache were observed in (59.48%) and (39.65%) cases respectively.

The viral strains of the Newcastle disease virus have exhibited genetic and pathogenic diversity ... more The viral strains of the Newcastle disease virus have exhibited genetic and pathogenic diversity since their discovery, which is mainly influenced by mutations in the Fusion gene. This study focused on describing the circulating Newcastle disease virus strain based on the Fusion gene sequencing of three isolates: JKND01, JKND02, and JKND03, which were isolated from commercial poultry in Kashmir. Phylogenetic analysis identified the isolates as Genotype VIIi with the virulent fusion cleavage site motif (113RQKRF117). Homology analysis of amino acid sequences identified amino acid substitutions in the Fusion protein of the isolates compared to the reference strains. In silico mutational analysis revealed that the amino acid changes impact the structure of the protein, potentially affecting the functional behaviour of the virus. Moreover, predictive analysis of potential post-translational modification motifs showed a loss of an N-glycosylation site and the acquisition of a phosphoryla...

Viruses

Vaccination is widely used to control Infectious Bronchitis in poultry; however, the limited cros... more Vaccination is widely used to control Infectious Bronchitis in poultry; however, the limited cross-protection and safety issues associated with these vaccines can lead to vaccination failures. Keeping these limitations in mind, the current study explored the antiviral potential of phytocompounds against the Infectious Bronchitis virus using in silico approaches. A total of 1300 phytocompounds derived from fourteen botanicals were screened for their potential ability to inhibit the main protease, papain-like protease or RNA-dependent RNA–polymerase of the virus. The study identified Methyl Rosmarinate, Cianidanol, Royleanone, and 6,7-Dehydroroyleanone as dual-target inhibitors against any two of the key proteins. At the same time, 7-alpha-Acetoxyroyleanone from Rosmarinus officinalis was found to be a multi-target protein inhibitor against all three proteins. The potential multi-target inhibitor was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to assess the stability of the protein–li...

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Infectious bursal disease virus is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease (Gumboro dise... more Infectious bursal disease virus is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease), a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease of chicken with a substantial economic impact on small- and large-scale poultry industries worldwide. Currently, live attenuated vaccines are widely used to control the disease in chickens despite their issues with safety (immunosuppression and bursal atrophy) and efficiency (breaking through the maternally-derived antibody titer). To overcome the drawbacks, the current study has, for the first time, attempted to construct a computational model of a multiepitope based vaccine candidate against infectious bursal disease virus, which has the potential to overcome the safety and protection issues found in the existing live-attenuated vaccines. The current study used a reverse vaccinology based immunoinformatics approach to construct the vaccine candidate using major and minor capsid proteins of the virus, VP2 and VP3, respectively. The vac...

In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze and estimate the macroeconomic forecasting for... more In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze and estimate the macroeconomic forecasting for Pakistan and its major twelve trading partners for the period of 1995Q1 to 2012Q4, using Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) Model. The key feature of GVAR model is to capture the independence and co-movement across countries. Secondly, it provides better forecasting performance. The GVAR model is estimated for twelve trading economies. During estimation, Pakistan economy is treated as single and domestic economy, whereas the other trading partners are treated as foreign economies. The important findings of this study are that the GVAR forecasts better than the VAR forecasts in most of the cases. Second, the foreign real GDP and foreign inflation rates are reflecting the significant impact of their domestic counterparts of Pakistan real GDP and inflation

Community solar concepts are starting to make noise especially in certain US and European regions... more Community solar concepts are starting to make noise especially in certain US and European regions. In those concepts, any end-user can participate in either purchasing clean energy from a solar PV power plant and/or investing in a portion of such power plants. However, usually these power plants consist of conventional flat PV silicon modules, usually in the MW scale far away from the cities. We propose here to bring solar communities right to the front door of the end-users. With the aim of really socializing solar energy, a Photovoltaic Solar Urban (PSU) power plant is presented, made of very small, but widely spread solar generators especially designed to be attached to any urban furniture (for instance, streetlights) and generate right at the consumption points, avoiding transmission, conversion, tax costs of bringing the energy from far away (almost 40% of the total final price). And also using publicly, widely spread available, already existing and amortized supporting structures (urban furniture). To do so, a novel concept of mini solar module of 40 Wp has been developed and is currently being tested. First simulations on its performance show their worldwide profitability.

Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems are usually destined for large field applications, becau... more Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) systems are usually destined for large field applications, because the conventional optics applied require mandatory tracking, which implies larger size systems, larger land use and a high quantity of additional hardware. Thus, the use of CPV is very restricted when applied to small size systems, let alone integrated applications. However, the very compact Low CPV (LCPV) module named SoHo3X has shown that it can avoid tracking by using holograms, and yet provide up to 50% more capacity factor than a conventional, fixed flat module, at very competitive costs. This work presents the performance measurements for the first time and uses them to calculate performance at BIPV representing positions, tilts, orientations and latitudes, in order to show how it can be used both in BIPV and also as integrated photovoltaics in urban furniture. The advantage versus integrating conventional modules is not only a higher production, but also a much lighter, more aesthetic product, with less need for solar cell area (concentration factor is around 3X). Conclusion is that SoHo3X shows a much better performance in most cases, with a few exceptions for vertical position at high latitudes. Mechanical load simulations have also been carried out, showing that SoHo3X complies with the strictest mechanical load regulations, fulfilling class I mechanical stability for wind loads, in opposition to conventional flat PV modules.

International Journal of Medical Research Professionals, 2016

Background: Eclampsia (Greek for "shining forth") is an acute and life-threatening complication o... more Background: Eclampsia (Greek for "shining forth") is an acute and life-threatening complication of pregnancy, characterized by the appearance of tonic-clonic seizures, usually in a patient who has developed pre-eclampsia. Present study was conducted to determine effectiveness of low dose magnesium sulphate in control of convulsions in eclampsia & prevention of convulsions in imminent eclampsia. Material & Methods: The prospective hospital based study was conducted in S.P.M.C, Bikaner. The subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of standard and low dose regime of MgSO4. Data were analysed using SPSS software. Results: The present study showed Antepartum convulsion was present in 93 females and out of them 45 and 48 belonged to study and control group while remaining 107 females had imminent eclampsia and the difference was found statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Magnesium sulphate's narrow therapeutic range mandates that it only be used in the minimum doses which gives efficient control of convulsions and helps in improving maternal and foetal outcome.

Background: Coronary artery disease is often asymptomatic in diabetic patients until the onset of... more Background: Coronary artery disease is often asymptomatic in diabetic patients until the onset of myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death . Coronary artery CT angiography can detect Coronary artery disease with high specificity and sensitivity. Aims &objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery disease by CT angiography in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients asymptomatic for coronary artery disease with one or more additive risk factors for coronary artery disease. Methods: This hospital based observational study was conducted from March 2013 to August 2014 at GMC Srinagar. This study was carried out among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients asymptomatic for coronary artery disease with one or more additional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Total of 52 patients with Type 2 diabetes patient underwent Cardiac CT. Results: Mean age of study population was 57.08 ±9.33 years..34 were males and 18 were females. 65.39% of total patient who underwent CT Angiography ...

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research

International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR]

Introduction: Low back ache is the most common problem seen in orthopedic clinic. Low backache wi... more Introduction: Low back ache is the most common problem seen in orthopedic clinic. Low backache with lumbosacral radiculopathy remains the most challenging musculoskeletal problem for its therapeutic management. In around 90% patients, the cause of low back with radiculopathy is a prolapsed disc. Epidural steroid injections are used in the management of patients with subacute or chronic low backache with radiculopathy, not responding to conservative treatment. The aim of study was to check the efficacy of epidural steroid injection in patients of subacute or chronic low backache with radiculopathy due to herniated disc. Material and Methods: The study was conducted over 100 patients reporting to our OPD with chief complaints of LBA with radiculopathy, not responding to conservative treatment. Maximum of three epidural steroid injections were given with two weeks of interval in between. The patients were assessed before and after the procedure and assessment was done using VAS scoring system. Results: In our study, 80% patients got a significant improvement in symptoms according to VAS scoring system. Out of them, 70% improved with only a single dose of ESI, 20% with the second dose and the remaining 10% after third dose. Also the procedure was found to be more effective in treating patients of subacute low backache with radiculopathy rather than the chronic one. Conclusion: ESI is a safe, cost effective and minimally invasive method of treating patients of subacute or chronic LBA with radiculopathy due to herniated disc. The procedure decreases analgesic use and allows early return to work.

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research

To evaluate the efficacy of VAC in wound healing. Materials and Methods: This prospective study w... more To evaluate the efficacy of VAC in wound healing. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done from September 2016 to August 2017 over 20 patients who presented in our hospital with severe wounds. These wounds were either traumatic, idiopathic or iatrogenic; either infective or non-infective. We had 13 males and 7 females in our study, with age ranging from 15 to 65 years. VAC was applied to all the wounds in continuous mode at pressure of 125 mmHg. The parameters assessed were nature of the wound, status of infection along with infecting organism, length of VAC application, number of dressings required and complications, if any, related to the use of this therapy. All patients were followed for a period of 3 months. Results: Among 20 patients, we lost 1 patient in follow-up. Rest 19 patients (95%) were treated successfully. Cost of dressings was less. There was a significant reduction in wound infection in infected cases and a rapid rate of granulation tissue formation in all cases. Graft uptake in the form of PTSG was seen in all the grafted patients. There was no major complication. Conclusion: VAC is a safe and reliable option in the treatment of wounds with better healing, graft uptake and reduced hospital stay. It appears as a promising alternative for the management of various wound types including infected wounds.

International Surgery Journal

Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is an extracapsular fracture of the proximal femur. Gamma ... more Background: Intertrochanteric fracture is an extracapsular fracture of the proximal femur. Gamma nail is a cephalomedullary nail that is emerging as the treatment of choice for intertrochanteric fractures. For intertrochanteric fractures, the use of cephalomedullary devices has increased dramatically to 67% among surgeons over the years. Aims of this study was to observe the results of operative treatment of intertrochanteric fractures with Gamma 3 trochanteric nail.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Post Graduate Department of Orthopaedics of Government Medical College, Srinagar. This study included 30 cases of intertrochanteric fractures who attended hospital for bone and joint surgery.Results: Excellent results were obtained in 80% patients and good results were obtained in rest 20% with an average Harris hip score of 93.8. Average time to union was 11.6 weeks. There were no non-unions, screw cut outs or peri-implant fractures. The most common complication was v...