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Papers by Irina Bagirokova

Frontiers in Psychology

The present study expands the eye-tracking-while reading research toward less studied languages o... more The present study expands the eye-tracking-while reading research toward less studied languages of different typological classes (polysynthetic Adyghe vs. synthetic Russian) that use a Cyrillic script. In the corpus reading data from the two languages, we confirmed the widely studied effects of word frequency and word length on eye movements in Adyghe-Russian bilingual individuals for both languages. We also confirmed morphological effects in Adyghe reading (part-of-speech class and the number of lexical affixes) that were previously shown in some morphologically-rich languages. Importantly, we demonstrated that bilinguals’ reading in Adyghe does differ quantitatively (the effect of language on reading times) and qualitatively (different effects of landing and previous/upcoming words on the eye movements within a current word) from their reading in Russian.

Syntaxe & sémantique, Dec 31, 2022

Вопросы языкознания, 2022

В статье рассматриваются глаголы прятания в адыгейском литературном языке на лексико-типологическ... more В статье рассматриваются глаголы прятания в адыгейском литературном языке на лексико-типологическом фоне. Выделяется четыре глагольные основы: ʁebəλə-'прятать', wəχʷəme-'беречь, скрывать', wəŝefə-'утаивать', xeḳʷeč ̣ʼe-'смешиваться, растворяться'. Глагол ʁebəλə-'прятать' центральный в этом поле, он описывает преимущественно ситуации перемещения объекта с целью скрыть его от посторонних глаз ('спрятать деньги в сейф') и оформляется теми же локативными аффиксами, что и стандартные глаголы движения / перемещения. Глагол wəχʷəme-'беречь, скрывать' в современном языке выражает прежде всего значение 'беречь, защищать', однако в сочетании с локативным префиксом č ̣e-'под' может передавать значение 'скрывать, укрывать, т. е. прятать объект путем установки преграды между ним и наблюдателем' ('скрыть рисунок под слоем пыли'). Глагол wəŝefə-'утаивать' описывает особый, «пассивный» тип прятания: модель поведения, направленную на то, чтобы о скрываемом объекте не узнали ('скрыть доходы от налоговой инспекции'). Наконец, глагол xeḳʷeč ̣ʼe-'смешиваться, растворяться' описывает прятание объекта среди ему подобных ('раствориться в толпе'). Несмотря на то, что все четыре глагола выражают значения из семантического поля прятания, они по-разному сочетаются с локативными и некоторыми другими аффиксами, и особенности этой сочетаемости согласуются с нюансами их лексической семантики. Исследование вносит вклад в общую типологию глаголов прятания, а также уточняет значение нескольких глагольных основ и локативных аффиксов в адыгейском языке. Ключевые слова: абхазо-адыгские языки, адыгейский язык, лексика, лексическая типология, пространственная семантика Благодарности: Исследование поддержано грантом РФФИ № 20-012-00240А «Проблема семантической непрерывности в лексико-типологическом аспекте».

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015

This paper describes the behavior of a subordination marker-n in modal necessity constructions in... more This paper describes the behavior of a subordination marker-n in modal necessity constructions in West Circassian, a polysynthetic language belonging to the Northwest Caucasian family. We show that-n functions as a simple suffix in the non-epistemic construction and as a phrasal affix in the epistemic construction. Hence, this morpheme violates the principle according to which the formal characteristics of a linguistic element should remain the same in different contexts of its use. This violation is explained by the difference in the semantic contribution of the suffix under discussion in different patterns and by the typological specifics of West Circassian, which allows its speakers to manipulate with morphemes more freely.

Number in the World's Languages

This paper describes the semantics of falling in Adyghe and Kuban Kabardian from a typological pe... more This paper describes the semantics of falling in Adyghe and Kuban Kabardian from a typological perspective. The analysis is based on corpus data, accompanied by the results of elicitation. Although they represent the same Circassian branch of the Northwest Caucasian family, Adyghe and Kabardian still demonstrate some differences in the way their predicates of falling are lexicalized: while in Adyghe we have a distributive system which includes special lexical means for different types of falling (verbal root -fe- for falling from above, wəḳʷerejə- for losing vertical orientation, -zǝfor detachment, and verbs from adjacent semantic domains such as -we- ‘beat’ for destruction), there is only one dominant (-xwe-) and several peripheral predicates in the Kabardian language. What is peculiar about these languages, when compared to the available typological data, is that the parameter of orientation to the initial (Source) vs. final point (Goal) of movement is of special importance in lex...

RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series

Kabardian (Northwest Caucasian) displays two associative plural constructions. The first pattern ... more Kabardian (Northwest Caucasian) displays two associative plural constructions. The first pattern exploits the suffix which is also used for the expression of additive plural: it is added to proper names and normally provides a reference to the family of the focal referent. Within the second pattern, a specific associative plural marker follows a syntactically autonomous nominal. The latter pattern possesses several specific properties: the associative plural marker governs the case of the focal nominal, which can be represented even by inanimate, non-specific and coordinate NPs. To describe the Kabardian associative plural system, we would suggest using not only a simplified version of Animacy Hierarchy (as is often done in typological literature) but involving several other hierarchies including those of definiteness/referentiality, number individuation, and morphosyntactic autonomy.

Cilitives (‘easy’ and ‘difficult’) in West Circassian: Semantics, argument structure and part-of-speech, 2021

Drafts by Irina Bagirokova

Fernando Zúñiga & Denis Creissels (eds.), Applicative Constructions in the World’s Languages. (Comparative Handbooks in Linguistics 7.) Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2024, pp. 869–912.

This chapter describes applicative constructions in the polysynthetic Northwest Caucasian languag... more This chapter describes applicative constructions in the polysynthetic Northwest Caucasian languages, which are typologically unusual in several respects. First, these languages possess an extraordinary rich system of applicatives whose semantic functions range from benefactive, comitative and malefactive to fairly specialised spatial meanings. Second, the Northwest Caucasian applicatives invariably introduce indirect objects thus almost never affecting the ergative-absolutive alignment of core arguments and serving as important and often only means of integrating peripheral participants into clausal structure. We describe morphology, syntax and semantics of applicatives, as well as a range of nontrivial phenomena such as the semantically empoverished and morphosyntactically special "dative" applicative and the uses of applicatives in agent demotion and clause-combining.