Irina Cvetkova - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Irina Cvetkova
Białostockie Studia Prawnicze, 2021
Causa is a subjective motive that determines the content of the obligation or material interest, ... more Causa is a subjective motive that determines the content of the obligation or material interest, which encourages the party to the trade to enter into an obligation taking on the associated burdens. In the countries of continental (mainland) Europe that belong to the Romano-Germanic law system, such as Germany, France, and Italy, the goal (objective) of the parties to the trade, causa, is legally significant. In the theory of the Civil law of the Romano-Germanic system, there is a general principle – any obligation arises for some purpose, which is called the basis of obligation. Causa is an individual interest that meets the requirements of the legal system. France was one of the last European countries that did not recognise the contingency theory as a basis for regulating the binding force of a contract. In practice, the courts have faced criticism of the concept of causation from both doctrine and law enforcement practice. In 2016, there was a significant reform of the French la...
Transformācijas process tiesībās, reģionālajā ekonomikā un ekonomiskajā politikā
International Regulation of Virtual Currencies
Transformācijas process tiesībās, reģionālajā ekonomikā un ekonomiskajā politikā
EUROPEAN RESEARCH, 2018
the virtual currency or cryptocurrency is a cryptographically protected decentralized digital cur... more the virtual currency or cryptocurrency is a cryptographically protected decentralized digital currency used as means of exchange. Due to development of new technologies and innovations, the rate of using of virtual currency is rapidly increasing throughout the globe, replacing not only cash payment and payments by bank transfer, but also electronic payments. To resolve the legal aspects of the virtual currency, the European Union has also faced the need to create the appropriate legal regulation, but does not hurry with its adoption. Currently, there is no single legal definition of the virtual currency and general legal regulation in the EU, but some countries of Europe have defined the status of the virtual currency for taxation. The purpose of the article is to reveal problems of the virtual currencies legal regulation in EU.
Białostockie Studia Prawnicze, 2021
Causa is a subjective motive that determines the content of the obligation or material interest, ... more Causa is a subjective motive that determines the content of the obligation or material interest, which encourages the party to the trade to enter into an obligation taking on the associated burdens. In the countries of continental (mainland) Europe that belong to the Romano-Germanic law system, such as Germany, France, and Italy, the goal (objective) of the parties to the trade, causa, is legally significant. In the theory of the Civil law of the Romano-Germanic system, there is a general principle – any obligation arises for some purpose, which is called the basis of obligation. Causa is an individual interest that meets the requirements of the legal system. France was one of the last European countries that did not recognise the contingency theory as a basis for regulating the binding force of a contract. In practice, the courts have faced criticism of the concept of causation from both doctrine and law enforcement practice. In 2016, there was a significant reform of the French la...
Transformācijas process tiesībās, reģionālajā ekonomikā un ekonomiskajā politikā
International Regulation of Virtual Currencies
Transformācijas process tiesībās, reģionālajā ekonomikā un ekonomiskajā politikā
EUROPEAN RESEARCH, 2018
the virtual currency or cryptocurrency is a cryptographically protected decentralized digital cur... more the virtual currency or cryptocurrency is a cryptographically protected decentralized digital currency used as means of exchange. Due to development of new technologies and innovations, the rate of using of virtual currency is rapidly increasing throughout the globe, replacing not only cash payment and payments by bank transfer, but also electronic payments. To resolve the legal aspects of the virtual currency, the European Union has also faced the need to create the appropriate legal regulation, but does not hurry with its adoption. Currently, there is no single legal definition of the virtual currency and general legal regulation in the EU, but some countries of Europe have defined the status of the virtual currency for taxation. The purpose of the article is to reveal problems of the virtual currencies legal regulation in EU.