Irina Kitiashvili - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Irina Kitiashvili
Advances in Space Research
SHINE Conference 2017, Jul 24, 2017
AAS/Solar Physics Division Abstracts #47, May 1, 2016
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Understanding the effects driven by rotation in the solar convection zone is essential for many p... more Understanding the effects driven by rotation in the solar convection zone is essential for many problems related to solar activity, such as the formation of differential rotation, meridional circulation, and others. We analyse realistic 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations of solar subsurface dynamics in the presence of rotation in a local domain 80 Mm wide and 25 Mm deep, located at 30° latitude. The simulation results reveal the development of a shallow 10 Mm deep substructure of the near-surface shear layer (NSSL), characterized by a strong radial rotational gradient and self-organized meridional flows. This shallow layer (‘leptocline’) is located in the hydrogen ionization zone associated with enhanced anisotropic overshooting-type flows into a less unstable layer between the H and He ii ionization zones. We discuss current observational evidence of the presence of the leptocline and show that the radial variations of the differential rotation and meridional flow profiles obta...
Understanding effects driven by rotation in the solar convection zone is essential for many probl... more Understanding effects driven by rotation in the solar convection zone is essential for many problems related to solar activity, such as the formation of differential rotation, meridional circulation, and others. We analyze realistic 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations of solar subsurface dynamics in the presence of rotation in a local domain 80 Mm wide and 25 Mm deep, located at 30 degrees latitude. The simulation results reveal the development of a shallow 10-Mm deep substructure of the Near-Surface Shear Layer (NSSL), characterized by a strong radial rotational gradient and self-organized meridional flows. This shallow layer ("leptocline") is located in the hydrogen ionization zone associated with enhanced anisotropic overshooting-type flows into a less unstable layer between the H and HeII ionization zones. We discuss current observational evidence of the presence of the leptocline and show that the radial variations of the differential rotation and meridional flow profiles obtained from the simulations in this layer qualitatively agree with helioseismic observations.
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
The Kepler Asteroseismic Legacy Project provided frequencies, separation ratios, error estimates,... more The Kepler Asteroseismic Legacy Project provided frequencies, separation ratios, error estimates, and covariance matrices for 66 Kepler main sequence targets. Most of the previous analysis of these data was focused on fitting standard stellar models. We present results of direct asteroseismic inversions using the method of optimally localized averages (OLA), which effectively eliminates the surface effects and attempts to resolve the stellar core structure. The inversions are presented for various structure properties, including the density stratification and sound speed. The results show that the mixed modes observed in post-main sequence F-type stars allow us to resolve the stellar core structure and reveal significant deviations from the evolutionary models obtained by the grid-fitting procedure to match the observed oscillation frequencies.
Detection of Earth-mass planets requires measurements of radial velocity with extreme precision. ... more Detection of Earth-mass planets requires measurements of radial velocity with extreme precision. To capture the tiny disturbances caused by a planet's motion, it is necessary to understand and characterize the host star's turbulent dynamics in order to apply proper filtering to the observational data. We take advantage of current computational and technological capabilities to develop 3D realistic models of the stellar subsurface convection and atmospheres and thereby estimate the photospheric jitter. We have identified an initial set of target stars, obtained initial conditions using the MESA code, and obtained initial 3D radiative models of the stellar surfaces and atmospheres with a spatial resolution of 50km. We present initial 3D radiative hydrodynamic model results of the planet-hosting star HD209458.
A dramatic increase in observational data from NASA's Kepler, K2, and TESS missions and suppo... more A dramatic increase in observational data from NASA's Kepler, K2, and TESS missions and supporting ground-based observatories have opened new opportunities to investigate the internal structure, dynamics, and evolution of stars and their atmospheres. We present 3D radiative MHD simulations for several main-sequence stars with masses from 1.4 to 1.5 Msun. The simulations are performed using the "StellarBox" code developed for modeling stellar turbulent convection and atmospheres with a high degree of realism. This presentation discusses similarities and differences between 3D realistic-type and 1D mixing-length models with regard to structural, thermodynamic, and turbulent property variations from the radiative zone to the convection zone and photosphere.
Precision asteroseismology data from Kepler and TESS provide a unique opportunity to investigate ... more Precision asteroseismology data from Kepler and TESS provide a unique opportunity to investigate the interior structure of stars at various stages of stellar evolution. Detection of mixed acoustic-gravity oscillation modes has opened perspectives for probing the properties of energy-generating cores. Most of the previous analysis was focused on fitting standard evolutionary stellar models using mode frequency splitting and scaling laws for oscillation properties. We present direct asteroseismic inversions using the method of optimally localized averages, which effectively eliminates the surface effects and attempts to resolve the stellar core structure.
Continued progress in observational stellar astrophysics requires a deep understanding of the und... more Continued progress in observational stellar astrophysics requires a deep understanding of the underlying convection dynamics. We present results of realistic 3D radiative hydrodynamic simulations of the outer layers of a moderate mass star (1.47 Msun), including the full convection zone, the overshoot region, and the top layers of the radiative zone. The simulation results show that the surface granulation has a broad range of scales, from 2 to 12 Mm, and that large granules are organized in well-defined clusters, consisting of several granules. Comparison of the mean structure profiles from 3D simulations with the corresponding 1D standard stellar model shows an increase of the stellar radius by ~800 km, as well as significant changes in the thermodynamic structure and turbulent properties of the ionization zones. Convective downdrafts in the intergranular lanes between granulation clusters reach speeds of more than 20 km/s, penetrate through the whole convection zone, hit the radi...
Results of a statistical analysis of solar granulation are presented. A data set of 36 images of ... more Results of a statistical analysis of solar granulation are presented. A data set of 36 images of a quiet Sun area on the solar disk center was used. The data were obtained with the 1.6 m clear aperture New Solar Telescope (NST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) and with a broad-band filter centered at the TiO (705.7 nm) spectral line. The very high spatial resolution of the data (diffraction limit of 77 km and pixel scale of 0."0375) augmented by the very high image contrast (15.5±0.6 distinct subpopulation of mini-granular structures. These structures are dominant on spatial scales below 600 km. Their size is distributed as a power law with an index of -1.8 (which is close to the Kolmogorov's -5/3 law) and no predominant scale. The regular granules display a Gaussian (normal) size distribution with a mean diameter of 1050 km. Mini-granular structures contribute significantly to the total granular area. They are predominantly confined to the wide dark lanes between regul...
Highly turbulent nature of convection on the Sun causes strong multi-scale interaction of subsurf... more Highly turbulent nature of convection on the Sun causes strong multi-scale interaction of subsurface layers with the photosphere and chromosphere. According to realistic 3D radiative MHD numerical simulations ubiquitous small-scale vortex tubes are generated by turbulent flows below the visible surface and concentrated in the intergranular lanes. The vortex tubes can capture and amplify magnetic field, penetrate into chromospheric layers and initiate quasi-periodic flow eruptions that generates Alfv\'enic waves, transport mass and energy into the solar atmosphere. The simulations revealed high-speed flow patterns, and complicated thermodynamic and magnetic structures in the erupting vortex tubes. The spontaneous eruptions are initiated and driven by strong pressure gradients in the near-surface layers, and accelerated by the Lorentz force in the low chromosphere. In this paper, the simulation data are used to further investigate the dynamics of the eruptions, their spectro-polar...
Current state-of-the-art computational modeling makes it possible to build realistic models of st... more Current state-of-the-art computational modeling makes it possible to build realistic models of stellar convection zones and atmospheres that take into account chemical composition, radiative effects, ionization, and turbulence. The standard 1D mixing-length-based evolutionary models are not able to capture many physical processes of the stellar interior dynamics. Mixing-length models provide an initial approximation of stellar structure that can be used to initialize 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations which include realistic modeling of turbulence, radiation, and other phenomena. In this paper, we present 3D radiative hydrodynamic simulations of an F-type main-sequence star with 1.47 solar mass. The computational domain includes the upper layers of the radiation zone, the entire convection zone, and the photosphere. The effects of stellar rotation is modeled in the f-plane approximation. These simulations provide new insight into the properties of the convective overshoot region...
Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun invo... more Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun involve a broad range of multiscale dynamics that no model can reproduce and because the available observations are highly limited and cover mostly surface layers. Helioseismology makes it possible to probe solar dynamics in the convective zone, but variations in differential rotation and meridional circulation are currently available for only two solar activity cycles. It has been demonstrated that sunspot observations, which cover over 400 years, can be used to calibrate the Parker-Kleeorin-Ruzmaikin dynamo model, and that the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method can be used to link the modeled magnetic fields to sunspot observations and make reliable predictions of a following activity cycle. However, for more accurate predictions, it is necessary to use actual observations of the solar magnetic fields, which are available only for the last four solar cycles. In this paper I briefly discu...
Spectra of the cellular photospheric flows are determined from full-disk Doppler velocity observa... more Spectra of the cellular photospheric flows are determined from full-disk Doppler velocity observations acquired by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft. Three different analysis methods are used to separately determine spectral coefficients representing the poloidal flows, the toroidal flows, and the radial flows. The amplitudes of these spectral coefficients are constrained by simulated data analyzed with the same procedures as the HMI data. We find that the total velocity spectrum rises smoothly to a peak at a wavenumber of about 120 (wavelength of about 35 Mm), which is typical of supergranules. The spectrum levels off out to wavenumbers of about 400, and then rises again to a peak at a wavenumber of about 3500 (wavelength of about 1200 km), which is typical of granules. The velocity spectrum is dominated by the poloidal flow component (horizontal flows with divergence but no curl) at wavenumbers above 30. The to...
2021 International Conference on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI)
In this study we extract the deep features and investigate the compression of the Mg II k spectra... more In this study we extract the deep features and investigate the compression of the Mg II k spectral line profiles observed in quiet Sun regions by NASA's IRIS satellite. The data set of line profiles used for the analysis was obtained on April 20th, 2020, at the center of the solar disc, and contains almost 300,000 individual Mg II k line profiles after data cleaning. The data are separated into train and test subsets. The train subset was used to train the autoencoder of the varying embedding layer size. The early stopping criterion was implemented on the test subset to prevent the model from overfitting. Our results indicate that it is possible to compress the spectral line profiles more than 27 times (which corresponds to the reduction of the data dimensionality from 110 to 4) while having a 4 DN (Data Number) average reconstruction error, which is comparable to the variations in the line continuum. The mean squared error and the reconstruction error of even statistical moments sharply decrease when the dimensionality of the embedding layer increases from 1 to 4 and almost stop decreasing for higher numbers. The observed occasional improvements in training for values higher than 4 indicate that a better compact embedding may potentially be obtained if other training strategies and longer training times are used. The features learned for the critical fourdimensional case can be interpreted. In particular, three of these four features mainly control the line width, line asymmetry, and line dip formation respectively. The presented results are the first attempt to obtain a compact embedding for spectroscopic line profiles and confirm the value of this approach, in particular for feature extraction, data compression, and denoising.
Highly turbulent nature of convection on the Sun causes strong multi-scale interaction of subsurf... more Highly turbulent nature of convection on the Sun causes strong multi-scale interaction of subsurface layers with the photosphere and chromosphere. According to realistic 3D radiative MHD numerical simulations ubiquitous small-scale vortex tubes are generated by turbulent flows below the visible surface and concentrated in the intergranular lanes. The vortex tubes can capture and amplify magnetic field, penetrate into chromospheric layers and initiate quasi-periodic flow eruptions that generates Alfvénic waves, transport mass and energy into the solar atmosphere. The simulations revealed high-speed flow patterns, and complicated thermodynamic and magnetic structures in the erupting vortex tubes. The spontaneous eruptions are initiated and driven by strong pressure gradients in the near-surface layers, and accelerated by the Lorentz force in the low chromosphere. In this paper, the simulation data are used to further investigate the dynamics of the eruptions, their spectro-polarimetric characteristics for the Fe I 6301.5 and 6302.5Å spectral lines, and demonstrate expected signatures of the eruptions in the Hinode SP data. We found that the complex dynamical structure of vortex tubes (downflows in the vortex core and upflows on periphery) can be captured by the Stokes I profiles. During an eruption, the ratio of down and upflows can suddenly change, and this effect can be observed in the Stokes V profile. Also, during the eruption the linear polarization signal increases, and this also can be detected with Hinode SP.
Abstract. We have developed 3D, compressible, non-linear radiative MHD simulations to study the i... more Abstract. We have developed 3D, compressible, non-linear radiative MHD simulations to study the influence of the magnetic field of various strength and geometry on the turbulent convective cells and on the excitation mechanisms of the acoustic oscillations. The results reveal substantial changes of the granulation structure with increased magnetic field, and a frequency-dependent reduction in the oscillation power. These simulation results reproduce the enhanced high-frequency acoustic emission observed at the boundaries of active region (”acoustic halo ” phenomenon). In the presence of inclined magnetic field the solar convection develops filamentary structure with flows concentrated along magnetic filaments, and also exhibits behavior of running magnetoconvective waves, resembling recent observations of the sunspot penumbra dynamics from Hinode/SOT. 1.
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun invo... more Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun involve a broad range of multiscale dynamics that no model can reproduce and because the available observations are highly limited and cover mostly surface layers. Helioseismology makes it possible to probe solar dynamics in the convective zone, but variations in differential rotation and meridional circulation are currently available for only two solar activity cycles. It has been demonstrated that sunspot observations, which cover over 400 years, can be used to calibrate the Parker-Kleeorin-Ruzmaikin dynamo model, and that the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method can be used to link the modeled magnetic fields to sunspot observations and make reliable predictions of a following activity cycle. However, for more accurate predictions, it is necessary to use actual observations of the solar magnetic fields, which are available only for the last four solar cycles. In this paper I briefly discu...
Advances in Space Research
SHINE Conference 2017, Jul 24, 2017
AAS/Solar Physics Division Abstracts #47, May 1, 2016
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Understanding the effects driven by rotation in the solar convection zone is essential for many p... more Understanding the effects driven by rotation in the solar convection zone is essential for many problems related to solar activity, such as the formation of differential rotation, meridional circulation, and others. We analyse realistic 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations of solar subsurface dynamics in the presence of rotation in a local domain 80 Mm wide and 25 Mm deep, located at 30° latitude. The simulation results reveal the development of a shallow 10 Mm deep substructure of the near-surface shear layer (NSSL), characterized by a strong radial rotational gradient and self-organized meridional flows. This shallow layer (‘leptocline’) is located in the hydrogen ionization zone associated with enhanced anisotropic overshooting-type flows into a less unstable layer between the H and He ii ionization zones. We discuss current observational evidence of the presence of the leptocline and show that the radial variations of the differential rotation and meridional flow profiles obta...
Understanding effects driven by rotation in the solar convection zone is essential for many probl... more Understanding effects driven by rotation in the solar convection zone is essential for many problems related to solar activity, such as the formation of differential rotation, meridional circulation, and others. We analyze realistic 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations of solar subsurface dynamics in the presence of rotation in a local domain 80 Mm wide and 25 Mm deep, located at 30 degrees latitude. The simulation results reveal the development of a shallow 10-Mm deep substructure of the Near-Surface Shear Layer (NSSL), characterized by a strong radial rotational gradient and self-organized meridional flows. This shallow layer ("leptocline") is located in the hydrogen ionization zone associated with enhanced anisotropic overshooting-type flows into a less unstable layer between the H and HeII ionization zones. We discuss current observational evidence of the presence of the leptocline and show that the radial variations of the differential rotation and meridional flow profiles obtained from the simulations in this layer qualitatively agree with helioseismic observations.
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
The Kepler Asteroseismic Legacy Project provided frequencies, separation ratios, error estimates,... more The Kepler Asteroseismic Legacy Project provided frequencies, separation ratios, error estimates, and covariance matrices for 66 Kepler main sequence targets. Most of the previous analysis of these data was focused on fitting standard stellar models. We present results of direct asteroseismic inversions using the method of optimally localized averages (OLA), which effectively eliminates the surface effects and attempts to resolve the stellar core structure. The inversions are presented for various structure properties, including the density stratification and sound speed. The results show that the mixed modes observed in post-main sequence F-type stars allow us to resolve the stellar core structure and reveal significant deviations from the evolutionary models obtained by the grid-fitting procedure to match the observed oscillation frequencies.
Detection of Earth-mass planets requires measurements of radial velocity with extreme precision. ... more Detection of Earth-mass planets requires measurements of radial velocity with extreme precision. To capture the tiny disturbances caused by a planet's motion, it is necessary to understand and characterize the host star's turbulent dynamics in order to apply proper filtering to the observational data. We take advantage of current computational and technological capabilities to develop 3D realistic models of the stellar subsurface convection and atmospheres and thereby estimate the photospheric jitter. We have identified an initial set of target stars, obtained initial conditions using the MESA code, and obtained initial 3D radiative models of the stellar surfaces and atmospheres with a spatial resolution of 50km. We present initial 3D radiative hydrodynamic model results of the planet-hosting star HD209458.
A dramatic increase in observational data from NASA's Kepler, K2, and TESS missions and suppo... more A dramatic increase in observational data from NASA's Kepler, K2, and TESS missions and supporting ground-based observatories have opened new opportunities to investigate the internal structure, dynamics, and evolution of stars and their atmospheres. We present 3D radiative MHD simulations for several main-sequence stars with masses from 1.4 to 1.5 Msun. The simulations are performed using the "StellarBox" code developed for modeling stellar turbulent convection and atmospheres with a high degree of realism. This presentation discusses similarities and differences between 3D realistic-type and 1D mixing-length models with regard to structural, thermodynamic, and turbulent property variations from the radiative zone to the convection zone and photosphere.
Precision asteroseismology data from Kepler and TESS provide a unique opportunity to investigate ... more Precision asteroseismology data from Kepler and TESS provide a unique opportunity to investigate the interior structure of stars at various stages of stellar evolution. Detection of mixed acoustic-gravity oscillation modes has opened perspectives for probing the properties of energy-generating cores. Most of the previous analysis was focused on fitting standard evolutionary stellar models using mode frequency splitting and scaling laws for oscillation properties. We present direct asteroseismic inversions using the method of optimally localized averages, which effectively eliminates the surface effects and attempts to resolve the stellar core structure.
Continued progress in observational stellar astrophysics requires a deep understanding of the und... more Continued progress in observational stellar astrophysics requires a deep understanding of the underlying convection dynamics. We present results of realistic 3D radiative hydrodynamic simulations of the outer layers of a moderate mass star (1.47 Msun), including the full convection zone, the overshoot region, and the top layers of the radiative zone. The simulation results show that the surface granulation has a broad range of scales, from 2 to 12 Mm, and that large granules are organized in well-defined clusters, consisting of several granules. Comparison of the mean structure profiles from 3D simulations with the corresponding 1D standard stellar model shows an increase of the stellar radius by ~800 km, as well as significant changes in the thermodynamic structure and turbulent properties of the ionization zones. Convective downdrafts in the intergranular lanes between granulation clusters reach speeds of more than 20 km/s, penetrate through the whole convection zone, hit the radi...
Results of a statistical analysis of solar granulation are presented. A data set of 36 images of ... more Results of a statistical analysis of solar granulation are presented. A data set of 36 images of a quiet Sun area on the solar disk center was used. The data were obtained with the 1.6 m clear aperture New Solar Telescope (NST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) and with a broad-band filter centered at the TiO (705.7 nm) spectral line. The very high spatial resolution of the data (diffraction limit of 77 km and pixel scale of 0."0375) augmented by the very high image contrast (15.5±0.6 distinct subpopulation of mini-granular structures. These structures are dominant on spatial scales below 600 km. Their size is distributed as a power law with an index of -1.8 (which is close to the Kolmogorov's -5/3 law) and no predominant scale. The regular granules display a Gaussian (normal) size distribution with a mean diameter of 1050 km. Mini-granular structures contribute significantly to the total granular area. They are predominantly confined to the wide dark lanes between regul...
Highly turbulent nature of convection on the Sun causes strong multi-scale interaction of subsurf... more Highly turbulent nature of convection on the Sun causes strong multi-scale interaction of subsurface layers with the photosphere and chromosphere. According to realistic 3D radiative MHD numerical simulations ubiquitous small-scale vortex tubes are generated by turbulent flows below the visible surface and concentrated in the intergranular lanes. The vortex tubes can capture and amplify magnetic field, penetrate into chromospheric layers and initiate quasi-periodic flow eruptions that generates Alfv\'enic waves, transport mass and energy into the solar atmosphere. The simulations revealed high-speed flow patterns, and complicated thermodynamic and magnetic structures in the erupting vortex tubes. The spontaneous eruptions are initiated and driven by strong pressure gradients in the near-surface layers, and accelerated by the Lorentz force in the low chromosphere. In this paper, the simulation data are used to further investigate the dynamics of the eruptions, their spectro-polar...
Current state-of-the-art computational modeling makes it possible to build realistic models of st... more Current state-of-the-art computational modeling makes it possible to build realistic models of stellar convection zones and atmospheres that take into account chemical composition, radiative effects, ionization, and turbulence. The standard 1D mixing-length-based evolutionary models are not able to capture many physical processes of the stellar interior dynamics. Mixing-length models provide an initial approximation of stellar structure that can be used to initialize 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations which include realistic modeling of turbulence, radiation, and other phenomena. In this paper, we present 3D radiative hydrodynamic simulations of an F-type main-sequence star with 1.47 solar mass. The computational domain includes the upper layers of the radiation zone, the entire convection zone, and the photosphere. The effects of stellar rotation is modeled in the f-plane approximation. These simulations provide new insight into the properties of the convective overshoot region...
Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun invo... more Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun involve a broad range of multiscale dynamics that no model can reproduce and because the available observations are highly limited and cover mostly surface layers. Helioseismology makes it possible to probe solar dynamics in the convective zone, but variations in differential rotation and meridional circulation are currently available for only two solar activity cycles. It has been demonstrated that sunspot observations, which cover over 400 years, can be used to calibrate the Parker-Kleeorin-Ruzmaikin dynamo model, and that the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method can be used to link the modeled magnetic fields to sunspot observations and make reliable predictions of a following activity cycle. However, for more accurate predictions, it is necessary to use actual observations of the solar magnetic fields, which are available only for the last four solar cycles. In this paper I briefly discu...
Spectra of the cellular photospheric flows are determined from full-disk Doppler velocity observa... more Spectra of the cellular photospheric flows are determined from full-disk Doppler velocity observations acquired by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft. Three different analysis methods are used to separately determine spectral coefficients representing the poloidal flows, the toroidal flows, and the radial flows. The amplitudes of these spectral coefficients are constrained by simulated data analyzed with the same procedures as the HMI data. We find that the total velocity spectrum rises smoothly to a peak at a wavenumber of about 120 (wavelength of about 35 Mm), which is typical of supergranules. The spectrum levels off out to wavenumbers of about 400, and then rises again to a peak at a wavenumber of about 3500 (wavelength of about 1200 km), which is typical of granules. The velocity spectrum is dominated by the poloidal flow component (horizontal flows with divergence but no curl) at wavenumbers above 30. The to...
2021 International Conference on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI)
In this study we extract the deep features and investigate the compression of the Mg II k spectra... more In this study we extract the deep features and investigate the compression of the Mg II k spectral line profiles observed in quiet Sun regions by NASA's IRIS satellite. The data set of line profiles used for the analysis was obtained on April 20th, 2020, at the center of the solar disc, and contains almost 300,000 individual Mg II k line profiles after data cleaning. The data are separated into train and test subsets. The train subset was used to train the autoencoder of the varying embedding layer size. The early stopping criterion was implemented on the test subset to prevent the model from overfitting. Our results indicate that it is possible to compress the spectral line profiles more than 27 times (which corresponds to the reduction of the data dimensionality from 110 to 4) while having a 4 DN (Data Number) average reconstruction error, which is comparable to the variations in the line continuum. The mean squared error and the reconstruction error of even statistical moments sharply decrease when the dimensionality of the embedding layer increases from 1 to 4 and almost stop decreasing for higher numbers. The observed occasional improvements in training for values higher than 4 indicate that a better compact embedding may potentially be obtained if other training strategies and longer training times are used. The features learned for the critical fourdimensional case can be interpreted. In particular, three of these four features mainly control the line width, line asymmetry, and line dip formation respectively. The presented results are the first attempt to obtain a compact embedding for spectroscopic line profiles and confirm the value of this approach, in particular for feature extraction, data compression, and denoising.
Highly turbulent nature of convection on the Sun causes strong multi-scale interaction of subsurf... more Highly turbulent nature of convection on the Sun causes strong multi-scale interaction of subsurface layers with the photosphere and chromosphere. According to realistic 3D radiative MHD numerical simulations ubiquitous small-scale vortex tubes are generated by turbulent flows below the visible surface and concentrated in the intergranular lanes. The vortex tubes can capture and amplify magnetic field, penetrate into chromospheric layers and initiate quasi-periodic flow eruptions that generates Alfvénic waves, transport mass and energy into the solar atmosphere. The simulations revealed high-speed flow patterns, and complicated thermodynamic and magnetic structures in the erupting vortex tubes. The spontaneous eruptions are initiated and driven by strong pressure gradients in the near-surface layers, and accelerated by the Lorentz force in the low chromosphere. In this paper, the simulation data are used to further investigate the dynamics of the eruptions, their spectro-polarimetric characteristics for the Fe I 6301.5 and 6302.5Å spectral lines, and demonstrate expected signatures of the eruptions in the Hinode SP data. We found that the complex dynamical structure of vortex tubes (downflows in the vortex core and upflows on periphery) can be captured by the Stokes I profiles. During an eruption, the ratio of down and upflows can suddenly change, and this effect can be observed in the Stokes V profile. Also, during the eruption the linear polarization signal increases, and this also can be detected with Hinode SP.
Abstract. We have developed 3D, compressible, non-linear radiative MHD simulations to study the i... more Abstract. We have developed 3D, compressible, non-linear radiative MHD simulations to study the influence of the magnetic field of various strength and geometry on the turbulent convective cells and on the excitation mechanisms of the acoustic oscillations. The results reveal substantial changes of the granulation structure with increased magnetic field, and a frequency-dependent reduction in the oscillation power. These simulation results reproduce the enhanced high-frequency acoustic emission observed at the boundaries of active region (”acoustic halo ” phenomenon). In the presence of inclined magnetic field the solar convection develops filamentary structure with flows concentrated along magnetic filaments, and also exhibits behavior of running magnetoconvective waves, resembling recent observations of the sunspot penumbra dynamics from Hinode/SOT. 1.
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun invo... more Prediction of solar activity cycles is challenging because physical processes inside the Sun involve a broad range of multiscale dynamics that no model can reproduce and because the available observations are highly limited and cover mostly surface layers. Helioseismology makes it possible to probe solar dynamics in the convective zone, but variations in differential rotation and meridional circulation are currently available for only two solar activity cycles. It has been demonstrated that sunspot observations, which cover over 400 years, can be used to calibrate the Parker-Kleeorin-Ruzmaikin dynamo model, and that the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method can be used to link the modeled magnetic fields to sunspot observations and make reliable predictions of a following activity cycle. However, for more accurate predictions, it is necessary to use actual observations of the solar magnetic fields, which are available only for the last four solar cycles. In this paper I briefly discu...