Isaac Adato - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Isaac Adato
Adato, I., 1990. Effects of paclobutrazol n avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. 'Fuerte&apo... more Adato, I., 1990. Effects of paclobutrazol n avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. 'Fuerte'. Scientia
Journal of Horticultural Science
SummaryAvocado trees (cv. Fuerte) were drip irrigated daily at two rates of intermittent water ap... more SummaryAvocado trees (cv. Fuerte) were drip irrigated daily at two rates of intermittent water application, linked to daily evaporation measured with an U.S. Weather Bureau Class A standard evaporation pan. The pan coefficients used were 0.46 (‘dry treatment’) and 0.64 (‘wet treatment’). These were compared with a third treatment of sprinkling every four days, using a pan coefficient of 0.64. In the dry treatment, soil was maintained for extended periods at very low water content, with little change even during irrigation. Percolation to soil deeper than 90 cm ceased in both treatments by 1981. Roots were densest in the dry treatment, particularly with feeder roots of diameter smaller than 2 mm: in the upper 60 cm of soil feeder roots were 45% denser than in the wet treatment, 52% denser than in the sprinkling treatment. In the zone with the greatest potential for over-wet conditions (less than 10 cm from the dripper in the top 30 cm of soil) roots were denser than in any location in the other treatments,...
Journal of Horticultural Science, 1988
SummaryAvocado trees (cv. Fuerte) were drip irrigated daily at two levels of intermittent water a... more SummaryAvocado trees (cv. Fuerte) were drip irrigated daily at two levels of intermittent water application, linked to daily evaporation measured with an U.S.D.A. Class A standard evaporation pan. The pan coefficients used were 0.46 (‘dry’ treatment) and 0.64 (‘wet’ treatment); these were compared with a third treatment (representing the irrigation method in use at the time) of sprinkling every four days, using a pan coefficient of 0.64. The result was a gradual change and adaptation of the trees in the dry treatment, so that by the final year of the study they had most fruits per tree, the largest individual fruit size, and also the greatest annual trunk growth. Daily shrinkage of fruit and trunk was less in the trees of the dry treatment than in those of the wet treatment throughout the year, indicating that they were under less stress during the hottest part of the day. Fruits of trees of the dry treatment matured earlier than those on the other trees. The fact that they showed the most efficient adapt...
… Symposium on Plant …, 2009
... Lavee and Haskal (1993) and Antognozzi and Preziosi (1986) reported positive effects, whereas... more ... Lavee and Haskal (1993) and Antognozzi and Preziosi (1986) reported positive effects, whereas Proietti and Tombesi (1996) and Fernandez-Escobar et ... to thank Ronit Maor (Malkia Orchard) for her cooperation and assistance, and the late Moshe Zamiri and Aharon Moshe for ...
Scientia Horticulturae, 1990
Mature avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) of cultivar 'Fuerte' were sprayed with Cultar ~, a ... more Mature avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) of cultivar 'Fuerte' were sprayed with Cultar ~, a commercial formulation containing 25% paclobutrazol (ICI, U.K.). Hand spraying of individual trees before or at the flowering stage resulted in an increase in the number of harvested fruits per tree, reaching 97 and 174% above the controls in two groves. The phenological state of the bloom affected the results. The best additional yields, of 379 and 546% in two different groves, were obtained from sprays at the stages of elongating inflorescences and incipient anthesis. No residual or cumulative effect of Cultar ® could be detected in two consecutive years of treatment with regard to tree vigour, general appearance, yield, Or other factors. Application at 1000 1 ha-1, by a commercial sprayer with a blower ("Spider"), using 3% Cultar ® resulted in a 90% increase in yield. The Cultar ® sprays did not alter considerably the trends or the numbers of vegetative flushes during the season, but they did affect shoot elongation and 2% Cultar ® caused a reduction of ~ 30% in shoot length. The time lapse between fruit set and the start of vegetative growth was 4-5 days longer in the treated inflorescences. Cultar ® may overcome the problem of low yields in trees which are considered to be of a clonal low-production type. The Cultar ® sprays seem to increase yield in the "off" year in trees which bore a heavy yield in the previous "on" year.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 1974
The effect of 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 ppm of ethylene, applied for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, on the r... more The effect of 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 ppm of ethylene, applied for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, on the ripening rate of "Hass" avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits at three stages of maturity was investigated. Ethylene treatments were started either immediately after picking or 2 days later. A sharp peak of ethylene production was found to precede full softening by about 2 days and the occurrence of this peak was used to determine ripening rate. Hastening of fruit ripening was much more marked following ethylene treatment which began 2 days after harvesting than immediately after. The difference in response diminished gradually as the fruit became more mature.
Journal of Food Science, 1972
Plant Physiology, 1974
Differential rates of water loss were achieved in picked avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits,... more Differential rates of water loss were achieved in picked avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits, either by controlling the evaporation rate or by supplying water through the fruit stalk. A negative linear correlation was found between the daily rate of water loss from fruits and their ripening, as determined by the time from harvest to peak of ethylene production. Ripening rate was hastened by 40% in fruits which had lost water at rate of 2.9% fresh weight per day, compared with those which lost only 0.5% per day. ' Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. 1973 Series, No. 13 1E.
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1976
The concentrations of free and base-hydrolysable (bound) abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in fru... more The concentrations of free and base-hydrolysable (bound) abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in fruits of cv. Rutgers (normal) and of the mutants Nr, rin and nor during growth, maturation and senescence. Measurements were made also of postharvest changes in free ABA in immature Rutgers fruits. Free ABA began to accumulate rapidly in the pericarp of developing fruits of Rutgers, Nr and rin during the period of most rapid growth but accumulation in nor was delayed and slower. Peak concentrations in Rutgers, Nr and rin were similar but the maximum level in nor was about 50% lower. Peak concentrations of free ABA coincided with the completion of growth in Rutgers and rin but peak levels in Nr and nor were not reached until several days later. Colouring in all strains occurred at approximately the same time as the accumulation of peak concentrations of free ABA. Changes in bound ABA paralleled those in free ABA in pericarp tissue of all strains but the levels were about one-seventh of thos...
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1976
Abscisic acid levels and the rates of ethylene production during successive stages of ripening in... more Abscisic acid levels and the rates of ethylene production during successive stages of ripening in avocado fruits (Persea americana Mill.) were determined by gas chromatography. In fruits which were selected for abscisic acid determination according to their rate of ethylene production, a rise in free abscisic acid content was observed following an increase in the rate of ethylene production. Levels of bound abscisic acid were much lower and increased later than free abscisic acid.
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1977
When tomato fruits of cv. Rtugers (normal), and of the rin and nor mutants were detached 10 days ... more When tomato fruits of cv. Rtugers (normal), and of the rin and nor mutants were detached 10 days after anthesis (24% of the total growth period), they usually developed a characteristic swelling of one or more locules, which eventually developed a red, yellow or yellow-orange colour typical of the mature fruits of each strain. The remainder of the fruit tissues lost chlorophyll and eventually became necrotic. Ethylene treatment (25 �l/l) started 2 h after harvest advanced the onset of swelling in 10-day fruits of all strains. Treatment that was started 7 days after harvest had no effect on the onset of swelling in Rutgers and rin and had only a small effect on nor fruits. When ethylene was applied before first visible swelling (FS), the undeveloped portions of the fruits rapidly became necrotic and this necrosis spread to the swollen locules before they coloured. From FS and onwards, ethylene increased the rate of swelling and advanced colouring of the swollen locules. In some treat...
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1977
Tomato fruits were harvested at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 days after anthesis and held in humidified ... more Tomato fruits were harvested at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 days after anthesis and held in humidified ethylene-free air streams at 20°C. The time from anthesis to ripening (first appearance of red colour) was about 42 days in attached control populations but the time to first colour in detached fruits ranged from 43 days in 35-day fruits to 68 days in 10-day fruits. The delayed ripening in fruits detached at 10 days was largely explained by the further slow development of these fruits. One to four locules began to swell about 10 days after harvest and swelling continued slowly for up to 42 days after harvest. The swollen locules usually turned red 8-10 days after swelling ceased. The undeveloped portion faded to a yellow-green colour and eventually became necrotic. The swollen locules usually contained more germinable seeds than the remainder of the fruit tissue. Although some localized swelling was seen in detached 15-day fruits, the entire fruits ripened normally. Fruits of the same po...
Scientia horticulturae, 1993
Scientia Horticulturae, 54 (1993) 295-302 295 Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam Effects o... more Scientia Horticulturae, 54 (1993) 295-302 295 Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam Effects of autumnal water stress on litchi flowering and yield in Israel Raphael A. Sterna, Itzhak Adatob, Moshe Gorenb, Dahlia Eisensteina and Shmuel Gazita'* aDepartment of ...
Journal of Experimental Botany, 1977
A survey of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit drop and ethylene production was carried out d... more A survey of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit drop and ethylene production was carried out during fruit development. Natural drop of avocado fruitlets started soon after set (May) and continued at a gradually decreasing rate until September, except for a temporarily increasing rate in late July. Fruitlets weighing up to 0-2 g dropped at a rate of over 30 per cent per week. With larger fruits, the rate was under 1 per cent per week. Fruit drop ceased after September, when fruit growth declined and the seed coat began to shrivel. A positive correlation was found between the rate of fruitlet and fruit drop and ethylene production. Fruitlets with defective seeds produced ethylene at a very high rate of 7-10 times more than apparently normal fruits. The high incidence of defective seeds might be the cause of the very high levels of ethylene production by young avocado fruitlets. The seed was found to be the main site of ethylene production in fruitlets. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels in young abscissing fruits were 7 times as high as those in nonabscissing fruits.
Adato, I., 1990. Effects of paclobutrazol n avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. 'Fuerte&apo... more Adato, I., 1990. Effects of paclobutrazol n avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. 'Fuerte'. Scientia
Journal of Horticultural Science
SummaryAvocado trees (cv. Fuerte) were drip irrigated daily at two rates of intermittent water ap... more SummaryAvocado trees (cv. Fuerte) were drip irrigated daily at two rates of intermittent water application, linked to daily evaporation measured with an U.S. Weather Bureau Class A standard evaporation pan. The pan coefficients used were 0.46 (‘dry treatment’) and 0.64 (‘wet treatment’). These were compared with a third treatment of sprinkling every four days, using a pan coefficient of 0.64. In the dry treatment, soil was maintained for extended periods at very low water content, with little change even during irrigation. Percolation to soil deeper than 90 cm ceased in both treatments by 1981. Roots were densest in the dry treatment, particularly with feeder roots of diameter smaller than 2 mm: in the upper 60 cm of soil feeder roots were 45% denser than in the wet treatment, 52% denser than in the sprinkling treatment. In the zone with the greatest potential for over-wet conditions (less than 10 cm from the dripper in the top 30 cm of soil) roots were denser than in any location in the other treatments,...
Journal of Horticultural Science, 1988
SummaryAvocado trees (cv. Fuerte) were drip irrigated daily at two levels of intermittent water a... more SummaryAvocado trees (cv. Fuerte) were drip irrigated daily at two levels of intermittent water application, linked to daily evaporation measured with an U.S.D.A. Class A standard evaporation pan. The pan coefficients used were 0.46 (‘dry’ treatment) and 0.64 (‘wet’ treatment); these were compared with a third treatment (representing the irrigation method in use at the time) of sprinkling every four days, using a pan coefficient of 0.64. The result was a gradual change and adaptation of the trees in the dry treatment, so that by the final year of the study they had most fruits per tree, the largest individual fruit size, and also the greatest annual trunk growth. Daily shrinkage of fruit and trunk was less in the trees of the dry treatment than in those of the wet treatment throughout the year, indicating that they were under less stress during the hottest part of the day. Fruits of trees of the dry treatment matured earlier than those on the other trees. The fact that they showed the most efficient adapt...
… Symposium on Plant …, 2009
... Lavee and Haskal (1993) and Antognozzi and Preziosi (1986) reported positive effects, whereas... more ... Lavee and Haskal (1993) and Antognozzi and Preziosi (1986) reported positive effects, whereas Proietti and Tombesi (1996) and Fernandez-Escobar et ... to thank Ronit Maor (Malkia Orchard) for her cooperation and assistance, and the late Moshe Zamiri and Aharon Moshe for ...
Scientia Horticulturae, 1990
Mature avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) of cultivar 'Fuerte' were sprayed with Cultar ~, a ... more Mature avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.) of cultivar 'Fuerte' were sprayed with Cultar ~, a commercial formulation containing 25% paclobutrazol (ICI, U.K.). Hand spraying of individual trees before or at the flowering stage resulted in an increase in the number of harvested fruits per tree, reaching 97 and 174% above the controls in two groves. The phenological state of the bloom affected the results. The best additional yields, of 379 and 546% in two different groves, were obtained from sprays at the stages of elongating inflorescences and incipient anthesis. No residual or cumulative effect of Cultar ® could be detected in two consecutive years of treatment with regard to tree vigour, general appearance, yield, Or other factors. Application at 1000 1 ha-1, by a commercial sprayer with a blower ("Spider"), using 3% Cultar ® resulted in a 90% increase in yield. The Cultar ® sprays did not alter considerably the trends or the numbers of vegetative flushes during the season, but they did affect shoot elongation and 2% Cultar ® caused a reduction of ~ 30% in shoot length. The time lapse between fruit set and the start of vegetative growth was 4-5 days longer in the treated inflorescences. Cultar ® may overcome the problem of low yields in trees which are considered to be of a clonal low-production type. The Cultar ® sprays seem to increase yield in the "off" year in trees which bore a heavy yield in the previous "on" year.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 1974
The effect of 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 ppm of ethylene, applied for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, on the r... more The effect of 10, 100, 1000, 10,000 ppm of ethylene, applied for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours, on the ripening rate of "Hass" avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits at three stages of maturity was investigated. Ethylene treatments were started either immediately after picking or 2 days later. A sharp peak of ethylene production was found to precede full softening by about 2 days and the occurrence of this peak was used to determine ripening rate. Hastening of fruit ripening was much more marked following ethylene treatment which began 2 days after harvesting than immediately after. The difference in response diminished gradually as the fruit became more mature.
Journal of Food Science, 1972
Plant Physiology, 1974
Differential rates of water loss were achieved in picked avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits,... more Differential rates of water loss were achieved in picked avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits, either by controlling the evaporation rate or by supplying water through the fruit stalk. A negative linear correlation was found between the daily rate of water loss from fruits and their ripening, as determined by the time from harvest to peak of ethylene production. Ripening rate was hastened by 40% in fruits which had lost water at rate of 2.9% fresh weight per day, compared with those which lost only 0.5% per day. ' Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. 1973 Series, No. 13 1E.
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1976
The concentrations of free and base-hydrolysable (bound) abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in fru... more The concentrations of free and base-hydrolysable (bound) abscisic acid (ABA) were measured in fruits of cv. Rutgers (normal) and of the mutants Nr, rin and nor during growth, maturation and senescence. Measurements were made also of postharvest changes in free ABA in immature Rutgers fruits. Free ABA began to accumulate rapidly in the pericarp of developing fruits of Rutgers, Nr and rin during the period of most rapid growth but accumulation in nor was delayed and slower. Peak concentrations in Rutgers, Nr and rin were similar but the maximum level in nor was about 50% lower. Peak concentrations of free ABA coincided with the completion of growth in Rutgers and rin but peak levels in Nr and nor were not reached until several days later. Colouring in all strains occurred at approximately the same time as the accumulation of peak concentrations of free ABA. Changes in bound ABA paralleled those in free ABA in pericarp tissue of all strains but the levels were about one-seventh of thos...
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1976
Abscisic acid levels and the rates of ethylene production during successive stages of ripening in... more Abscisic acid levels and the rates of ethylene production during successive stages of ripening in avocado fruits (Persea americana Mill.) were determined by gas chromatography. In fruits which were selected for abscisic acid determination according to their rate of ethylene production, a rise in free abscisic acid content was observed following an increase in the rate of ethylene production. Levels of bound abscisic acid were much lower and increased later than free abscisic acid.
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1977
When tomato fruits of cv. Rtugers (normal), and of the rin and nor mutants were detached 10 days ... more When tomato fruits of cv. Rtugers (normal), and of the rin and nor mutants were detached 10 days after anthesis (24% of the total growth period), they usually developed a characteristic swelling of one or more locules, which eventually developed a red, yellow or yellow-orange colour typical of the mature fruits of each strain. The remainder of the fruit tissues lost chlorophyll and eventually became necrotic. Ethylene treatment (25 �l/l) started 2 h after harvest advanced the onset of swelling in 10-day fruits of all strains. Treatment that was started 7 days after harvest had no effect on the onset of swelling in Rutgers and rin and had only a small effect on nor fruits. When ethylene was applied before first visible swelling (FS), the undeveloped portions of the fruits rapidly became necrotic and this necrosis spread to the swollen locules before they coloured. From FS and onwards, ethylene increased the rate of swelling and advanced colouring of the swollen locules. In some treat...
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1977
Tomato fruits were harvested at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 days after anthesis and held in humidified ... more Tomato fruits were harvested at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 days after anthesis and held in humidified ethylene-free air streams at 20°C. The time from anthesis to ripening (first appearance of red colour) was about 42 days in attached control populations but the time to first colour in detached fruits ranged from 43 days in 35-day fruits to 68 days in 10-day fruits. The delayed ripening in fruits detached at 10 days was largely explained by the further slow development of these fruits. One to four locules began to swell about 10 days after harvest and swelling continued slowly for up to 42 days after harvest. The swollen locules usually turned red 8-10 days after swelling ceased. The undeveloped portion faded to a yellow-green colour and eventually became necrotic. The swollen locules usually contained more germinable seeds than the remainder of the fruit tissue. Although some localized swelling was seen in detached 15-day fruits, the entire fruits ripened normally. Fruits of the same po...
Scientia horticulturae, 1993
Scientia Horticulturae, 54 (1993) 295-302 295 Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam Effects o... more Scientia Horticulturae, 54 (1993) 295-302 295 Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam Effects of autumnal water stress on litchi flowering and yield in Israel Raphael A. Sterna, Itzhak Adatob, Moshe Gorenb, Dahlia Eisensteina and Shmuel Gazita'* aDepartment of ...
Journal of Experimental Botany, 1977
A survey of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit drop and ethylene production was carried out d... more A survey of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit drop and ethylene production was carried out during fruit development. Natural drop of avocado fruitlets started soon after set (May) and continued at a gradually decreasing rate until September, except for a temporarily increasing rate in late July. Fruitlets weighing up to 0-2 g dropped at a rate of over 30 per cent per week. With larger fruits, the rate was under 1 per cent per week. Fruit drop ceased after September, when fruit growth declined and the seed coat began to shrivel. A positive correlation was found between the rate of fruitlet and fruit drop and ethylene production. Fruitlets with defective seeds produced ethylene at a very high rate of 7-10 times more than apparently normal fruits. The high incidence of defective seeds might be the cause of the very high levels of ethylene production by young avocado fruitlets. The seed was found to be the main site of ethylene production in fruitlets. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels in young abscissing fruits were 7 times as high as those in nonabscissing fruits.