Isabel Escobar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Isabel Escobar

Existing water supplies may be limited in quantity or quality for meeting the increasing demands ... more Existing water supplies may be limited in quantity or quality for meeting the increasing demands from population growth and industry expansion. In many arid and semiarid areas, providing the large volume of water required for industrial, agricultural, recreational, and potable applications is especially difficult. So, searching for "new" water sources is a task for researchers in the water works field. Municipal wastewater, which constitutes between 75 and 80% of consumed water in most cities, is one of the most reliable sources of water because its volume varies little throughout the year [1]. Through suitable treatment, reclaimed wastewater can meet various water quality requirements for potential wastewater reuse [2]. A wide variety of treatment technologies have been studied and developed for reclaiming secondary effluents, such as processes coupling, chemical oxidation, depth filtration, adsorption, air stripping, ion exchange, electrodialysis, surface filtration, chemical precipitation, and membrane processes [3]. Membrane treatment has increased in prevalence during recent years because it represents an alternative treatment that produces stable high water quality for compliance with stringent water quality regulations. Many studies have been performed concerning the treatment of secondary effluent with membrane processes. Ghayeni et al. [1] applied four different low operating pressure reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes [PVD and CTA from Hydranautics (San Diego, CA), TFCL from Koch membrane (San Diego, CA), and NF45 from FilmTech (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)], with MF pretreatment, to evaluate the high-quality production from secondary effluent. Results showed that the TFCL membrane was the most suitable membrane for treatment of secondary effluents because of its better rejection ability: a 99.2% rejection of conductivity, 100%

Existing water supplies may be limited in quantity or quality for meeting the increasing demands ... more Existing water supplies may be limited in quantity or quality for meeting the increasing demands from population growth and industry expansion. In many arid and semiarid areas, providing the large volume of water required for industrial, agricultural, recreational, and potable applications is especially difficult. So, searching for "new" water sources is a task for researchers in the water works field. Municipal wastewater, which constitutes between 75 and 80% of consumed water in most cities, is one of the most reliable sources of water because its volume varies little throughout the year [1]. Through suitable treatment, reclaimed wastewater can meet various water quality requirements for potential wastewater reuse [2]. A wide variety of treatment technologies have been studied and developed for reclaiming secondary effluents, such as processes coupling, chemical oxidation, depth filtration, adsorption, air stripping, ion exchange, electrodialysis, surface filtration, chemical precipitation, and membrane processes [3]. Membrane treatment has increased in prevalence during recent years because it represents an alternative treatment that produces stable high water quality for compliance with stringent water quality regulations. Many studies have been performed concerning the treatment of secondary effluent with membrane processes. Ghayeni et al. [1] applied four different low operating pressure reverse-osmosis (RO) membranes [PVD and CTA from Hydranautics (San Diego, CA), TFCL from Koch membrane (San Diego, CA), and NF45 from FilmTech (Toronto, Ontario, Canada)], with MF pretreatment, to evaluate the high-quality production from secondary effluent. Results showed that the TFCL membrane was the most suitable membrane for treatment of secondary effluents because of its better rejection ability: a 99.2% rejection of conductivity, 100%