Isah Muhammad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Isah Muhammad

Ratio product estimators have been proposed by several authors for the estimation of the populati... more Ratio product estimators have been proposed by several authors for the estimation of the population mean and population variance, but very few authors have proposed ratio product estimators for the estimation of the population coefficient of variation. In this paper, we propose a ratio product estimator for the estimation of the population coefficient of variation. The mean square error of the proposed estimator was obtained up to the first order of approximation using the Taylor series technique. A numerical analysis was conducted, and the results show that the proposed ratio product estimator is more efficient.

Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology, Jan 11, 2024

Different imputation strategies have been developed by several authors to take care of missing ob... more Different imputation strategies have been developed by several authors to take care of missing observations during analyses. Nevertheless, the estimators involved in some of these schemes depend on known parameters of the auxiliary variable which outliers can easily influence. In this study, a new class of ratio-type imputation methods that utilize parameters that are free from outliers has been presented. The estimators of the schemes were obtained and their MSEs were derived up to first-order approximation using the Taylor series approach. Also, conditions for which the new estimators are more efficient than others considered in the study were also established. Numerical examples were conducted and the results revealed that the proposed class of estimators is more efficient.

This paper proposes a generalized estimator of finite population variance using the auxiliary inf... more This paper proposes a generalized estimator of finite population variance using the auxiliary information under stratified random sampling. The expressions for bias and mean square error equations of the proposed estimator up to the first degree of approximation are derived. The theoretical efficiency conditions under which the proposed estimator is better than some existing estimators are obtained. The performances of the existing and proposed estimators were assessed using three real datasets based on the criteria of minimum mean square error and supreme percentage relative efficiency. Evidence from the study showed that the proposed estimator performed better and was more efficient than some existing estimators considered.

American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics

The study aimed at assessing the fisheries potentials of Hadejia River. Data on the captured of t... more The study aimed at assessing the fisheries potentials of Hadejia River. Data on the captured of the fishes were collected over a period of five weeks using gill nets of various mesh sizes, with the assistance of the fishermen. A total of twenty five different fish species belonging to 14 families were identified. The family Cichlidae dominated the fish fauna with 54%. The families Claridae constituted 20%, while the others were the least with only 26%. The fish caught per day was about 1,308 from six landing sites, with 14 fishermen operating averagely from each site. The study also revealed that the river was partially over-fished. Fish samples were collected weekly for five weeks period, from the sampling station using fishing gears of various mesh sizes (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 centimeters), with the assistance of the fishermen. Fish samples were identify and weighed fresh, at landing sites to the nearest gram. Standard and total lengths were taken using a measuring board and also the diversity of fish recorded in this study indicates that the River has relatively high fish diversity. The number and biomass of fish caught during the study is considered high, when compared to other Nigerian Rivers. The sizes of fish recorded also indicate that the River is been over fished. It is therefore recommended that the government and other donor agencies should provide support for research and studies to collect analyze and synthesize information and harmonize existing policies, edicts and byelaws that conform to Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles, including establishing criteria for water use. The artisanal fishermen should also be encouraged to maintain the use of mesh size regulation.

Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics

In this study, a new exponential ratio-regression estimator is developed using an auxiliary varia... more In this study, a new exponential ratio-regression estimator is developed using an auxiliary variable for estimating the finite population mean under a two-phase sampling system. The Bias and Mean Square Error (MSE) of the proposed estimator are derived and compared with some of the estimators in extant literature. Thus, the conditions under which the proposed estimator is better than some existing estimators are provided. Empirically, using four real datasets and simulation study, the proposed estimator performs better than the classical ratio, classical regression, exponential ratio, and exponential regression cum ratio estimator when compared using the criteria of bias, mean square error and percentage relative efficiency. The proposed estimator can be used to estimate the averages of economic variables such as inflation, exchange rate, and standard of living for policy formulation.

Esquizofrenia y familia

Archivos venezolanos de psiquiatría y neurología, 1983

The battle to combat pesticide use in Kano State appears uppermost in the mind of the state gover... more The battle to combat pesticide use in Kano State appears uppermost in the mind of the state government. Efforts are therefore, geared towards effective protection of the human and environmental rehabilitation. Hence, understanding the health and environmental risks posed by chemicals pesticides released into the environment is an important context for decision making in which emerging data streams may play a significant role. Over the following year, a range of studies that evaluated the potential impacts of chemical pesticides on development and growth in areas of skin irritation, hypersensitivity, reproductive abnormalities, neurological and behavioral disorders, cancer, premature hair greying, miscarriages, DNA mutation and genetic damage, and effects on biological processes can be the results of pesticide contamination in water, and food commodities. In such circumstances, it is critically important to interpret information from rapid assessments into forms that place high value on health protection and err on the side of precaution. This study assesses the effect and health problems associated with exposure to pesticides application among farmers in Kano State, Nigeria. A structure questionnaire was developed focusing on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and experience of adverse health effects related to pesticide use, details of work practices and an inventory of pesticides used on the farm. Of the 400 copies of questionnaire administered 392 copies representing 98% of the administered questionnaire was retrieved and found useable. Majority of the respondents (76.9%) were aware of the side effect of the use of pesticides with only 23.1% of the respondents not aware of the side effect of pesticide use, it can be deduced that less than half of the farmers who use insecticides are aware of its effect on the environment. This results add to the body of literature that examined the effect and health problems associated with exposure to pesticides application among farmers in Kano state, Nigeria. A far better solution would be to conduct testing prior to commercial use or storage of a chemical to ensure that the information is complete and immediately available in the event of an environmental release. An example of this trend highlights the potential to develop health and environmental fate/exposure data to make rapid predictions of chemical effects upon release into the environment during an emergency. This will help demonstrate new methods to support decisions about chemicals in the environment. Although, there is a need to consider both the scientific validity of the new methods and the values applied to a given decision using this new information to ensure that the new approaches are used to improve public health and environmental protection. Additional research on biomarkers of exposure may be required to provide a comprehensive assessment of the risks of environmental pollution to farmers in Kano State.

Asian Research Journal of Mathematics, 2022

In this paper, a generalized exponential-type estimator for estimating the population variance us... more In this paper, a generalized exponential-type estimator for estimating the population variance using measurable and affordable auxiliary character in single phase sampling has been proposed. Some special cases of the proposed generalized estimator with a = 1 and a = 2 have also been discussed. The expressions for the mean square error and bias of the proposed generalized estimator have been derived. The efficiency of the proposed generalized estimator has been compared theoretically with the existing estimators and the conditions under which the proposed estimators are better than some existing estimators have also been given. Numerical examples with five real data sets to compute MSEs and PREs were conducted to ascertain the efficiency of the proposed estimators over others and the results showed that both of the proposed estimators were more efficient than the estimators considered in literature. Thus, the estimator with perform better than the estimator with a = 1.

Alternative Ratio-Product Type Estimator in Simple Random Sampling

Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(4): 418-426 Received 05 March 2020/Accepted 15 June 20... more Communication in Physical Sciences 2020, 5(4): 418-426 Received 05 March 2020/Accepted 15 June 2020 In this paper, we proposed a new alternative ratio-product estimator in simple random sampling without replacement by using information on an auxiliary variable. The proposed estimator is a mixture of some of the commonly known estimators. We have derived the minimum mean square errors up to the first order of approximation. Theoretically, we compare the mean square error (MSE) equation of the proposed estimator with the mean square error (MSE) equations of the existing estimators in literature. Numerical examples with four real data sets shows that the proposed estimator is more efficient than the existing other estimators considered. Therefore, the findings of this research are important in identifying alternative ratio-product exponential estimator, its properties, as well as relevant empirical applications.

Design and Construction of a 3KVA Power Inverter (24V DC - 230V Ac)

Medico Legal Update, 2021

The overuse of chemical pesticides without proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use has put... more The overuse of chemical pesticides without proper Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use has put vegetable farmers at risk and has been an extreme concern over the past decades in the Maldives. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the patterns of chemical pesticide use and determinants of PPE use to diminish chemical exposure. This cross-sectional study applied a two-stage random sampling method to select the study subjects to respond a structured questionnaire. The multiple logistic regression was applied to determine the association. Results: Of 306 respondents, 90% used chemical pesticides while only 23% used PEE. Themultivariable analysis indicated the use of PPE was significantly associated with education attainment (adj.OR=3.17, 95% CI=1.80-5.57, p-value=<0.001), amount of chemical pesticide used per month (adj.OR=2.20, 95% CI=1. 37-4.43, p-value=0.002), main sources of pesticide information (adj.OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.33-4.01, p-value=0.003), hired someone to spray chemical pesticides (adj. OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.13-4.31, p-value=0.02), and ever participated in any farming-related trainings (adj.OR=2.97, 95% CI=1. 63-5.49, p-value=<0.001). Conclusions: Almost all of the farmers used chemical pesticides and less than a quarter used full PPE. Educational attainment, quantity of pesticides used, sources of pesticide information and other farming practices have a strong relationship with PPE use.

Macrolinguistics, 2019

Asking such a question in this theory is rare, because to cover the whole skeleton of this questi... more Asking such a question in this theory is rare, because to cover the whole skeleton of this question with substantial flesh is not a simple deal. But yet the paper attempts this question indirectly by discussing such central issues: (a) "grammar" in Distributed Morphology, (b) "morphology" in Distributed Morphology, (c) what is Distributed Morphology? (d) what has been Distributed? (e) why Distributed Morphology? (f) post-syntactic operations in Distributed Morphology, (g) key features of Distributed Morphology, (h) current issues of debate in Distributed Morphology, (i) analysis of some words from Hausa in Distributed Morphology. Discussion and explanation of the above mentioned issues will give clear picture of Distributed Morphology theory.

International Letters of Natural Sciences, 2016

This study was conducted to assess the effect of common salt supplementation on the performance o... more This study was conducted to assess the effect of common salt supplementation on the performance of young sheep fed maize bran and ground nut hay as basal diet. It covered a period of 12 weeks. A 3×3 Latin square design was employed in the experiment. The daily feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency were measured during the experimental period. Results showed that the inclusion of common salt at the level of 1.0% of feed had no significant effect on feed intake (p>0.05). There was depressed feed intake as quantity of salt increased from 0.0%, to 0.5% and 1.0%. The best mean average daily weight gain of 43.45%was obtained with the 1.0% treatment. Salt inclusion up to 1.0% level in sheep ration, had no adverse effect on performance, it rather gave a more favorable weight gain and conversion efficiency. These findings are of very practical significance in sheep fattening, especially for farmers in rural setups.

Vitamin A deficiency is a serious nutritional and health problem affecting most developing countr... more Vitamin A deficiency is a serious nutritional and health problem affecting most developing countries. The objectives of this work are to assess the dietary intakes and biochemical status of vitamin A among adolescents population in Kano Nigeria. Dietary assessment was conducted using 24 hour dietary recall and biochemical assay of vitamin A was performed using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Findings from this study revealed the overall energy intake (EI) to be higher (p<0.05) among male (2014.4±194.6kcal) than their female (1441.1±169.3kcal) counterparts. Intakes of vitamin A represent only 14% of the total energy intakes in females and 15% in male respectively. Mean vitamin A concentration from this study (female: 15.55±6.14μg/dL and male: 15.74±6.33μg/dL) indicated a moderate deficiency among our study population irrespective of their age groups. This deficiency is of public health importance; if not arrested progresses into the adulthood and will ultimately affect negatively all facets of development in the community. Therefore, there is urgent need for public enlightenment and provision of supplements to avert the scourge of VAD.

Annals of Experimental Biology 2014, 2 (4):28-32 α-Synuclein, Synphilin and E3 Ubiquitin-Ligase (SIAH and Parkin): The Key to Understanding Parkinson's Disease

ABSTRACT

Thomas' Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Studies have shown that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has improved response ... more Studies have shown that autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has improved response rates and survival for selected patients with multiple myeloma. Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with a median survival of three years. Despite the development of numerous conventional chemotherapy regimens and interferons, there has been little progress in improving the survival of patients with MM. Very high-dose chemoradiotherapy and autologous or allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can result in high complete remission rates, even in patients with advanced disease. Methods: A prospective, randomized study has shown that autologous HSCT results in superior response rates, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival compared with conventional chemotherapy. This is the first real advance in the treatment of this disease in 30 years. Unfortunately, few, if any, patients with MM who receive autologous HSCT are cured. Results: Allogeneic HSCT can be curative for a fraction of patients with MM. However, very high transplant-related morbidity and mortality limit the application of allografts to younger patients with compatible donors. Conclusions: Challenges for the future include the development of less intensive or more disease-specific chemotherapy regimens that preserve the antitumor activity but are less toxic, improvement in the control of graft-vs-host disease in the case of allografts and, for autologous graft recipients, the development of vaccines and cytotoxic lymphocytes to augment a graft vs myeloma effect.

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2012

In recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of energy drinks, containing besid... more In recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of energy drinks, containing besides calories, other ingredients suspected to boost mental, emotional and physical alertness of the consumers. Such drinks are widely consumed by young people for a variety of reasons. However, from a public health point of view, little seems to be understood of the health benefits and other implications of these drinks by their consumers. Therefore, the understanding that energy drinks have stimulating properties that can boost heart beat rate and blood pressure, dehydrate the body, aggravate the effects of other stimulants, and prevent sleep may help as a decision making tools for the consumers of such products. This review examines some of the important active ingredients of energy drinks, their origins, sources, benefits and side effects. It is concluded that energy drinks, despite the variations in brand name contain bio-active ingredients; therefore further research is needed on their potential hazards.

Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2008

An investigation was conducted in a Shouguang agroecosystem, Shandong Province, Eastern China, in... more An investigation was conducted in a Shouguang agroecosystem, Shandong Province, Eastern China, in order to determine the long-term (10–15 yr) disturbances of three different agricultural management practices. In this study, the main focus was on free-living soil nematodes, as a tool which will help differentiate between treatments according to their sensitivity to physical, chemical, and biota composition. In this study, three treatments were implemented in each of a total of four investigated sites: greenhouses, conventional farmlands, and fallows. Diversity, maturity (MI) and weight indices were used to assess the nematode community. The results indicated that greenhouses have a lower richness (SR), diversity, modified maturity index (ΣMI), modified maturity index for all nematodes with c-p = 2–5 [ΣMI (2–5)], plant parasite index (PPI), PPI/MI values, and fungi-feeding/bacteria-feeding (F/B) ratio, as well as lower basal index (BI) and channel index (CI) and higher dominance. Thes...

Experimental and numerical studies on production scheme to improve energy efficiency of bitumen production through insitu oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion

Energy, 2021

Emulsification involving dispersion of bitumen droplets in a continuous aqueous phase (as oil-in-... more Emulsification involving dispersion of bitumen droplets in a continuous aqueous phase (as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion), is an efficient method of reducing the viscosity. The objective of this research is to harness the potential of insitu emulsification for production of bitumen to improve energy efficiency. Thus, O/W emulsion was prepared using poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant (with NaOH and ethanol additivities) at different ratios of bitumen: PVA solution viz. 70:30 (RX1), 55:45 (RX2), 40:60 (RX3). The data was incorporated in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to obtain emulsification reaction parameters at different temperatures (30e150 C). Subsequently, numerical simulation considering insitu formation of O/W emulsion was performed at different injection temperatures (50, 100, and 150 C). The results were compared with those of conventional steam injection at 215 C. Significant viscosity reduction of bitumen was obtained from emulsification experiments. From numerical simulation, the proposed method resulted in higher oil: steam ratio (OSR) compared with steam injection method. Ultimately, with reference to steam injection (thermal efficiency, DE eff ¼ 0.02 m 3 /GJ; net bitumen production ¼ 692 m 3), the most promising operation is the production from RX3, at 150 C, with thermal efficiency, DE eff ¼ 0.04 m 3 /GJ, and 649 m 3 net bitumen production.