Ishaku Haruna - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ishaku Haruna

Research paper thumbnail of G20 Youth Forum: Student interviews

Four Swinburne students talk about their experiences attending the 2014 G20 Youth Forum in Germany

Research paper thumbnail of Variation in bovine leptin gene affects milk fatty acid composition in New Zealand Holstein Friesian  ×  Jersey dairy cows

Archives Animal Breeding

Leptin is a protein hormone secreted from white adipose tissue. It regulates food/feed intake, bo... more Leptin is a protein hormone secreted from white adipose tissue. It regulates food/feed intake, body weight, immune function and reproduction. In our investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification coupled with single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to reveal variation in bovine leptin gene (LEP) in New Zealand (NZ) Holstein Friesian × Jersey (HF × J) dairy cows. Subsequent sequence analysis of a 430 bp amplicon spanning the entirety of exon 3 and part of the intron 2 region revealed three variant sequences (A 3 , B 3 and C 3) containing a total of five nucleotide substitutions, all of which have been reported previously. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses, the presence of variant A 3 (the most common variant) was associated with a decreased level of C15:1, C18:1 trans-11, C18:1 all trans, C18:2 trans-9, cis-12, C22:0 and C24:0 levels but increased levels of C12:1 and C13:0 iso (p<0.05). Variant B 3 was associated with reduced levels of C6:0, C8:0, C11:0, C13:0 and C20:0 but increased C17:0 iso and C24:0 levels (p<0.05). Variant C 3 was associated with decreased C17:0 iso levels but increased C20:0 (p<0.05) levels. In a genotype model, the A 3 B 3 genotype was associated with increased levels of C22:0 and C24:0 but decreased C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C13:0, C15:0 and grouped medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) levels (p<0.05). Genotype A 3 C 3 was found to be associated with decreased levels of C10:0, C11:0, C13:0 and grouped MCFA (p<0.05). This is the first report of findings of this kind in NZ HF × J cows, and they suggest that variation in exon 3 of bovine leptin gene could be explored as a means of decreasing the concentration of saturated fatty acids in milk.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of sequence variation in the oocyte-derived bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene (BMP15) associated with litter size in New Zealand sheep (Ovis aries) breeds

Molecular Biology Reports

Research paper thumbnail of Associations between the Bovine Myostatin Gene and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-Cross Cows

Animals

The myostatin gene (MSTN), which encodes the protein myostatin, is pleiotropic, and its expressio... more The myostatin gene (MSTN), which encodes the protein myostatin, is pleiotropic, and its expression has been associated with both increased and decreased adipogenesis and increased skeletal muscle mass in animals. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction, coupled with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, was utilized to reveal nucleotide sequence variation in bovine MSTN in 410 New Zealand (NZ) Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (HF × J)-cross cows. These cows ranged from 3 to 9 years of age and over the time studied, produced an average 22.53 ± 2.18 L of milk per day, with an average milk fat content of 4.94 ± 0.17% and average milk protein content of 4.03 ± 0.10%. Analysis of a 406-bp amplicon from the intron 1 region, revealed five nucleotide sequence variants (A–E) that contained seven nucleotide substitutions. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses the AD genotype was associated with reduced C10:0, C12:0, and C12:1 levels when compared to levels in cows with t...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of bovine leptin gene variation on milk traits in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-cross dairy cows

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of novel nucleotide sequence variations in an extended region of the bovine leptin gene (LEP) across a variety of cattle breeds from New Zealand and Nigeria

Archives Animal Breeding

Leptin is mainly secreted by white adipose tissue in animals. Leptin acts by stimulating or inhib... more Leptin is mainly secreted by white adipose tissue in animals. Leptin acts by stimulating or inhibiting the release of a neurotransmitter, which eventually results in a decrease in food/feed intake and an increase in energy expenditure. In this investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to reveal nucleotide sequence variations in bovine leptin gene (LEP) in 338 cattle of a variety of breeds farmed in New Zealand (NZ) and Nigeria. These included NZ Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, and crossbred Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cattle and the Nigerian Sokoto Gudali, Red Bororo, White Fulani, and crossbred Holstein-Friesian × White Fulani cattle. Sequence analysis of three regions of bovine LEP that encompassed selected coding and non-coding regions, revealed a total of 12 nucleotide sequence variations (six in exons and six in introns). Of these, three are reported here for the first time, whereas nine have been previously described. Some of the variations identified were common in both the NZ and Nigerian cattle breeds, while others were peculiar to particular breeds from a specific region. The sharing of common variants across different breeds irrespective of geography may indicate an evolutionary relationship, just as the differences within a breed might be attributable to either selective pressure for specific traits or random genetic drift. The detection of both new and previously documented variations in bovine LEP suggests that the gene is highly variable.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Variations and Haplotypic Diversity in the Myostatin Gene of New Zealand Cattle Breeds

Research paper thumbnail of A new DNA sequence entropy-based Kullback-Leibler algorithm for gene clustering

Journal of Applied Genetics

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence of HIV among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinic in General Hospital Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria

Greener Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2014

Sero-prevalence diagnosis of HIV among six hundred and ninety-one (691) pregnant women attending ... more Sero-prevalence diagnosis of HIV among six hundred and ninety-one (691) pregnant women attending antenatal Clinic in General Hospital Kaltungo was carried out from the month of December, 2011 to May, 2012. Blood samples obtained from pregnant women of different age groups, social and economic status were screened using Abbott determine rapid test strip. Out of the 691 sera collected, 65 (9.4%) were HIV sero-positive. The prevalence rate was 15 in 15-24 years age group, 45 in 25-34 age group and 5 in 35 years and above. This result indicates highest incidence rate among age group 25-35 years which is a sexually active age group. Chi square analysis at 5% confidence level revealed that at 2 degree of freedom age plays a role in the prevalence rate. Actions should therefore be taken to prevent mother to child transmission and also control the spread of the infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Attending Zambuk General Hospital

IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2014

The prevalence studies of diabetes among 207 volunteers at General hospital Zambuk was carried ou... more The prevalence studies of diabetes among 207 volunteers at General hospital Zambuk was carried out from the month of January-August 2012. Blood samples obtained from volunteers were screened using the fasting blood sugar technique. From the 207 blood samples obtained, 84 (40.6%) were positive. The prevalence rate was 17 (34%) for males and 8 (23.5%) for females within the age group 21-40, 33 (66%) for males and 26 (76.4%) for females within the age group 41 and above. However, none of the samples obtained within the age group 0-21 was positive. This high prevalence rate within the age range of 41 and above is an indication that diabetes is much more evident in the older generation, and control measures need to be in place to check this menace.

Research paper thumbnail of Polymorphism in the ovine keratin associated protein gene KRTAP7-1 and its association with wool characteristics

Journal of Animal Science

The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool fibres and variation in ... more The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool fibres and variation in the genes encoding the KAPs can affect wool traits. In the present study, sequence variation in the ovine KAP7-1 gene (KRTAP7-1) was investigated in 222 sheep across five different Pakistani breeds and breed-crosses. Two previously identified variants (A and B) of the KRTAP7-1 coding sequence were identified. The frequency of the genotype AA and AB was 76% and 23%, respectively and that of BB was 1%. The association of sequence variation with various wool traits and measurements included yield (the proportion of greasy fleece weight that is clean fleece), mean staple length (MSL), wool bulk, mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre diameter standard deviation (FDSD), the coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (CVFD), medullation, the standard deviation of medullation (MeSD), the coefficient of variation of medullation (CVMed), fibre opacity, the standard deviation of opacity (OpSD), and the ...

Research paper thumbnail of G20 Youth Forum: Student interviews

Four Swinburne students talk about their experiences attending the 2014 G20 Youth Forum in Germany

Research paper thumbnail of Variation in bovine leptin gene affects milk fatty acid composition in New Zealand Holstein Friesian  ×  Jersey dairy cows

Archives Animal Breeding

Leptin is a protein hormone secreted from white adipose tissue. It regulates food/feed intake, bo... more Leptin is a protein hormone secreted from white adipose tissue. It regulates food/feed intake, body weight, immune function and reproduction. In our investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification coupled with single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to reveal variation in bovine leptin gene (LEP) in New Zealand (NZ) Holstein Friesian × Jersey (HF × J) dairy cows. Subsequent sequence analysis of a 430 bp amplicon spanning the entirety of exon 3 and part of the intron 2 region revealed three variant sequences (A 3 , B 3 and C 3) containing a total of five nucleotide substitutions, all of which have been reported previously. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses, the presence of variant A 3 (the most common variant) was associated with a decreased level of C15:1, C18:1 trans-11, C18:1 all trans, C18:2 trans-9, cis-12, C22:0 and C24:0 levels but increased levels of C12:1 and C13:0 iso (p<0.05). Variant B 3 was associated with reduced levels of C6:0, C8:0, C11:0, C13:0 and C20:0 but increased C17:0 iso and C24:0 levels (p<0.05). Variant C 3 was associated with decreased C17:0 iso levels but increased C20:0 (p<0.05) levels. In a genotype model, the A 3 B 3 genotype was associated with increased levels of C22:0 and C24:0 but decreased C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C13:0, C15:0 and grouped medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) levels (p<0.05). Genotype A 3 C 3 was found to be associated with decreased levels of C10:0, C11:0, C13:0 and grouped MCFA (p<0.05). This is the first report of findings of this kind in NZ HF × J cows, and they suggest that variation in exon 3 of bovine leptin gene could be explored as a means of decreasing the concentration of saturated fatty acids in milk.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of sequence variation in the oocyte-derived bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene (BMP15) associated with litter size in New Zealand sheep (Ovis aries) breeds

Molecular Biology Reports

Research paper thumbnail of Associations between the Bovine Myostatin Gene and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-Cross Cows

Animals

The myostatin gene (MSTN), which encodes the protein myostatin, is pleiotropic, and its expressio... more The myostatin gene (MSTN), which encodes the protein myostatin, is pleiotropic, and its expression has been associated with both increased and decreased adipogenesis and increased skeletal muscle mass in animals. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction, coupled with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, was utilized to reveal nucleotide sequence variation in bovine MSTN in 410 New Zealand (NZ) Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (HF × J)-cross cows. These cows ranged from 3 to 9 years of age and over the time studied, produced an average 22.53 ± 2.18 L of milk per day, with an average milk fat content of 4.94 ± 0.17% and average milk protein content of 4.03 ± 0.10%. Analysis of a 406-bp amplicon from the intron 1 region, revealed five nucleotide sequence variants (A–E) that contained seven nucleotide substitutions. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses the AD genotype was associated with reduced C10:0, C12:0, and C12:1 levels when compared to levels in cows with t...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of bovine leptin gene variation on milk traits in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-cross dairy cows

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of novel nucleotide sequence variations in an extended region of the bovine leptin gene (LEP) across a variety of cattle breeds from New Zealand and Nigeria

Archives Animal Breeding

Leptin is mainly secreted by white adipose tissue in animals. Leptin acts by stimulating or inhib... more Leptin is mainly secreted by white adipose tissue in animals. Leptin acts by stimulating or inhibiting the release of a neurotransmitter, which eventually results in a decrease in food/feed intake and an increase in energy expenditure. In this investigation, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was used to reveal nucleotide sequence variations in bovine leptin gene (LEP) in 338 cattle of a variety of breeds farmed in New Zealand (NZ) and Nigeria. These included NZ Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn, and crossbred Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cattle and the Nigerian Sokoto Gudali, Red Bororo, White Fulani, and crossbred Holstein-Friesian × White Fulani cattle. Sequence analysis of three regions of bovine LEP that encompassed selected coding and non-coding regions, revealed a total of 12 nucleotide sequence variations (six in exons and six in introns). Of these, three are reported here for the first time, whereas nine have been previously described. Some of the variations identified were common in both the NZ and Nigerian cattle breeds, while others were peculiar to particular breeds from a specific region. The sharing of common variants across different breeds irrespective of geography may indicate an evolutionary relationship, just as the differences within a breed might be attributable to either selective pressure for specific traits or random genetic drift. The detection of both new and previously documented variations in bovine LEP suggests that the gene is highly variable.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Variations and Haplotypic Diversity in the Myostatin Gene of New Zealand Cattle Breeds

Research paper thumbnail of A new DNA sequence entropy-based Kullback-Leibler algorithm for gene clustering

Journal of Applied Genetics

Research paper thumbnail of Incidence of HIV among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-Natal Clinic in General Hospital Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria

Greener Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2014

Sero-prevalence diagnosis of HIV among six hundred and ninety-one (691) pregnant women attending ... more Sero-prevalence diagnosis of HIV among six hundred and ninety-one (691) pregnant women attending antenatal Clinic in General Hospital Kaltungo was carried out from the month of December, 2011 to May, 2012. Blood samples obtained from pregnant women of different age groups, social and economic status were screened using Abbott determine rapid test strip. Out of the 691 sera collected, 65 (9.4%) were HIV sero-positive. The prevalence rate was 15 in 15-24 years age group, 45 in 25-34 age group and 5 in 35 years and above. This result indicates highest incidence rate among age group 25-35 years which is a sexually active age group. Chi square analysis at 5% confidence level revealed that at 2 degree of freedom age plays a role in the prevalence rate. Actions should therefore be taken to prevent mother to child transmission and also control the spread of the infection.

Research paper thumbnail of Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Attending Zambuk General Hospital

IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2014

The prevalence studies of diabetes among 207 volunteers at General hospital Zambuk was carried ou... more The prevalence studies of diabetes among 207 volunteers at General hospital Zambuk was carried out from the month of January-August 2012. Blood samples obtained from volunteers were screened using the fasting blood sugar technique. From the 207 blood samples obtained, 84 (40.6%) were positive. The prevalence rate was 17 (34%) for males and 8 (23.5%) for females within the age group 21-40, 33 (66%) for males and 26 (76.4%) for females within the age group 41 and above. However, none of the samples obtained within the age group 0-21 was positive. This high prevalence rate within the age range of 41 and above is an indication that diabetes is much more evident in the older generation, and control measures need to be in place to check this menace.

Research paper thumbnail of Polymorphism in the ovine keratin associated protein gene KRTAP7-1 and its association with wool characteristics

Journal of Animal Science

The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool fibres and variation in ... more The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool fibres and variation in the genes encoding the KAPs can affect wool traits. In the present study, sequence variation in the ovine KAP7-1 gene (KRTAP7-1) was investigated in 222 sheep across five different Pakistani breeds and breed-crosses. Two previously identified variants (A and B) of the KRTAP7-1 coding sequence were identified. The frequency of the genotype AA and AB was 76% and 23%, respectively and that of BB was 1%. The association of sequence variation with various wool traits and measurements included yield (the proportion of greasy fleece weight that is clean fleece), mean staple length (MSL), wool bulk, mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre diameter standard deviation (FDSD), the coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (CVFD), medullation, the standard deviation of medullation (MeSD), the coefficient of variation of medullation (CVMed), fibre opacity, the standard deviation of opacity (OpSD), and the ...