Ishika Sharma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ishika Sharma
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting,... more The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and report on education activities in foreign countries. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, publishing, and disseminating statistical information about crime, its perpetrators and victims, and the operation of the justice system at all levels of government. These data are critical to federal, state, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is both efficient and evenhanded.
International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology, 2021
Babies need temperatures that match the temperature in the mother's womb, which is between 35... more Babies need temperatures that match the temperature in the mother's womb, which is between 35°C – 37°C. the latest research on infant warmer equipment uses the fuzzy method as a system for temperature control in infant warmers, The problem in previous research is that at each temperature setting, the temperature is not evenly distributed throughout the bed, when it reaches the setting temperature, the heater continues to turn on so that the bed gets hotter. The purpose of this research is to make an infant warmer equipped with digital scales, with temperature settings of 350C, 360C, and 370C using PID control to stabilize the temperature and ensure the spread of heat on the bed evenly, then the addition of skin temperature aims to make nurses know what the patient's body temperature is when observations were made. The infant warmer in this module uses an arduino microcontroller which is displayed in 7segment, then the skin sensor used is the DS18B20 temperature sensor to re...
Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2019
Evanescent wave absorption based fiber optic sensor with fluoride core, doped silica clad, amorph... more Evanescent wave absorption based fiber optic sensor with fluoride core, doped silica clad, amorphous silicon layer, and graphene monolayer is studied in near infrared for highly sensitive and precise recognition of melanoma in liver tissues. The findings reveal that by carefully tuning the graphene's dispersive behavior through doping and operating at slightly increased temperature (above room temperature) can lead to significantly high sensitivity and fine resolution. An optimum combination '1550 nm wavelength, 0.6 eV chemical potential (of graphene), and 311.1 K temperature' leads to 112.211 mW/RIU sensitivity and 8.91 × 10 −10 RIU resolution. An ultrathin silicon layer leads to better performance along with improved stability against possible oxidation and thermal issues. A detailed survey finds that the above performance (resolution, in particular) is largely superior than the fiber sensors based on different techniques. The proposed sensor can be amended accordingly for biomedical applications needing high precision of tissue/process monitoring.
Optical Fiber Technology, 2019
Evanescent wave (EW) based fiber optic sensor is simulated and analyzed aiming at highly sensitiv... more Evanescent wave (EW) based fiber optic sensor is simulated and analyzed aiming at highly sensitive and precise detection of cancerous human liver tissues in near infrared (NIR). Various parameters such as combinations of fiber core (fluoride glass) and clad (fluoride and silica-based) materials, 2D materials (graphene and MoS 2), absorptive amorphous silicon layer with different thicknesses, change of reference analyte, and variation in clad thickness are explored. Spectral interrogation method is utilized and the sensor's performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity and resolution. The analysis indicates that for detection of malignant (HCC) liver tissue, the 5-layer sensor design, i.e., ZBLA fluoride glass core-19.3% GeO 2 doped silica clad (10 nm)-MoS 2 monolayer (0.71 nm)-amorphous silicon layer (10 nm)-analyte (H 2 O as reference) leads to the maximum possible sensitivity of 234.2 mW/RIU (real index) and 1228.8 mW/RIU (imaginary index), and resolution of the order of 10 −10 RIU (real index) and 10 −11 RIU (imaginary index) at 0.954 µm wavelength. The proposed sensor has the capability of providing significantly finer resolution than previously reported fiber sensors based on various techniques (such as SPR, LMR, etc.).
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2019
Background. Paired exercise and cognitive training have the potential to enhance cognition by “pr... more Background. Paired exercise and cognitive training have the potential to enhance cognition by “priming” the brain and upregulating neurotrophins. Methods. Two-site randomized controlled trial. Fifty-two patients >6 months poststroke with concerns about cognitive impairment trained 50 to 70 minutes, 3× week for 10 weeks with 12-week follow-up. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 physical interventions: Aerobic (>60% VO2peak using <10% body weight–supported treadmill) or Activity (range of movement and functional tasks). Exercise was paired with 1 of 2 cognitive interventions (computerized dual working memory training [COG] or control computer games [Games]). The primary outcome for the 4 groups (Aerobic + COG, Aerobic + Games, Activity + COG, and Activity + Games) was fluid intelligence measured using Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test administered at baseline, posttraining, and 3-month follow-up. Serum neurotrophins collected at one site (N = 30) included brain-derived ne...
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2016
In present day skill, designing of low power systems has emerged as one of the vital theme of ele... more In present day skill, designing of low power systems has emerged as one of the vital theme of electronic industries due to the point that, power consumption is drawing much of the absorption in any very large scale integration (VLSI) chip design. Design of low power circuit for high performance is the necessary main concern of VLSI technique. This paper presents designing of Half Subtractor using basic gates which are drawn by conventional CMOS and Pass Transistor Logics based on 45nm technology. In comparison between the conventional CMOS half subtractor and using Pass Transistor Logic the delay is 10.5% less in PTL's half subtractor which is due to less number of transistors used in Pass Transistor Logic which in further has reduced the transistor count to 28.57%.
2015 4th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (ICRITO) (Trends and Future Directions), 2015
This paper presents the adaptive filters algorithms for removing noise from the Electrocardiogram... more This paper presents the adaptive filters algorithms for removing noise from the Electrocardiogram to receive noise less pure embryo signals. Filtering ECG signals requires a filter which can automatically adapt according to changing input and noise. Adaptive filtering has been used to reduce the noise from the desired ECG signals by using LMS algorithm. Other algorithms like NLMS and RLS can also be used but LMS gives least MMSE amongst them so it can be used where accuracy is required. The measures of performance contains the optimization between the rate of convergence and MMSE by the help of MATLAB. The experimental results have shown that for small values of step size the rate of convergence increases.
PsycEXTRA Dataset
The string of tragic, violent incidents that occurred during the 1997-98 school year has refocuse... more The string of tragic, violent incidents that occurred during the 1997-98 school year has refocused the American public's attention on school crime and safety. This statistical compilation supports the "Annual Report on School Safety: 1998" by presenting the latest available data on school crime and student safety. The report presents a profile of school crime and its victims. Organized as a series of indicators, each one displaying data on different aspects of school crime and safety, the report consists of five sections: (1) Nonfatal Student Victimization-Student Reports; (2) Violence and Crime at School-Public School Principal/Disciplinarian Reports; (3) Violent Deaths at School; (4) Nonfatal Teacher Victimization at SchoolTeacher Reports; and (5) School Environment. Data were collected by a variety of federal departments and agencies, including the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Center for Education Statistics, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Appendices include School Practices and Policies Related to Safety and Discipline, Technical Notes, and a glossary of terms. (MKW)
PsycEXTRA Dataset
This report, the fourth in a series of annual reports on school crime, presents the latest availa... more This report, the fourth in a series of annual reports on school crime, presents the latest available data on school crime and student safety. National indicators affirm that the levels of crime in school have continued to decline, that acts that promote fear and detract from learning are decreasing, and that students feel safer in school than they did a few years ago. Despite deClining rates, students ages 12 through 18 were victims of about 2.5 million crimes of violence or theft at school in 1999. Violence, theft, bullying, drugs, and firearms still remain problems in many schools throughout the country. There are five sections to the report: (1) "Violent Deaths at School"; (2) "Nonfatal Student Victimization-Student Reports"; (3) "Violence and Crime at School-Public School Principal/Disciplinarian Reports"; (4) "Nonfatal Teacher Victimization at SchoolTeacher Reports"; and (5) "School Environment." Each section contains a set of indicators that, taken together, describe a distinct aspect of school crime and safety. This report uses a variety of independent data sources from federal departments and agencies including the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Center for Education Statistics, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Each data source has an independent sample design, data-collection method, and questionnaire design, all of which may be influenced by the unique perspective of the primary funding agency. Three appendices list school-safety practices and policies related to safety and discipline, technical notes, and a glossary of terms. (Contains 66 tables and 19 figures.) (MLF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
PsycEXTRA Dataset
This report, the fifth in a series of annual reports on school crime, presents the latest availab... more This report, the fifth in a series of annual reports on school crime, presents the latest available data on school crime and student safety. The data present a mixed picture of school safety. Rates of criminal victimization in school have declined or remained constant, and students seem to feel more secure at school than they did a few years ago. However, students ages 12 through 18 were victims of about 1.9 million crimes of violence or theft at school in 2000, and reports of bullying increased from 5 to 8 percent of students in 2001. There were also 47 school-associated violent deaths in the United States between July 1, 1998 and June 30, 1999. The report has five sections: (1) "Violent Deaths at School"; (2) "Nonfatal Student Victimization-Student Reports"; (3) "Violence and Crime at School-Public School Principal/Disciplinarian Reports"; (4) "Nonfatal Teacher Victimization at SchoolTeacher Reports"; and (5) "School Environment." Each section contains a set of indicators that, taken together, describe a distinct aspect of school crime and safety. Three appendices list schoolsafety practices and policies related to safety and discipline, technical notes, and a glossary of terms. (Contains 84 tables and 33 figures.) (RT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
PsycEXTRA Dataset
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting,... more The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and report on education activities in foreign countries. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, publishing, and disseminating statistical information about crime, its perpetrators and victims, and the operation of the justice system at all levels of government. These data are critical to federal, state, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is both efficient and evenhanded.
Optik, 2019
The review article presents the advancements occurred in the area of fiber optic evanescent wave ... more The review article presents the advancements occurred in the area of fiber optic evanescent wave (FOEW) sensors in the past decade (2007-2018). The fundamental working principle of FOEW sensor is discussed in detail followed by the rigorous discussion on the different geometries of FOEW sensor probes such as straight, tapered, U-shaped, and D-shaped etc. The importance of infrared (IR) glasses and two-dimensional (2D) materials in the development of FOEW sensors is discussed. The developments in the theoretical modeling strategies have been discussed. The review is concluded with a mention of future scope in the area of FOEW sensors.
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting,... more The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and report on education activities in foreign countries. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, publishing, and disseminating statistical information about crime, its perpetrators and victims, and the operation of the justice system at all levels of government. These data are critical to federal, state, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is both efficient and evenhanded.
International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology, 2021
Babies need temperatures that match the temperature in the mother's womb, which is between 35... more Babies need temperatures that match the temperature in the mother's womb, which is between 35°C – 37°C. the latest research on infant warmer equipment uses the fuzzy method as a system for temperature control in infant warmers, The problem in previous research is that at each temperature setting, the temperature is not evenly distributed throughout the bed, when it reaches the setting temperature, the heater continues to turn on so that the bed gets hotter. The purpose of this research is to make an infant warmer equipped with digital scales, with temperature settings of 350C, 360C, and 370C using PID control to stabilize the temperature and ensure the spread of heat on the bed evenly, then the addition of skin temperature aims to make nurses know what the patient's body temperature is when observations were made. The infant warmer in this module uses an arduino microcontroller which is displayed in 7segment, then the skin sensor used is the DS18B20 temperature sensor to re...
Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2019
Evanescent wave absorption based fiber optic sensor with fluoride core, doped silica clad, amorph... more Evanescent wave absorption based fiber optic sensor with fluoride core, doped silica clad, amorphous silicon layer, and graphene monolayer is studied in near infrared for highly sensitive and precise recognition of melanoma in liver tissues. The findings reveal that by carefully tuning the graphene's dispersive behavior through doping and operating at slightly increased temperature (above room temperature) can lead to significantly high sensitivity and fine resolution. An optimum combination '1550 nm wavelength, 0.6 eV chemical potential (of graphene), and 311.1 K temperature' leads to 112.211 mW/RIU sensitivity and 8.91 × 10 −10 RIU resolution. An ultrathin silicon layer leads to better performance along with improved stability against possible oxidation and thermal issues. A detailed survey finds that the above performance (resolution, in particular) is largely superior than the fiber sensors based on different techniques. The proposed sensor can be amended accordingly for biomedical applications needing high precision of tissue/process monitoring.
Optical Fiber Technology, 2019
Evanescent wave (EW) based fiber optic sensor is simulated and analyzed aiming at highly sensitiv... more Evanescent wave (EW) based fiber optic sensor is simulated and analyzed aiming at highly sensitive and precise detection of cancerous human liver tissues in near infrared (NIR). Various parameters such as combinations of fiber core (fluoride glass) and clad (fluoride and silica-based) materials, 2D materials (graphene and MoS 2), absorptive amorphous silicon layer with different thicknesses, change of reference analyte, and variation in clad thickness are explored. Spectral interrogation method is utilized and the sensor's performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity and resolution. The analysis indicates that for detection of malignant (HCC) liver tissue, the 5-layer sensor design, i.e., ZBLA fluoride glass core-19.3% GeO 2 doped silica clad (10 nm)-MoS 2 monolayer (0.71 nm)-amorphous silicon layer (10 nm)-analyte (H 2 O as reference) leads to the maximum possible sensitivity of 234.2 mW/RIU (real index) and 1228.8 mW/RIU (imaginary index), and resolution of the order of 10 −10 RIU (real index) and 10 −11 RIU (imaginary index) at 0.954 µm wavelength. The proposed sensor has the capability of providing significantly finer resolution than previously reported fiber sensors based on various techniques (such as SPR, LMR, etc.).
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2019
Background. Paired exercise and cognitive training have the potential to enhance cognition by “pr... more Background. Paired exercise and cognitive training have the potential to enhance cognition by “priming” the brain and upregulating neurotrophins. Methods. Two-site randomized controlled trial. Fifty-two patients >6 months poststroke with concerns about cognitive impairment trained 50 to 70 minutes, 3× week for 10 weeks with 12-week follow-up. Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 physical interventions: Aerobic (>60% VO2peak using <10% body weight–supported treadmill) or Activity (range of movement and functional tasks). Exercise was paired with 1 of 2 cognitive interventions (computerized dual working memory training [COG] or control computer games [Games]). The primary outcome for the 4 groups (Aerobic + COG, Aerobic + Games, Activity + COG, and Activity + Games) was fluid intelligence measured using Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test administered at baseline, posttraining, and 3-month follow-up. Serum neurotrophins collected at one site (N = 30) included brain-derived ne...
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2016
In present day skill, designing of low power systems has emerged as one of the vital theme of ele... more In present day skill, designing of low power systems has emerged as one of the vital theme of electronic industries due to the point that, power consumption is drawing much of the absorption in any very large scale integration (VLSI) chip design. Design of low power circuit for high performance is the necessary main concern of VLSI technique. This paper presents designing of Half Subtractor using basic gates which are drawn by conventional CMOS and Pass Transistor Logics based on 45nm technology. In comparison between the conventional CMOS half subtractor and using Pass Transistor Logic the delay is 10.5% less in PTL's half subtractor which is due to less number of transistors used in Pass Transistor Logic which in further has reduced the transistor count to 28.57%.
2015 4th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (ICRITO) (Trends and Future Directions), 2015
This paper presents the adaptive filters algorithms for removing noise from the Electrocardiogram... more This paper presents the adaptive filters algorithms for removing noise from the Electrocardiogram to receive noise less pure embryo signals. Filtering ECG signals requires a filter which can automatically adapt according to changing input and noise. Adaptive filtering has been used to reduce the noise from the desired ECG signals by using LMS algorithm. Other algorithms like NLMS and RLS can also be used but LMS gives least MMSE amongst them so it can be used where accuracy is required. The measures of performance contains the optimization between the rate of convergence and MMSE by the help of MATLAB. The experimental results have shown that for small values of step size the rate of convergence increases.
PsycEXTRA Dataset
The string of tragic, violent incidents that occurred during the 1997-98 school year has refocuse... more The string of tragic, violent incidents that occurred during the 1997-98 school year has refocused the American public's attention on school crime and safety. This statistical compilation supports the "Annual Report on School Safety: 1998" by presenting the latest available data on school crime and student safety. The report presents a profile of school crime and its victims. Organized as a series of indicators, each one displaying data on different aspects of school crime and safety, the report consists of five sections: (1) Nonfatal Student Victimization-Student Reports; (2) Violence and Crime at School-Public School Principal/Disciplinarian Reports; (3) Violent Deaths at School; (4) Nonfatal Teacher Victimization at SchoolTeacher Reports; and (5) School Environment. Data were collected by a variety of federal departments and agencies, including the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Center for Education Statistics, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Appendices include School Practices and Policies Related to Safety and Discipline, Technical Notes, and a glossary of terms. (MKW)
PsycEXTRA Dataset
This report, the fourth in a series of annual reports on school crime, presents the latest availa... more This report, the fourth in a series of annual reports on school crime, presents the latest available data on school crime and student safety. National indicators affirm that the levels of crime in school have continued to decline, that acts that promote fear and detract from learning are decreasing, and that students feel safer in school than they did a few years ago. Despite deClining rates, students ages 12 through 18 were victims of about 2.5 million crimes of violence or theft at school in 1999. Violence, theft, bullying, drugs, and firearms still remain problems in many schools throughout the country. There are five sections to the report: (1) "Violent Deaths at School"; (2) "Nonfatal Student Victimization-Student Reports"; (3) "Violence and Crime at School-Public School Principal/Disciplinarian Reports"; (4) "Nonfatal Teacher Victimization at SchoolTeacher Reports"; and (5) "School Environment." Each section contains a set of indicators that, taken together, describe a distinct aspect of school crime and safety. This report uses a variety of independent data sources from federal departments and agencies including the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Center for Education Statistics, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Each data source has an independent sample design, data-collection method, and questionnaire design, all of which may be influenced by the unique perspective of the primary funding agency. Three appendices list school-safety practices and policies related to safety and discipline, technical notes, and a glossary of terms. (Contains 66 tables and 19 figures.) (MLF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
PsycEXTRA Dataset
This report, the fifth in a series of annual reports on school crime, presents the latest availab... more This report, the fifth in a series of annual reports on school crime, presents the latest available data on school crime and student safety. The data present a mixed picture of school safety. Rates of criminal victimization in school have declined or remained constant, and students seem to feel more secure at school than they did a few years ago. However, students ages 12 through 18 were victims of about 1.9 million crimes of violence or theft at school in 2000, and reports of bullying increased from 5 to 8 percent of students in 2001. There were also 47 school-associated violent deaths in the United States between July 1, 1998 and June 30, 1999. The report has five sections: (1) "Violent Deaths at School"; (2) "Nonfatal Student Victimization-Student Reports"; (3) "Violence and Crime at School-Public School Principal/Disciplinarian Reports"; (4) "Nonfatal Teacher Victimization at SchoolTeacher Reports"; and (5) "School Environment." Each section contains a set of indicators that, taken together, describe a distinct aspect of school crime and safety. Three appendices list schoolsafety practices and policies related to safety and discipline, technical notes, and a glossary of terms. (Contains 84 tables and 33 figures.) (RT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
PsycEXTRA Dataset
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting,... more The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and report on education activities in foreign countries. The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, publishing, and disseminating statistical information about crime, its perpetrators and victims, and the operation of the justice system at all levels of government. These data are critical to federal, state, and local policymakers in combating crime and ensuring that justice is both efficient and evenhanded.
Optik, 2019
The review article presents the advancements occurred in the area of fiber optic evanescent wave ... more The review article presents the advancements occurred in the area of fiber optic evanescent wave (FOEW) sensors in the past decade (2007-2018). The fundamental working principle of FOEW sensor is discussed in detail followed by the rigorous discussion on the different geometries of FOEW sensor probes such as straight, tapered, U-shaped, and D-shaped etc. The importance of infrared (IR) glasses and two-dimensional (2D) materials in the development of FOEW sensors is discussed. The developments in the theoretical modeling strategies have been discussed. The review is concluded with a mention of future scope in the area of FOEW sensors.