Cut Iskandar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Cut Iskandar

Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2015

Conclusions: Histopathology of irritant contact dermatitis depends on various parameters, such as... more Conclusions: Histopathology of irritant contact dermatitis depends on various parameters, such as nature of the irritant compound(s) and, consequently, their mode of action, duration of their contact with the skin and their concentration, means of penetration and individual response of skin to these chemicals. Contact dermatitis to sodium hypochlorite bleach is reported rarely, despite its frequent use. The irritancy of aqueous chlorine is presumably the cumulative effect of diverse agents used in different manufactured compositions.

Brain Pathology, Jan 23, 2015

Microglia and macrophages play a central role for demyelination in Theiler's murine encephalomyel... more Microglia and macrophages play a central role for demyelination in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME) virus infection, a commonly used infectious model for chronic‐progressive multiple sclerosis. In order to determine the dynamic changes of microglia/macrophage polarization in TME, the spinal cord of Swiss Jim Lambert (SJL) mice was investigated by gene expression profiling and immunofluorescence. Virus persistence and demyelinating leukomyelitis were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and histology. Electron microscopy revealed continuous myelin loss together with abortive myelin repair during the late chronic infection phase indicative of incomplete remyelination. A total of 59 genes out of 151 M1‐ and M2‐related genes were differentially expressed in TME virus‐infected mice over the study period. The onset of virus‐induced demyelination was associated with a dominating M1 polarization, while mounting M2 polarization of macrophages/microglia together with sustained prominent M1‐related gene expression was present during the chronic‐progressive phase. Molecular results were confirmed by immunofluorescence, showing an increased spinal cord accumulation of CD16/32+ M1‐, arginase‐1+ M2‐ and Ym1+ M2‐type cells associated with progressive demyelination. The present study provides a comprehensive database of M1‐/M2‐related gene expression involved in the initiation and progression of demyelination supporting the hypothesis that perpetuating interaction between virus and macrophages/microglia induces a vicious circle with persistent inflammation and impaired myelin repair in TME.

Multiple sclerosis (MS), one of the most frequent central nervous system (CNS) diseases in young ... more Multiple sclerosis (MS), one of the most frequent central nervous system (CNS) diseases in young adults, is a chronic demyelinating disease of unknown etiology and possibly multifactorial causes. Microglia and macrophages play a central role for demyelination in Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis (TME) virus-infection, a commonly used viral mouse model for the chronic-progressive form of MS. Microglia and CNS-infiltrating macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of TME virus-induced demyelination, e.g. as target cells for viral persistence. Similar to other demyelination models, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), they also induce bystander demyelination, delayed-type hypersensitivity and myelin-specific autoimmunity. The current concept of microglia/macrophages plasticity describes different cell populations with distinct and even opposing functions. For instance, M1-type microglia/macrophages exhibit pro-inflammatory properties, while M2-type cells exhibit neuroprotective properties. However, so far, only few reports mention the polarizing effects of TME virus upon microglia/macrophages. Therefore, the aim of the present project was to determine dynamic changes of microglia/macrophage polarization in the spinal cord of susceptible SJL mice during the initiation and progression of TME. Moreover, the relevance of regulatory T cells (Treg) for polarization of immune cells, including microglia/macrophages, was investigated by genetic ablation of Foxp3+ Treg in resistant C57BL/6 mice following TME virus infection. In the first part of the study, the spinal cord of TME virus-infected SJL mice was investigated by gene expression profiling and immunofluorescence. Virus persistence and chronic demyelinating leukomyelitis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and histology, respectively. Electron microscopy revealed continuous myelin loss together with abortive myelin repair during the late chronic infection phase, indicative of incomplete remyelination. A total of 59 genes out of 151 M1- and M2-related genes were differentially expressed in TMEV-infected mice over the study period. The onset of virus-induced demyelination was associated with a dominating M1-polarization, while mounting M2-polarization of macrophages/microglia together with sustained prominent M1-related gene expression were present during the chronic progressive phase. Molecular results were confirmed by immunofluorescence, showing an increased spinal cord accumulation of CD16/32+ M1- and arginase-1+ M2-type cells associated with progressive demyelination. The study provides a comprehensive database of M1/M2-related gene expression involved in the initiation and progression of demyelination, which supports the hypothesis that the perpetuating interaction between virus and macrophages/microglia induces a vicious circle with persistent inflammation and impaired myelin repair in TME. The second part of the study aimed to gain further insights into the relevance of Treg for disease resistance and antiviral immunity in TME, the kinetics of CNS immune cells and the underlying chemokine and cytokine expression following genetic ablation of Treg in BAC-transgenic Foxp3 reporter mice (DEREG mice) with a C57BL6 background. As determined by RT-qPCR, DEREG mice were resistant to TME virus infection and cleared the virus, regardless of the presence or absence of Treg. Nevertheless, priming of strong effector T cell responses was observed in the periphery following Treg ablation, which subsequently resulted in a transient increase of IFNg-producing T cells in the brain. Histology, Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometric analysis revealed that this transient increase of brain-infiltrating IFNg-producing T cells in Treg-depleted mice was not associated with an augmented antiviral response or increased inflammation-mediated tissue damage, respectively. Expression of interleukin-10 in the infected brain was unaltered despite of Treg depletion, which might play a role for dampening the inflammatory damage caused by increased number of effector T cells. Thus, unlike susceptible SJL mice, Treg have only negligible effects on virus-induced pathologies in the CNS of the resistant C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, the present findings of the first part support the hypothesis of a dual function of microglia/macrophges with promoting effects upon antiviral immunity and immunopathology, respectively. Modulating the microglia polarization of the spinal cord might represent a prerequisite to stimulate endogenous regeneration and future transplantation approaches. However, since M1-type cells are pivotal for virus elimination, in contrast to primarily autoimmune CNS disorders, reconstitution of immunomodulatory microglia/macrophages might be necessary, rather than simple suppression of M1-responses to establish CNS recovery in this infectious MS model. Hence, in contrast to the therapeutic effect of M2-dominence in primary autoimmune diseases, such…

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Nov 13, 2014

Background: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection represents a commonly used ... more Background: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection represents a commonly used infectious animal model to study various aspects of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In susceptible SJL mice, dominant activity of Foxp3 + CD4 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the CNS partly contributes to viral persistence and progressive demyelination. On the other hand, resistant C57BL/6 mice rapidly clear the virus by mounting a strong antiviral immune response. However, very little is known about the role of Tregs in regulating antiviral responses during acute encephalitis in resistant mouse strains. Methods: In this study, we used DEREG mice that express the diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor under control of the foxp3 locus to selectively deplete Foxp3 + Tregs by injection of DT prior to infection and studied the effect of Treg depletion on the course of acute Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis (TME). Results: As expected, DEREG mice that are on a C57BL/6 background were resistant to TMEV infection and cleared the virus within days of infection, regardless of the presence or absence of Tregs. Nevertheless, in the absence of Tregs we observed priming of stronger effector T cell responses in the periphery, which subsequently resulted in a transient increase in the frequency of IFNγ-producing T cells in the brain at an early stage of infection. Histological and flow cytometric analysis revealed that this transiently increased frequency of brain-infiltrating IFNγ-producing T cells in Treg-depleted mice neither led to an augmented antiviral response nor enhanced inflammation-mediated tissue damage. Intriguingly, Treg depletion did not change the expression of IL-10 in the infected brain, which might play a role for dampening the inflammatory damage caused by the increased number of effector T cells. Conclusion: We therefore propose that unlike susceptible mice strains, interfering with the Treg compartment of resistant mice only has negligible effects on virus-induced pathologies in the CNS. Furthermore, in the absence of Tregs, local anti-inflammatory mechanisms might limit the extent of damage caused by strong anti-viral response in the CNS.

JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER, Sep 20, 2017

JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER, Apr 12, 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur histologi kulit ikan belut sawah. Sampel yang diguna... more Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur histologi kulit ikan belut sawah. Sampel yang digunakan adalah kulit bagian dorsal dan abdomen dari dua ekor belut sawah, diamati dengan menggunakan metode histologi eksplorasi. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah pembuatan preparat histologi yang diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-eosin (HE) dan Masson trichrome. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur histologi kulit ikan belut sawah terdiri atas tiga lapisan. Lapisan epidermis yang tersusun atas sel-sel epitel pipih berlapis, sel mukus/sel goblet, dan stratum germinativum. Lapisan dermis terdiri dari sel pigmen, stratum laxum (spongiosum) dengan serabut kolagen longgar dan stratum compactum dengan serabut kolagen padat. Lapisan hipodermis terdiri dari sel lemak, serabut kolagen, dan pembuluh darah. Secara umum struktur histologi kulit belut sawah sama dengan ikan air tawar pada umumnya, terdapat perbedaan ketebalan lapisan dan bentuk sel mukus antara kulit dorsal dan abdomen kulit belut sawah. Kata kunci : belut sawah, kulit, Monopterus albus.

JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER, Feb 12, 2018

HISTOLOGIS INTESTINUM IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) PADA FASE BENIH DAN DEWASA The Histo... more HISTOLOGIS INTESTINUM IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) PADA FASE BENIH DAN DEWASA The Histological of Intestine of Carp (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.

JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER, Sep 18, 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologi ginjal babi hutan (Sus scrofa) y... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologi ginjal babi hutan (Sus scrofa) yang terinfeksi parasit internal. Sampel penelitian menggunakan 3 ekor babi hutan dengan kriteria terinfeksi parasit internal. Babi hutan (Sus scrofa) di eutanasia dan dilakukan pemeriksaan darah dan feses lalu dinekropsi untuk mengambil ginjalnya. Beberapa bagian dari ginjal diambil untuk diperiksa secara patologi anatomi (PA), setelah itu dibuat sediaan secara histopatologi (HP) dengan menggunakan pewarnaan Haemotoksilin Eosin (HE). Pembuatan sediaan histopatologi diawali dari fiksasi, stopping point, dehidrasi, penjernihan, infiltrasi, penanaman dan pemotongan dengan ketebalan 5 µm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pemeriksaan darah babi pertama (B1) anakan jantan terinfeksi Anaplasma marginalis, pemeriksaan PA tidak ada perubahan dan secara HP mengalami nekrosis tubulus, infiltrasi sel radang dalam glomerulus, penyempitan lumen tubulus dan infiltrasi leukosit. Pada pemeriksaan feses babi kedua (B2) anakan jantan ditemukan telur cacing Strongyloides ransomi, pemeriksaan PA tidak ada perubahan dan secara HP mengalami infiltrasi sel radang dalam glomerulus, kapsula bowman mulai menipis, piknotis, kariolisis, karioreksis, dan infiltrasi leukosit. Sementara hasil pemeriksaan pada babi ketiga (B3) anakan jantan tidak terinfeksi parasit namun pada pemeriksaan HP terdapat infiltrasi sel radang. Kata kunci : Babi hutan, Ginjal, Parasit internal, Anaplasma marginalis, Strongyloides ransomi.

JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER, Sep 24, 2017

JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER, Nov 27, 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui histologis sistem respirasi ikan gurami (Osphronemus go... more Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui histologis sistem respirasi ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.). Organ yang di ambil adalah insang dan labirin dari 2 ekor ikan gurami dan diteliti dengan metode eksplorasi. Pengamatan histologi dilakukan setelah pembuatan preparat histologis yang diwarnai dengan hematoksilin eosin (HE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada insang ikan gurami terdiri atas lengkung insang, tulang rawan penonpang, lamela primer, dan lamela sekunder. Pada lamela primer terdapat tulang rawan penompang, dan pembuluh darah, sedangkan pada lamela sekunder terdapat sel epitelium, sel pillar, sel mukus, sel klorida, dan pembuluh darah. Selanjutnya labirin terdiri dari sel epitel pipih selapis, pembuluh darah, dan tulang rawan elastis yang tersusun atas kondrosit, kondroblas, dan perikondrium sebagai embungkus tulang rawan elastis.

The aim of this research was to determine about histology finding of local chicken (Gallus gallus... more The aim of this research was to determine about histology finding of local chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) thymus at different age. Animal used were local chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) age 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months, each were three chicken hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain, then observed under electric microscope. This result showed there were differences in thymus histology structure among three age. Cortex thickness has increased at age 2 months and then has decreased at age 3 months. Diameter of the medulla has longest on local chicken age 3 month then followed age 2 month and 1 month. Distribusion of Hassal’s bodies has increased every levels age. The conclusion of this study is the increasing age of then the cortex thickness has decreased at 3 months meanwhile diameter of the medulla getting longer.

The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research, 2019

Clove oil is distilled from clove flowers (Syzigium aromaticum) and characterized by physical pro... more Clove oil is distilled from clove flowers (Syzigium aromaticum) and characterized by physical properties and GC-MS. Distillation was carried out by steam distillation method for 8 hours. Analysis of clove oil was carried out by GC-MS method. The distillation results obtained 163 mL of clove oil with physical properties that meet the requirements of SNI 06-4267-1996. The results of the analysis using GC-MS showed that clove oil contained 6 components, namely, Eugenol 88.20%, Alpha Copaene 0.49%, Caryophyllene 3.77%, Alpha Humulene 0.48%, Eugenyl acetate 6.76%, and Caryophyllene Oxide 0.30%. Another fact shows that clove flower oil has anthelmintic activity.

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019

Freezing is one of the most commonly used method to preserve beef and other meat products. This p... more Freezing is one of the most commonly used method to preserve beef and other meat products. This present study aimed to optimize freezing time and temperature using Planck equation models. Laboratory-based simulation was performed with different beef size and thickness scenarios. Freezing profiles were described based on beef thermal properties namely heat specific (Cp), thermal conductivity (k) and mass density (p) during freezing. Simulation results showed that all three thermal properties of beef were increased to initial freezing temperature. Specific heat was then decreased gradually until desired temperature was reached. On the other hand, both k and p were still increased exponentially till freezing temperature set point. Moreover, the lower desired freezing temperature, the longer freezing time required. It may conclude that beef freezing can be optimized by modifying freezing temperature setting point that influenced thermal properties during freezing. Optimum freezing time ...

$Research paper thumbnail of {"__content__"=>"Angiogenesis activity of L. latex in cream formulation on wound healing in mice.", "i"=>{"__content__"=>"Jatropha curcas"}}$

Veterinary world, 2018

The aim of this research was to determine the angiogenesis activity of latex in cream formulation... more The aim of this research was to determine the angiogenesis activity of latex in cream formulation on CD34 immune expression during wound healing phase in mice skin. Amount of 36 2-month-old male mice were used between 30 and 40 g. To surgical procedures, wound skin incision was performed 2.0 cm in length until subcutaneous on the paravertebral of each animal. The treatment was carried under locally anesthetized with procaine cream. All mice were divided into four groups, namely the base cream as control group (A), sulfadiazine 0.1% cream (B), latex cream 10% (C), and latex cream 15% (D). All groups were treated entire surface of wound. All experiments were performed twice a day for 10 days. Experiments were terminated on days 3, 7, and 10, respectively. The wound healing was assayed in stained histological section in immunohistochemical of the wounds. The CD34 expression was investigated under a microscope. The results showed that the cream from 10% and 15% latex revealed moderate i...

Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2014

JURNAL ILMIAH MAHASISWA VETERINER, Mar 23, 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur histologis ureter dan vesika urinaria ikan lele loka... more Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur histologis ureter dan vesika urinaria ikan lele lokal (Clarias batrachus). Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah ureter dan vesika urinaria, tiga ekor ikan lele lokal jantan dan tiga ekor ikan lele lokal betina dewasa. Sampel kemudian dibuat menjadi preparat histologi dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin (HE) dan diteliti strukturnya menggunakan metode histologi eksplorasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara ureter dan vesika urinaria ikan lele lokal jantan dan betina, baik secara makroskopis maupun mikroskopisnya. Ureter dan vesika urinaria memiliki struktur sama dengan ketebalan berbeda yang terdiri dari tunika mukosa, lamina propria, tunika muskularis, dan tunika adventisia. Tunika mukosa dan tunika muskularis vesika urinaria lebih tebal dari pada ureter. Kata kunci: ikan lele lokal, ureter, vesika urinaria ABSTRACT This study aims to know the histological structure of ureter and vesica urinaria in local catfish (Clarias batrachus). Samples used in this study were ureter and vesica urinaria from three adult male and three adult female local catfish. Histological samples stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) then examinated using explorative histological method. The result revealed that ureter and vesica urinaria in male and female local catfish do not have any difference in macroscopic and microscopic appearance. Ureter and vesica urinaria have same common structures and layers, and could be distinguished by the thicknes of the layers. Both of the organs have tunica mucosa, lamina propria, tunica muscularis, and tunica adventitia. Tunica mucosa and muscularis layers in vesica urinaria are thicker than those in ureter.

This study aims to determine the efficacy of giving jatropha cream (Jatropha curcas L.) on the nu... more This study aims to determine the efficacy of giving jatropha cream (Jatropha curcas L.) on the number of leukocytes in the inflammatory phase of wound healing in the mice’s skin. The method used is literature study research with qualitative techniques. The data used in this study comes from the result of studies that have been conducted and published in national or international online journals. References used are all research articles with data selection. The results of data analysis showed that the administration of jatropha cream (Jatropha curcas L.) was effective in limiting or inhibiting the accumulation of leukocytes in the area of inflammation and could stimulate the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in the inflammatory phase of wound healing of the mice’s skin. Based on these data it can be concluded that the efficacy of jatropha cream (Jatropha curcas L.) affects the number of leukocytes in the inflammatory phase of wound healing of mice's skin.

The aim of this study was to further understand the histomorphometry of seminiferous tubules from... more The aim of this study was to further understand the histomorphometry of seminiferous tubules from local goat testicles that were fixed with different fixatives. Nine testicles were randomly chosen, each fixed with 10% formalin, 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), and 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) solutions. The sample was then proceeded to histology preparation and stained with haematoxylin eosin (HE). Observation of the tissue was carried out using microscope and the data obtained was analyzed statistically. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P>0.05) on each fixative in tubular diameter and membrane, and very significant difference (P<0.01) on germinal cell and staining absorbability. Duncan test result on tubular diameter showed that the use of PFA fixative was significantly different (P<0.05) compared to formalin fixative while the use of NBF fixative had no significant difference (P<0.05) compared to PFA fixative. In addition, the measurement of...