Ismael Ramírez Hernández - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Ismael Ramírez Hernández
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2014
ABSTRACT Postharvest sunscald on apples is a physiological disorder that develops on the skin dur... more ABSTRACT Postharvest sunscald on apples is a physiological disorder that develops on the skin during cold storage. The symptoms develop only on sun-exposed sections of the fruit with or without sun-injury and they appear as superficial dark-brown patches. In order to determine the role of different antioxidant systems in sunscald development, fruit with different sun exposures and sun-injury levels on the tree were harvested and stored at 0 °C for up to 4 months. Ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), AsA–GSH recycling enzymes activities and transcripts levels, and flavonoids and carotenoid concentrations were monitored monthly. Unexposed fruit (shaded) did not develop sunscald. On sun-exposed sections of the fruit, sunscald incidence increased and appeared closer to harvest, as sunburn severity increased. Total ascorbic acid (AsA) was the highest on fruit with no sunburn symptoms (shaded and sun-exposed), but over 90% of it was in its oxidized form. There were no clear differences for any of the AsA–GSH recycling enzyme activities or transcription levels between sun exposures levels during cold storage. All quercetin glycosides were higher in fruit with sun-injury compared to those sun-exposed or shaded throughout the storage period. In severe sunburned or shaded fruit, quercetin glycosides represented 73% and 10% of total phenolic content, respectively. Quercetin glycosides contents at harvest were highly correlated with sunscald appearance in storage. Sunscald symptoms appearance was associated with lower quercetin glycosides concentration on fruit skin. The results indicate that the AsA–GSH cycle does not play a direct role in ‘sunscald’ development on Granny Smith apples. Instead, quercetin glycosides appear to be directly related with sunscald expression postharvest, i.e. the higher their concentration in the tissue, the faster the accumulation of their brown oxidative products.
Identifying the social impacts of sport tourism events is useful for the implementation of planni... more Identifying the social impacts of sport tourism events is useful for the implementation of planning and management policies. By acknowledging the need to undertake research on the impacts of sport tourism events in third world economies, this paper aims to identify the social impacts of the 2011 Pan American Games as perceived by a host community in Mexico. A total of 384 questionnaires were administered to local residents in 2010. Informants identified that the sporting event will have positive impacts such as investment, new jobs, commercial opportunities, infrastructure improvement and the tourism promotion of the city. However, locals also acknowledged that traffic congestion, crowding and the increase of trash, noise and goods and services prices will come as a consequence of hosting the event. This paper ends by presenting theoretical and practical implications of the event impacts.
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2014
ABSTRACT Postharvest sunscald on apples is a physiological disorder that develops on the skin dur... more ABSTRACT Postharvest sunscald on apples is a physiological disorder that develops on the skin during cold storage. The symptoms develop only on sun-exposed sections of the fruit with or without sun-injury and they appear as superficial dark-brown patches. In order to determine the role of different antioxidant systems in sunscald development, fruit with different sun exposures and sun-injury levels on the tree were harvested and stored at 0 °C for up to 4 months. Ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH), AsA–GSH recycling enzymes activities and transcripts levels, and flavonoids and carotenoid concentrations were monitored monthly. Unexposed fruit (shaded) did not develop sunscald. On sun-exposed sections of the fruit, sunscald incidence increased and appeared closer to harvest, as sunburn severity increased. Total ascorbic acid (AsA) was the highest on fruit with no sunburn symptoms (shaded and sun-exposed), but over 90% of it was in its oxidized form. There were no clear differences for any of the AsA–GSH recycling enzyme activities or transcription levels between sun exposures levels during cold storage. All quercetin glycosides were higher in fruit with sun-injury compared to those sun-exposed or shaded throughout the storage period. In severe sunburned or shaded fruit, quercetin glycosides represented 73% and 10% of total phenolic content, respectively. Quercetin glycosides contents at harvest were highly correlated with sunscald appearance in storage. Sunscald symptoms appearance was associated with lower quercetin glycosides concentration on fruit skin. The results indicate that the AsA–GSH cycle does not play a direct role in ‘sunscald’ development on Granny Smith apples. Instead, quercetin glycosides appear to be directly related with sunscald expression postharvest, i.e. the higher their concentration in the tissue, the faster the accumulation of their brown oxidative products.
Identifying the social impacts of sport tourism events is useful for the implementation of planni... more Identifying the social impacts of sport tourism events is useful for the implementation of planning and management policies. By acknowledging the need to undertake research on the impacts of sport tourism events in third world economies, this paper aims to identify the social impacts of the 2011 Pan American Games as perceived by a host community in Mexico. A total of 384 questionnaires were administered to local residents in 2010. Informants identified that the sporting event will have positive impacts such as investment, new jobs, commercial opportunities, infrastructure improvement and the tourism promotion of the city. However, locals also acknowledged that traffic congestion, crowding and the increase of trash, noise and goods and services prices will come as a consequence of hosting the event. This paper ends by presenting theoretical and practical implications of the event impacts.