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Papers by Ismail Suleiman

Research paper thumbnail of The Disposal Practices of Unused and Expired Pharmaceutical Products Among Non-Governmental Healthcare Providers in North Eastern Nigeria

African Journal of Health Safety and Environment, Feb 5, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of pharmaceutical care services provided to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Rivers state, Nigeria

Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 2023

Pharmaceutical care of HIV infected persons on antiretroviral therapy is pertinent in optimal man... more Pharmaceutical care of HIV infected persons on antiretroviral therapy is pertinent in optimal management to achieve viral suppression and improve immune status. The objective of the study was to assess pharmaceutical care services provided to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out among 217 pharmacists giving pharmaceutical care services to HIV positive patients in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data collection tool was a structured, pre-tested questionnaire used to assess pharmaceutical care services carried out by pharmacists. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel. Most of the respondents were female (62.8%). More than half (59.9%) of the subjects involved in provision of pharmaceutical care to HIV infected patients were practicing in the hospital setting. Most respondents (77.8%) did not monitor for drug therapy problems (DTPs), while most (89.9%) did not document interventions to identified drug therapy problems. Majority of respondents (90.3%) established rapport with patients to improve adherence. Most respondents (72.5%) had regular supply of antiretroviral drugs in their health facility. Pharmaceutical care services rendered to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy was sub-optimal. Identification of DTPs and respective interventions, involvement in general patient management, and documentation of activities were the most affected.

Research paper thumbnail of Cost of Hypertension Therapy in Tertiary Health Facilities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria – Patients’ Perspective

Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy, 2021

Background - Funding needs to be sustainable for hypertension treatment so there is need to evalu... more Background - Funding needs to be sustainable for hypertension treatment so there is need to evaluate the cost of therapy regularly to guide decision making. Objective - The aim is to evaluate the cost of achieving goal blood pressure (BP) of 139mmHg systolic and or 89mmHg diastolic from the patients’ perspective in 2 tertiary health facilities. Methods – Folders of clinically diagnosed hypertensive adult patients aged 21-80years in 2 tertiary health facilities were surveyed retrospectively. Sampling was by systematic random sampling technique choosing every third folder from a list. Sample size was calculated with Cochrane formula for population less than 10,000. Out of 723 folders reviewed 227(31.4%) achieved goal BP. Cost of therapy was computed for the 227 folders using the facility price list and local costs for transportation and BP monitoring. Bottom-up, Sum_ Diagnosis specific technique was used to compute component costs excluding intangible costs. Discounting and sensitivity tests were not applicable. Results - The cost range was NGN3,105-NGN35,350($8.87-$101) per patient for 30days Mean monthly patient cost was NGN10,460.38 ($30). Proportion of component costs in total costs was as follows, Laboratory tests 35.17%, Medicines 31.89%, Hospital charges 22.86%, Transportation 5.58%, Income loss 2.53% and BP monitoring 1.97%. The pattern revealed one facility had slightly higher costs and lower proportion of patients reaching goal BP. Conclusion – Cost of therapy was too high. Monthly cost range was 17.5-19.6% of minimum wage. Policy makers need to adopt strategies to reduce cost and protect hypertensive patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Role of lifestyle modification in the management of diabetes: Insights from a cross-sectional study in Bayelsa state southern Nigeria

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science

Research paper thumbnail of Adherence to practice, management regulations, and quality improvement activities in community pharmacies in Bayelsa state and Rivers state, Nigeria

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science

Research paper thumbnail of Adherence to Medication among Hypertensive Diabetic Patients in a Secondary Health Institution in Lagos State

Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy Research

Background: Non-adherence to treatment is an important and often unrecognized risk factor that co... more Background: Non-adherence to treatment is an important and often unrecognized risk factor that contributes to sub-optimal control of glucose level and blood pressure among hypertensive diabetics. Adequate glycaemic control is of utmost importance in reducing the burden of disease attributable to diabetes, and its complications. Objectives: To assess adherence to medication therapy among hypertensive diabetic patients, determine barriers to medication adherence and evaluate respective clinical outcomes of therapy among hypertensive diabetics. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out using adapted and pretested questionnaire. The degree of adherence was determined and classified as high, medium or low depending on the scores. A total of 216 valid questionnaires were returned and analyzed out of the 300 distributed. Results: Of the study population, females were 121 (56.0%). Half of the respondents (50.0%) were above 60 years of age. Proportions of the subjects wit...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of pharmaceutical care services provided to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Rivers state, Nigeria

Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia

Pharmaceutical care of HIV infected persons on antiretroviral therapy is pertinent in optimal man... more Pharmaceutical care of HIV infected persons on antiretroviral therapy is pertinent in optimal management to achieve viral suppression and improve immune status. The objective of the study was to assess pharmaceutical care services provided to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out among 217 pharmacists giving pharmaceutical care services to HIV positive patients in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data collection tool was a structured, pre-tested questionnaire used to assess pharmaceutical care services carried out by pharmacists. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel. Most of the respondents were female (62.8%). More than half (59.9%) of the subjects involved in provision of pharmaceutical care to HIV infected patients were practicing in the hospital setting. Most respondents (77.8%) did not monitor for drug therapy problems (DTPs), while most (89.9%) did not document interventions to identified drug therapy problems. Majority of respondents (90.3%) established rapport with patients to improve adherence. Most respondents (72.5%) had regular supply of antiretroviral drugs in their health facility. Pharmaceutical care services rendered to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy was sub-optimal. Identification of DTPs and respective interventions, involvement in general patient management, and documentation of activities were the most affected.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the Cost of Therapy in the Management of Ear, Nose and Throat Infections in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Co-morbidities and clinical complications associated with patients undergoing hypertension Pharmacotherapy in Bayelsa state

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, Jul 29, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Peptic ulcer disease drugs usage patterns and its economic burden in a tertiary health institution in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Prescribers’ Adherence to Treatment Guidelines for Uncomplicated Malaria in Primary Health Centres in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021

Background: Malaria, though preventable and treatable, remains a disease with unacceptably high m... more Background: Malaria, though preventable and treatable, remains a disease with unacceptably high mortality in Nigeria. Effective and prompt treatment of uncomplicated cases reduces progression to severe disease, development of drug resistance, and cuts the costs of the disease.Objective: To assess adherence by prescribers to recommended treatment (based on National Treatment Guideline) for uncomplicated malaria in primary health centres (PHCs) in the eight Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective review of case notes and prescription sheets for suspected malaria cases treated at 28 PHCs within a year of data collection was done. Relevant data about the prescribers, the patients, and the antimalarial drugs prescribed were collected and analyzed as appropriate.Results: A total of 2,303 case notes of patients attending PHCs were examined over the study period. A high proportion of malaria (1422, 61.7%) was observed among the 2,303 cases. The media...

Research paper thumbnail of Cost Minimization Analysis of Antibacterial Therapy In A Developing Country

Research paper thumbnail of PCV40 Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Therapy in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun Satate, Nigeria

Value in Health, 2005

To know the cost implications of antihypertensive therapy to society. METHOD: Cost of Illness Ana... more To know the cost implications of antihypertensive therapy to society. METHOD: Cost of Illness Analysis was used for OutPatients. Drug review was carried out retrospectively for randomly sampled 39 case notes over a one-year period. The following were collected; number of hospital visits, BP at each visit, drugs prescribed at each visit. Cost components were the direct medical costs. These include the total cost of drugs over one-year period, personnel cost, diagnostic costs, and transport cost. Hospital cost of the drugs were used and the cost per defined daily dose of each drug was calculated as well as the total drug cost for one year. Stopwatch time studies and monthly earnings were used in the calculation of personnel costs for each patient bearing in mind the number of visits. Since the study covers a one-year period (July, 2003-July, 2004), neither discounting nor inflation were considered in the analysis. RESULTS: Combination therapy was used for all patients. Total cost of therapy for the 39 patients over a one year period = N1,391,528.35 (US$9939.49), 90.4% (N1,258,139.35; US$8986.71) of which was for drugs. Average cost per patient = N35,680.21, range of cost; N1,026.80 and N84,395.15. With prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria estimated to be 10%-12% (132.8 million according to UNDP 2004); total Cost of Illness associated with hypertension less the indirect costs among others not considered could be in the range of N473,142,628,800.00 i.e. over N450 billion (over US$3.38 billion) per annum. CONCLUSION: The cost of illness due to hypertension is quiete high, particularly in a country where 70.2% (93.2 million) of people live below the poverty line (earning less than US$1 (N140) per day. Urgent measures need to be taken not only for more cost effective therapy, but also to increase awareness and prevention of hypertension among others.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of antibacterials utilization in primary, secondary and tertiary hospital in a developing economy

Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of 4.0. Evaluating health related quality of life among hypertensive patients: An educational intervention

https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.5.2.0052 Abstract The health care sector has shown increased ... more https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.5.2.0052 Abstract The health care sector has shown increased interest in humanistic outcomes of therapy. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) evaluation among patients receiving treatment for chronic diseases is now widely applied. Hence, the effect of education on the HRQOL of hypertensive patients was evaluated in two tertiary health facilities; FMC, Yenagoa and NDUTH, Okolobiri in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Trained Pharmacist interviewed willing hypertensive patients between 21-80 years of age at the cardiology clinics of the health facilities using the MINICHAL questionnaire which is specific for hypertension. A convenient sampling technique was adopted. Demographic characteristics were also obtained. The responses (425) were analyzed and observed. To evaluate the effect of drugs and educational intervention, an interactive health talks on hypertension was held at their cardiology clinic weekly for six weeks. Two months later the questionnaire ...

Research paper thumbnail of Original Research Prevalence and control of hypertension in a Niger Delta semi urban community, Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Comparative Costs of Antibacterial Usage in Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Purpose: To evaluate the cost of antibacterial usage to patients in a tertiary health facility in... more Purpose: To evaluate the cost of antibacterial usage to patients in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Methods: Drug utilization evaluation was carried out retrospectively among patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) over a one-year period between 2005 and 2006 in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria. Case notes numbering 230 and containing 317 prescriptions were sampled consecutively with the aid of diagnostic coding cards. Relevant data including case demographics, diagnosis, prescribed drugs, and dosages were extracted and the associated costs analysed. Results: A majority of the patients (82.3 %) were youths aged 21- 40 years. Higher prevalence was observed among male patients (70.2 %). The proportion of drugs prescribed in generic and branded names were 82.1 and 17.9 %, respectively. Total number of antibacterial doses was 7284 at a total cost of NGN239,420.00 (US$1,841.69). Average antibacterial cost per patient was NGN1,040.96 (US$8.00). Quinol...

Research paper thumbnail of Amassoma, Southern Ijaw Local Government Area

Research paper thumbnail of Utilization Studies, Infectious

Purpose: To carry out economic evaluation of antibacterial usage for Ear, Nose and Throat infecti... more Purpose: To carry out economic evaluation of antibacterial usage for Ear, Nose and Throat infections in a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria. Methods: Antibacterial utilisation evaluation was carried out retrospectively over one year period by reviewing 122 case notes containing 182 prescriptions of patient with Ear Nose and Throat infections. Relevant data including demographics, diagnosis, prescribed drugs, dosages, were extracted and the associated costs analysed. Results: Highest prevalent rate of Ear, Nose and Throat infections occurred in children under 10 years of age (59.3%) with otitis media predominating (45.0%). Average antibacterial cost per case was N1971.37 (US$15.16). Penicillins were the most frequently prescribed (35.5%) at a cost of N89,468.00 (US$688.22) representing 24.9 % of the total antibacterial cost. Cephalosporins were used at a rate of 12.1 % with a percentage total antibacterial cost of 48.4% (N173,554.00, US$1335.03). Conclusion: The average cost o...

Research paper thumbnail of Cost of illness among diabetes mellitus patients in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research

Objectives There is paucity of information on cost implications of chronic diseases, such as diab... more Objectives There is paucity of information on cost implications of chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, in developing countries, which is needed for well-informed policies and decisions. The objectives of the study were to evaluate cost of illness among diabetes mellitus patients and determine its probable national cost implications.Methods The study was carried out in a tertiary health institution in the Niger Delta region. It involved a cross-sectional retrospective drug utilisation evaluation and cost of illness analysis among 400 diabetes mellitus patients with a societal perspective.Key findingsThree hundred and twenty-one patients (80.3%) met the study criteria. Glycaemic control was very poor in 68.5% of the patients and more than three-quarters had one or more complications or concurrent illnesses. The average direct cost of illness per patient with type 2 diabetes alone was NG45 531.19 (US$284.57), while that of type 1 diabetes mellitus alone was NGN100 032.89 (US$6...

Research paper thumbnail of The Disposal Practices of Unused and Expired Pharmaceutical Products Among Non-Governmental Healthcare Providers in North Eastern Nigeria

African Journal of Health Safety and Environment, Feb 5, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of pharmaceutical care services provided to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Rivers state, Nigeria

Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia, 2023

Pharmaceutical care of HIV infected persons on antiretroviral therapy is pertinent in optimal man... more Pharmaceutical care of HIV infected persons on antiretroviral therapy is pertinent in optimal management to achieve viral suppression and improve immune status. The objective of the study was to assess pharmaceutical care services provided to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out among 217 pharmacists giving pharmaceutical care services to HIV positive patients in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data collection tool was a structured, pre-tested questionnaire used to assess pharmaceutical care services carried out by pharmacists. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel. Most of the respondents were female (62.8%). More than half (59.9%) of the subjects involved in provision of pharmaceutical care to HIV infected patients were practicing in the hospital setting. Most respondents (77.8%) did not monitor for drug therapy problems (DTPs), while most (89.9%) did not document interventions to identified drug therapy problems. Majority of respondents (90.3%) established rapport with patients to improve adherence. Most respondents (72.5%) had regular supply of antiretroviral drugs in their health facility. Pharmaceutical care services rendered to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy was sub-optimal. Identification of DTPs and respective interventions, involvement in general patient management, and documentation of activities were the most affected.

Research paper thumbnail of Cost of Hypertension Therapy in Tertiary Health Facilities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria – Patients’ Perspective

Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy, 2021

Background - Funding needs to be sustainable for hypertension treatment so there is need to evalu... more Background - Funding needs to be sustainable for hypertension treatment so there is need to evaluate the cost of therapy regularly to guide decision making. Objective - The aim is to evaluate the cost of achieving goal blood pressure (BP) of 139mmHg systolic and or 89mmHg diastolic from the patients’ perspective in 2 tertiary health facilities. Methods – Folders of clinically diagnosed hypertensive adult patients aged 21-80years in 2 tertiary health facilities were surveyed retrospectively. Sampling was by systematic random sampling technique choosing every third folder from a list. Sample size was calculated with Cochrane formula for population less than 10,000. Out of 723 folders reviewed 227(31.4%) achieved goal BP. Cost of therapy was computed for the 227 folders using the facility price list and local costs for transportation and BP monitoring. Bottom-up, Sum_ Diagnosis specific technique was used to compute component costs excluding intangible costs. Discounting and sensitivity tests were not applicable. Results - The cost range was NGN3,105-NGN35,350($8.87-$101) per patient for 30days Mean monthly patient cost was NGN10,460.38 ($30). Proportion of component costs in total costs was as follows, Laboratory tests 35.17%, Medicines 31.89%, Hospital charges 22.86%, Transportation 5.58%, Income loss 2.53% and BP monitoring 1.97%. The pattern revealed one facility had slightly higher costs and lower proportion of patients reaching goal BP. Conclusion – Cost of therapy was too high. Monthly cost range was 17.5-19.6% of minimum wage. Policy makers need to adopt strategies to reduce cost and protect hypertensive patients.

Research paper thumbnail of Role of lifestyle modification in the management of diabetes: Insights from a cross-sectional study in Bayelsa state southern Nigeria

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science

Research paper thumbnail of Adherence to practice, management regulations, and quality improvement activities in community pharmacies in Bayelsa state and Rivers state, Nigeria

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science

Research paper thumbnail of Adherence to Medication among Hypertensive Diabetic Patients in a Secondary Health Institution in Lagos State

Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy Research

Background: Non-adherence to treatment is an important and often unrecognized risk factor that co... more Background: Non-adherence to treatment is an important and often unrecognized risk factor that contributes to sub-optimal control of glucose level and blood pressure among hypertensive diabetics. Adequate glycaemic control is of utmost importance in reducing the burden of disease attributable to diabetes, and its complications. Objectives: To assess adherence to medication therapy among hypertensive diabetic patients, determine barriers to medication adherence and evaluate respective clinical outcomes of therapy among hypertensive diabetics. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out using adapted and pretested questionnaire. The degree of adherence was determined and classified as high, medium or low depending on the scores. A total of 216 valid questionnaires were returned and analyzed out of the 300 distributed. Results: Of the study population, females were 121 (56.0%). Half of the respondents (50.0%) were above 60 years of age. Proportions of the subjects wit...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of pharmaceutical care services provided to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in Rivers state, Nigeria

Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia

Pharmaceutical care of HIV infected persons on antiretroviral therapy is pertinent in optimal man... more Pharmaceutical care of HIV infected persons on antiretroviral therapy is pertinent in optimal management to achieve viral suppression and improve immune status. The objective of the study was to assess pharmaceutical care services provided to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. A prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out among 217 pharmacists giving pharmaceutical care services to HIV positive patients in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data collection tool was a structured, pre-tested questionnaire used to assess pharmaceutical care services carried out by pharmacists. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel. Most of the respondents were female (62.8%). More than half (59.9%) of the subjects involved in provision of pharmaceutical care to HIV infected patients were practicing in the hospital setting. Most respondents (77.8%) did not monitor for drug therapy problems (DTPs), while most (89.9%) did not document interventions to identified drug therapy problems. Majority of respondents (90.3%) established rapport with patients to improve adherence. Most respondents (72.5%) had regular supply of antiretroviral drugs in their health facility. Pharmaceutical care services rendered to HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy was sub-optimal. Identification of DTPs and respective interventions, involvement in general patient management, and documentation of activities were the most affected.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of the Cost of Therapy in the Management of Ear, Nose and Throat Infections in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

African Journal of Biomedical Research, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Co-morbidities and clinical complications associated with patients undergoing hypertension Pharmacotherapy in Bayelsa state

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, Jul 29, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Peptic ulcer disease drugs usage patterns and its economic burden in a tertiary health institution in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical research, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Prescribers’ Adherence to Treatment Guidelines for Uncomplicated Malaria in Primary Health Centres in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021

Background: Malaria, though preventable and treatable, remains a disease with unacceptably high m... more Background: Malaria, though preventable and treatable, remains a disease with unacceptably high mortality in Nigeria. Effective and prompt treatment of uncomplicated cases reduces progression to severe disease, development of drug resistance, and cuts the costs of the disease.Objective: To assess adherence by prescribers to recommended treatment (based on National Treatment Guideline) for uncomplicated malaria in primary health centres (PHCs) in the eight Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective review of case notes and prescription sheets for suspected malaria cases treated at 28 PHCs within a year of data collection was done. Relevant data about the prescribers, the patients, and the antimalarial drugs prescribed were collected and analyzed as appropriate.Results: A total of 2,303 case notes of patients attending PHCs were examined over the study period. A high proportion of malaria (1422, 61.7%) was observed among the 2,303 cases. The media...

Research paper thumbnail of Cost Minimization Analysis of Antibacterial Therapy In A Developing Country

Research paper thumbnail of PCV40 Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Therapy in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun Satate, Nigeria

Value in Health, 2005

To know the cost implications of antihypertensive therapy to society. METHOD: Cost of Illness Ana... more To know the cost implications of antihypertensive therapy to society. METHOD: Cost of Illness Analysis was used for OutPatients. Drug review was carried out retrospectively for randomly sampled 39 case notes over a one-year period. The following were collected; number of hospital visits, BP at each visit, drugs prescribed at each visit. Cost components were the direct medical costs. These include the total cost of drugs over one-year period, personnel cost, diagnostic costs, and transport cost. Hospital cost of the drugs were used and the cost per defined daily dose of each drug was calculated as well as the total drug cost for one year. Stopwatch time studies and monthly earnings were used in the calculation of personnel costs for each patient bearing in mind the number of visits. Since the study covers a one-year period (July, 2003-July, 2004), neither discounting nor inflation were considered in the analysis. RESULTS: Combination therapy was used for all patients. Total cost of therapy for the 39 patients over a one year period = N1,391,528.35 (US$9939.49), 90.4% (N1,258,139.35; US$8986.71) of which was for drugs. Average cost per patient = N35,680.21, range of cost; N1,026.80 and N84,395.15. With prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria estimated to be 10%-12% (132.8 million according to UNDP 2004); total Cost of Illness associated with hypertension less the indirect costs among others not considered could be in the range of N473,142,628,800.00 i.e. over N450 billion (over US$3.38 billion) per annum. CONCLUSION: The cost of illness due to hypertension is quiete high, particularly in a country where 70.2% (93.2 million) of people live below the poverty line (earning less than US$1 (N140) per day. Urgent measures need to be taken not only for more cost effective therapy, but also to increase awareness and prevention of hypertension among others.

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of antibacterials utilization in primary, secondary and tertiary hospital in a developing economy

Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of 4.0. Evaluating health related quality of life among hypertensive patients: An educational intervention

https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.5.2.0052 Abstract The health care sector has shown increased ... more https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.5.2.0052 Abstract The health care sector has shown increased interest in humanistic outcomes of therapy. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) evaluation among patients receiving treatment for chronic diseases is now widely applied. Hence, the effect of education on the HRQOL of hypertensive patients was evaluated in two tertiary health facilities; FMC, Yenagoa and NDUTH, Okolobiri in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Trained Pharmacist interviewed willing hypertensive patients between 21-80 years of age at the cardiology clinics of the health facilities using the MINICHAL questionnaire which is specific for hypertension. A convenient sampling technique was adopted. Demographic characteristics were also obtained. The responses (425) were analyzed and observed. To evaluate the effect of drugs and educational intervention, an interactive health talks on hypertension was held at their cardiology clinic weekly for six weeks. Two months later the questionnaire ...

Research paper thumbnail of Original Research Prevalence and control of hypertension in a Niger Delta semi urban community, Nigeria

Research paper thumbnail of Research Article Comparative Costs of Antibacterial Usage in Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Purpose: To evaluate the cost of antibacterial usage to patients in a tertiary health facility in... more Purpose: To evaluate the cost of antibacterial usage to patients in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Methods: Drug utilization evaluation was carried out retrospectively among patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) over a one-year period between 2005 and 2006 in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Nigeria. Case notes numbering 230 and containing 317 prescriptions were sampled consecutively with the aid of diagnostic coding cards. Relevant data including case demographics, diagnosis, prescribed drugs, and dosages were extracted and the associated costs analysed. Results: A majority of the patients (82.3 %) were youths aged 21- 40 years. Higher prevalence was observed among male patients (70.2 %). The proportion of drugs prescribed in generic and branded names were 82.1 and 17.9 %, respectively. Total number of antibacterial doses was 7284 at a total cost of NGN239,420.00 (US$1,841.69). Average antibacterial cost per patient was NGN1,040.96 (US$8.00). Quinol...

Research paper thumbnail of Amassoma, Southern Ijaw Local Government Area

Research paper thumbnail of Utilization Studies, Infectious

Purpose: To carry out economic evaluation of antibacterial usage for Ear, Nose and Throat infecti... more Purpose: To carry out economic evaluation of antibacterial usage for Ear, Nose and Throat infections in a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria. Methods: Antibacterial utilisation evaluation was carried out retrospectively over one year period by reviewing 122 case notes containing 182 prescriptions of patient with Ear Nose and Throat infections. Relevant data including demographics, diagnosis, prescribed drugs, dosages, were extracted and the associated costs analysed. Results: Highest prevalent rate of Ear, Nose and Throat infections occurred in children under 10 years of age (59.3%) with otitis media predominating (45.0%). Average antibacterial cost per case was N1971.37 (US$15.16). Penicillins were the most frequently prescribed (35.5%) at a cost of N89,468.00 (US$688.22) representing 24.9 % of the total antibacterial cost. Cephalosporins were used at a rate of 12.1 % with a percentage total antibacterial cost of 48.4% (N173,554.00, US$1335.03). Conclusion: The average cost o...

Research paper thumbnail of Cost of illness among diabetes mellitus patients in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research

Objectives There is paucity of information on cost implications of chronic diseases, such as diab... more Objectives There is paucity of information on cost implications of chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, in developing countries, which is needed for well-informed policies and decisions. The objectives of the study were to evaluate cost of illness among diabetes mellitus patients and determine its probable national cost implications.Methods The study was carried out in a tertiary health institution in the Niger Delta region. It involved a cross-sectional retrospective drug utilisation evaluation and cost of illness analysis among 400 diabetes mellitus patients with a societal perspective.Key findingsThree hundred and twenty-one patients (80.3%) met the study criteria. Glycaemic control was very poor in 68.5% of the patients and more than three-quarters had one or more complications or concurrent illnesses. The average direct cost of illness per patient with type 2 diabetes alone was NG45 531.19 (US$284.57), while that of type 1 diabetes mellitus alone was NGN100 032.89 (US$6...