Iva Obrusnikova - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Iva Obrusnikova
Delaware journal of public health, Mar 1, 2024
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2012
Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, Oct 1, 2012
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2009
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2010
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2010
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2009
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2011
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2011
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2012
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2010
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2011
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2012
Sonderpädagogische Förderung heute, Aug 10, 2017
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings, 2018
Autism, Apr 28, 2021
Personal beliefs and attitudes about body weight and body image are important determinants of wei... more Personal beliefs and attitudes about body weight and body image are important determinants of weight management practices. To inform efforts to prevent and treat obesity among autistic adults, this study examined how autistic adults perceive weight management, body weight, and body image. Eleven adults participated in semi-structured interviews. Consistent with an interpretive paradigm, an interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology was employed, resulting in four themes: (a) Mental and physical health: direct and indirect interactions, (b) ASD traits and health-related behaviors, (c) Body dissatisfaction: Unrealistic ideals and misperceptions, and (d) Sources of information. This study’s findings have several implications for research and practice. First, participants viewed overweight and obesity as just one component of a holistic perspective of health. A dynamic, bidirectional relationship between mental health and physical health, including overweight/obesity was described, leading us to posit that the promotion of mental health is crucial for the promotion of overall health among autistic adults. Second, body dissatisfaction was pervasive among participants in this sample. This finding requires future research as it may be an important target for intervention, with relevance for mental health and weight management practices. Finally, interactions with medical professionals regarding weight management were perceived to be inadequate. Lay abstract Our beliefs and feelings about our bodies and our body weight influence our weight management behaviors, such as physical activity and eating behaviors. These beliefs and feelings are largely shaped by how we interact with, and compare ourselves to, people in our lives. Due to the social traits associated with autism, autistic adults may have different perceptions of body weight, body image, and weight management than neurotypical adults. To explore this, for the first time, we interviewed 11 autistic adults. The participants’ perceptions can be summarized in four findings. First, the participants viewed overweight and obesity as just one part of their overall health. Participants described how their mental health and physical health, including overweight/obesity, were closely connected. Second, some traits related to autism made weight management difficult; for example, eating and physical activity were negatively impacted by social anxiety, sensory sensitivity, obsessiveness, and a strong desire for routine. Third, participants were generally dissatisfied with how they looked. This was primarily due to a disconnect between how they felt their body looked and how it actually looked in real life. Other people, including on social media, also negatively influenced how they perceived themselves. Fourth, and finally, participants described how they got most of their weight management-related information online. Medical professionals were frequently described as being unprepared to provide them assistance related to weight management.
Disability and Health Journal, 2022
BACKGROUND Adults with an intellectual disability (ID) have low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). ... more BACKGROUND Adults with an intellectual disability (ID) have low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Low CRF has been associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Participation in regular exercise can help adults with ID increase their CRF. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published, peer-reviewed clinical trials that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) interventions on CRF in adults with ID, ages 18-65 years. METHODS English-language articles were searched up to June 2021 from 11 electronic databases. Data were extracted using an author-developed form. Two independent authors assessed the risk of bias using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX). Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3. RESULTS Of the 1870 article titles and abstracts screened, 16 articles were included. The average TESTEX score (out of 15) was 8.1 (SD = 3.5, range 2-14). The pooled effect was statistically significant (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.63, z = 3.59; p = .000) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 35%, p = .000). Both types of intervention produced statistically significant CRF gains, with interventions that combined AE with resistance, balance, and/or flexibility exercises being slightly more effective (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.70, p = .007) than non-combined interventions (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.79, p = .02). Heterogeneity was moderate but non-significant for both types of intervention. CONCLUSIONS The review supports the use of AE interventions in promoting CRF in adults with ID. The interpretation is limited by the quality of evidence and by poorly described and/or executed familiarization and measurement protocols.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, Dec 1, 2009
Journal of physical education, recreation & dance, Mar 16, 2016
Video-based modeling is becoming increasingly popular for teaching fundamental motor skills to ch... more Video-based modeling is becoming increasingly popular for teaching fundamental motor skills to children in physical education. Two frequently used video-based instructional strategies that incorporate modeling are video prompting (VP) and video modeling (VM). Both strategies have been used across multiple disciplines and populations to teach a wide range of skills, including motor skills. This article describes the benefits of VM and VP and presents eight basic steps to implementing them into physical education classes to promote the acquisition of fundamental motor skills in children. The eight steps are: (1) identifying the target skill(s), (2) selecting the learning cues, (3) selecting the video equipment, (4) selecting the video model, (5) creating the video, (6) selecting and arranging the setting, (7) monitoring progress, and (8) fading.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, Apr 1, 2008
The primary purpose was to extend Rizzo's research and identify the variables which contribut... more The primary purpose was to extend Rizzo's research and identify the variables which contribute significantly to physical educators' positive beliefs about teaching children with disabilities. The second purpose was to structure physical educators' beliefs by conditions of disability. Participants were a stratified random sample of 168 physical educators, 79 men and 89 women from eastern USA. Responses to Rizzo's Physical Educators' Attitudes Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities–III indicated that teachers' beliefs were generally positive but varied by type of disability. Beliefs were more positive about teaching children with specific learning disabilities and less positive about teaching children with emotional and behavioral disorders. Significant predictors of positive beliefs were perceived competence, positive teaching experience with children with disabilities, and course work in adapted physical education. The study has important implications for programs of preparing students to teach.
Delaware journal of public health, Mar 1, 2024
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2012
Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, Oct 1, 2012
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2009
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2010
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2010
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2009
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2011
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2011
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2012
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2010
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2011
Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2012
Sonderpädagogische Förderung heute, Aug 10, 2017
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings, 2018
Autism, Apr 28, 2021
Personal beliefs and attitudes about body weight and body image are important determinants of wei... more Personal beliefs and attitudes about body weight and body image are important determinants of weight management practices. To inform efforts to prevent and treat obesity among autistic adults, this study examined how autistic adults perceive weight management, body weight, and body image. Eleven adults participated in semi-structured interviews. Consistent with an interpretive paradigm, an interpretative phenomenological analysis methodology was employed, resulting in four themes: (a) Mental and physical health: direct and indirect interactions, (b) ASD traits and health-related behaviors, (c) Body dissatisfaction: Unrealistic ideals and misperceptions, and (d) Sources of information. This study’s findings have several implications for research and practice. First, participants viewed overweight and obesity as just one component of a holistic perspective of health. A dynamic, bidirectional relationship between mental health and physical health, including overweight/obesity was described, leading us to posit that the promotion of mental health is crucial for the promotion of overall health among autistic adults. Second, body dissatisfaction was pervasive among participants in this sample. This finding requires future research as it may be an important target for intervention, with relevance for mental health and weight management practices. Finally, interactions with medical professionals regarding weight management were perceived to be inadequate. Lay abstract Our beliefs and feelings about our bodies and our body weight influence our weight management behaviors, such as physical activity and eating behaviors. These beliefs and feelings are largely shaped by how we interact with, and compare ourselves to, people in our lives. Due to the social traits associated with autism, autistic adults may have different perceptions of body weight, body image, and weight management than neurotypical adults. To explore this, for the first time, we interviewed 11 autistic adults. The participants’ perceptions can be summarized in four findings. First, the participants viewed overweight and obesity as just one part of their overall health. Participants described how their mental health and physical health, including overweight/obesity, were closely connected. Second, some traits related to autism made weight management difficult; for example, eating and physical activity were negatively impacted by social anxiety, sensory sensitivity, obsessiveness, and a strong desire for routine. Third, participants were generally dissatisfied with how they looked. This was primarily due to a disconnect between how they felt their body looked and how it actually looked in real life. Other people, including on social media, also negatively influenced how they perceived themselves. Fourth, and finally, participants described how they got most of their weight management-related information online. Medical professionals were frequently described as being unprepared to provide them assistance related to weight management.
Disability and Health Journal, 2022
BACKGROUND Adults with an intellectual disability (ID) have low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). ... more BACKGROUND Adults with an intellectual disability (ID) have low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Low CRF has been associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Participation in regular exercise can help adults with ID increase their CRF. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published, peer-reviewed clinical trials that evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE) interventions on CRF in adults with ID, ages 18-65 years. METHODS English-language articles were searched up to June 2021 from 11 electronic databases. Data were extracted using an author-developed form. Two independent authors assessed the risk of bias using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX). Meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.3. RESULTS Of the 1870 article titles and abstracts screened, 16 articles were included. The average TESTEX score (out of 15) was 8.1 (SD = 3.5, range 2-14). The pooled effect was statistically significant (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.63, z = 3.59; p = .000) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 35%, p = .000). Both types of intervention produced statistically significant CRF gains, with interventions that combined AE with resistance, balance, and/or flexibility exercises being slightly more effective (SMD = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.70, p = .007) than non-combined interventions (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.79, p = .02). Heterogeneity was moderate but non-significant for both types of intervention. CONCLUSIONS The review supports the use of AE interventions in promoting CRF in adults with ID. The interpretation is limited by the quality of evidence and by poorly described and/or executed familiarization and measurement protocols.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, Dec 1, 2009
Journal of physical education, recreation & dance, Mar 16, 2016
Video-based modeling is becoming increasingly popular for teaching fundamental motor skills to ch... more Video-based modeling is becoming increasingly popular for teaching fundamental motor skills to children in physical education. Two frequently used video-based instructional strategies that incorporate modeling are video prompting (VP) and video modeling (VM). Both strategies have been used across multiple disciplines and populations to teach a wide range of skills, including motor skills. This article describes the benefits of VM and VP and presents eight basic steps to implementing them into physical education classes to promote the acquisition of fundamental motor skills in children. The eight steps are: (1) identifying the target skill(s), (2) selecting the learning cues, (3) selecting the video equipment, (4) selecting the video model, (5) creating the video, (6) selecting and arranging the setting, (7) monitoring progress, and (8) fading.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, Apr 1, 2008
The primary purpose was to extend Rizzo's research and identify the variables which contribut... more The primary purpose was to extend Rizzo's research and identify the variables which contribute significantly to physical educators' positive beliefs about teaching children with disabilities. The second purpose was to structure physical educators' beliefs by conditions of disability. Participants were a stratified random sample of 168 physical educators, 79 men and 89 women from eastern USA. Responses to Rizzo's Physical Educators' Attitudes Toward Teaching Individuals with Disabilities–III indicated that teachers' beliefs were generally positive but varied by type of disability. Beliefs were more positive about teaching children with specific learning disabilities and less positive about teaching children with emotional and behavioral disorders. Significant predictors of positive beliefs were perceived competence, positive teaching experience with children with disabilities, and course work in adapted physical education. The study has important implications for programs of preparing students to teach.