Izak Nieuwoudt - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Izak Nieuwoudt

Chemical Engineering Progress, 2005

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Jul 1, 2001

Liquid-liquid extraction with triethylene glycol as solvent, water as cosolvent, and hexane as co... more Liquid-liquid extraction with triethylene glycol as solvent, water as cosolvent, and hexane as countersolvent is being investigated as a process for the separation of phenolic compounds from neutral oils and nitrogen bases. To this end, liquid-liquid equilibria at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been determined for the systems triethylene glycol + hexane + water + (phenol + aniline + benzonitrile + 5-ethyl-2-methyl pyridine + mesitylene) or (m-cresol + o-tolunitrile + o-toluidine + indene + pseudocumene + undecane) or (2,4-xylenol + 3,4-xylenol + 3,5-xylenol + indane + naphthalene + dodecane). From the experimental results it is concluded that triethylene glycol, hexane, and water are effective solvents for the separation of phenolic compounds from neutral oils and nitrogen bases by means of liquidliquid extraction. LLE binary parameters for the NRTL equation were obtained for each of the three systems by regression of the equilibrium data. The NRTL equation fit the experimental data with a rootmean-square-deviation (RMSD) of 0.0037, 0.0100, and 0.0058 for the systems containing phenol, m-cresol, and the xylenol isomers, respectively.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Sep 18, 1998

Coal pyrolysis liquors are a major source of valuable phenolic compounds. In this study, the sepa... more Coal pyrolysis liquors are a major source of valuable phenolic compounds. In this study, the separation of m-cresol from neutral oils by means of liquid−liquid extraction is investigated. Liquid−liquid equilibria for the systems m-cresol + o-toluonitrile + hexane + water + tetraethylene glycol + undecane + dodecane and m-cresol + o-toluonitrile + hexane + water + tetraethylene glycol have been determined at 313.15 K in order to evaluate the suitability of tetraethylene glycol as a high-boiling solvent for the separation of m-cresol from neutral oils. The effect of parameters such as solvent ratios on the desired separation were investigated. These are illustrated on the basis of separation factors, percentage of feed o-toluonitrile remaining in the solvent phase, and percentage recovery of m-cresol. From the experimental results it was concluded that tetraethylene glycol is suitable for the proposed separation. The nonrandom two-liquid model fitted the experimental data satisfactorily. The model was used ...

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Mar 29, 2000

A method is proposed for the computer-aided molecular design of solvents for extractive distillat... more A method is proposed for the computer-aided molecular design of solvents for extractive distillation. The method is based on a genetic algorithm and uses UNIFAC to estimate relative volatilities. Joback's group contribution methods are used to estimate boiling and freezing points. A number of enhancements, including seeding, evolving fitness functions, and biased gene selection have been included. The method has been implemented in a computer program that runs on a standard desktop computer. A number of industrially significant systems were investigated, and the predicted solvents compare very favorably with those that are currently in use.

A saddle-shaped random packing element is provided with laterally spaced, arcuate side members an... more A saddle-shaped random packing element is provided with laterally spaced, arcuate side members and a plurality of inner and outer rib elements that extend from and between the side members to form an interior volume. At least one lesser rib element extends from the side members and is at least partially positioned within the interior volume so that at least about 20 percent of the surface area of the packing element is positioned within the interior volume.

A touch plate, which is provided with a disk table and the partition wall, the partition wall is ... more A touch plate, which is provided with a disk table and the partition wall, the partition wall is formed by one or more tanks packets and one or more inlet conduits across the disc table constituting the distribution. The tank having a wall surrounding an opening station of the disk steam, the steam travels to the tank opening to allow steam to flow. And arranged to extend downcomer liquid stream to the center of the tank is located below the contact disc on the disc table downward from the inlet downcomer. The discharge opening is provided in the wall of the tank to allow the liquid to flow drain tank. The partition wall of the liquid discharge flow to the downcomer inlet and to prevent the same group or prevents flow of liquid flows to the lower side of the disk table.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 1998

Liquid−liquid equilibria and separation factors for the systems m-cresol + o-toluonitrile + hexan... more Liquid−liquid equilibria and separation factors for the systems m-cresol + o-toluonitrile + hexane + water + (glycerol or triethylene glycol) have been determined at 313.15 K in order to evaluate their suitability in separating m-cresol from o-toluonitrile. The effects of parameters such as the type of high-boiling solvent, solvent ratios, antisolvent ratios, and water to high-boiling solvent ratios on the separation of m-cresol from o-toluonitrile were investigated. These are illustrated on the basis of percentage of feed o-toluonitrile remaining in the high-boiling solvent phase and percentage recovery of m-cresol. From the experimental results it was concluded that triethylene glycol is more suitable for the proposed separation than glycerol.

사이클론 미스트 엘리미네이터를 위한 사이클론이 개시된다. 상기 사이클론은 유입구 단부 및 대향되는 유출구 단부를 가지는 내측 챔버를 둘러싸는 내벽, 상기 내벽과 외벽 사이의 ... more 사이클론 미스트 엘리미네이터를 위한 사이클론이 개시된다. 상기 사이클론은 유입구 단부 및 대향되는 유출구 단부를 가지는 내측 챔버를 둘러싸는 내벽, 상기 내벽과 외벽 사이의 공간 내에 외측 챔버를 형성하도록 상기 내벽을 둘러싸고 상기 내벽으로부터 외측으로 이격되는 상기 외벽, 상기 내측 챔버 내의 유체가 개구들을 통과하고 상기 외측 챔버 내로 들어가도록 상기 내벽 내에 형성되는 상기 개구들, 상기 내측 챔버의 유입구 단부에 위치하는 스윌러 그리고 상기 외측 챔버 내에 위치하는 섬유 패드를 포함한다.

Chemical Engineering Progress, 2005

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, Jul 1, 2001

Liquid-liquid extraction with triethylene glycol as solvent, water as cosolvent, and hexane as co... more Liquid-liquid extraction with triethylene glycol as solvent, water as cosolvent, and hexane as countersolvent is being investigated as a process for the separation of phenolic compounds from neutral oils and nitrogen bases. To this end, liquid-liquid equilibria at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been determined for the systems triethylene glycol + hexane + water + (phenol + aniline + benzonitrile + 5-ethyl-2-methyl pyridine + mesitylene) or (m-cresol + o-tolunitrile + o-toluidine + indene + pseudocumene + undecane) or (2,4-xylenol + 3,4-xylenol + 3,5-xylenol + indane + naphthalene + dodecane). From the experimental results it is concluded that triethylene glycol, hexane, and water are effective solvents for the separation of phenolic compounds from neutral oils and nitrogen bases by means of liquidliquid extraction. LLE binary parameters for the NRTL equation were obtained for each of the three systems by regression of the equilibrium data. The NRTL equation fit the experimental data with a rootmean-square-deviation (RMSD) of 0.0037, 0.0100, and 0.0058 for the systems containing phenol, m-cresol, and the xylenol isomers, respectively.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Sep 18, 1998

Coal pyrolysis liquors are a major source of valuable phenolic compounds. In this study, the sepa... more Coal pyrolysis liquors are a major source of valuable phenolic compounds. In this study, the separation of m-cresol from neutral oils by means of liquid−liquid extraction is investigated. Liquid−liquid equilibria for the systems m-cresol + o-toluonitrile + hexane + water + tetraethylene glycol + undecane + dodecane and m-cresol + o-toluonitrile + hexane + water + tetraethylene glycol have been determined at 313.15 K in order to evaluate the suitability of tetraethylene glycol as a high-boiling solvent for the separation of m-cresol from neutral oils. The effect of parameters such as solvent ratios on the desired separation were investigated. These are illustrated on the basis of separation factors, percentage of feed o-toluonitrile remaining in the solvent phase, and percentage recovery of m-cresol. From the experimental results it was concluded that tetraethylene glycol is suitable for the proposed separation. The nonrandom two-liquid model fitted the experimental data satisfactorily. The model was used ...

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Mar 29, 2000

A method is proposed for the computer-aided molecular design of solvents for extractive distillat... more A method is proposed for the computer-aided molecular design of solvents for extractive distillation. The method is based on a genetic algorithm and uses UNIFAC to estimate relative volatilities. Joback's group contribution methods are used to estimate boiling and freezing points. A number of enhancements, including seeding, evolving fitness functions, and biased gene selection have been included. The method has been implemented in a computer program that runs on a standard desktop computer. A number of industrially significant systems were investigated, and the predicted solvents compare very favorably with those that are currently in use.

A saddle-shaped random packing element is provided with laterally spaced, arcuate side members an... more A saddle-shaped random packing element is provided with laterally spaced, arcuate side members and a plurality of inner and outer rib elements that extend from and between the side members to form an interior volume. At least one lesser rib element extends from the side members and is at least partially positioned within the interior volume so that at least about 20 percent of the surface area of the packing element is positioned within the interior volume.

A touch plate, which is provided with a disk table and the partition wall, the partition wall is ... more A touch plate, which is provided with a disk table and the partition wall, the partition wall is formed by one or more tanks packets and one or more inlet conduits across the disc table constituting the distribution. The tank having a wall surrounding an opening station of the disk steam, the steam travels to the tank opening to allow steam to flow. And arranged to extend downcomer liquid stream to the center of the tank is located below the contact disc on the disc table downward from the inlet downcomer. The discharge opening is provided in the wall of the tank to allow the liquid to flow drain tank. The partition wall of the liquid discharge flow to the downcomer inlet and to prevent the same group or prevents flow of liquid flows to the lower side of the disk table.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 1998

Liquid−liquid equilibria and separation factors for the systems m-cresol + o-toluonitrile + hexan... more Liquid−liquid equilibria and separation factors for the systems m-cresol + o-toluonitrile + hexane + water + (glycerol or triethylene glycol) have been determined at 313.15 K in order to evaluate their suitability in separating m-cresol from o-toluonitrile. The effects of parameters such as the type of high-boiling solvent, solvent ratios, antisolvent ratios, and water to high-boiling solvent ratios on the separation of m-cresol from o-toluonitrile were investigated. These are illustrated on the basis of percentage of feed o-toluonitrile remaining in the high-boiling solvent phase and percentage recovery of m-cresol. From the experimental results it was concluded that triethylene glycol is more suitable for the proposed separation than glycerol.

사이클론 미스트 엘리미네이터를 위한 사이클론이 개시된다. 상기 사이클론은 유입구 단부 및 대향되는 유출구 단부를 가지는 내측 챔버를 둘러싸는 내벽, 상기 내벽과 외벽 사이의 ... more 사이클론 미스트 엘리미네이터를 위한 사이클론이 개시된다. 상기 사이클론은 유입구 단부 및 대향되는 유출구 단부를 가지는 내측 챔버를 둘러싸는 내벽, 상기 내벽과 외벽 사이의 공간 내에 외측 챔버를 형성하도록 상기 내벽을 둘러싸고 상기 내벽으로부터 외측으로 이격되는 상기 외벽, 상기 내측 챔버 내의 유체가 개구들을 통과하고 상기 외측 챔버 내로 들어가도록 상기 내벽 내에 형성되는 상기 개구들, 상기 내측 챔버의 유입구 단부에 위치하는 스윌러 그리고 상기 외측 챔버 내에 위치하는 섬유 패드를 포함한다.