Janis A Cannon-Bbowers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Janis A Cannon-Bbowers
Situational awareness in complex systems, 1994
... Cannon-Bowers General support for the importance of shared mental models among team members h... more ... Cannon-Bowers General support for the importance of shared mental models among team members has been provided indirectly from the results of several studies (Cream, 1974; Dawes, McTavish, & Shaklee, 1977; Hammond, 1965; Hemphill & Rush, 1952; McIntyre, Morgan, ...
Team cognition: Understanding the factors that drive process and performance., 2004
Psychology Press, Dec 14, 2007
... continued) TEAM COMPETENCIES DEFINITION CITATIONS Performance Monitoring and Feedback Concept... more ... continued) TEAM COMPETENCIES DEFINITION CITATIONS Performance Monitoring and Feedback Conceptual understanding of ... is not new; indeed, considerable evidence from thecognitive and learning ... In fact, the term serious games refers to games that are developed for ...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2001
Despite the existence of an overabundance of research articles, reviews, and meta-analyses, there... more Despite the existence of an overabundance of research articles, reviews, and meta-analyses, there still appears to be disagreement regarding the feedback techniques that produce the most optimal learning conditions. The purpose of this research was to investigate two specific types of feedback, process and outcome, as well as the sequence in which these types of feedback should be presented as trainees learn to perform a simulated radar task. It was hypothesized that individuals receiving process feedback followed by outcome feedback would perform better on the simulated radar task than those receiving feedback in any other sequence. The results of this study indicate that individuals receiving feedback, regardless of the type and sequence, performed better at the end of training than those who did not receive feedback. No support was found for recommending a process-outcome feedback sequence.
International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, Second Edition - 3 Volume Set, 2006
PsycEXTRA Dataset
Medicine is practiced not only through encounters and other interactions between patients and pro... more Medicine is practiced not only through encounters and other interactions between patients and providers, but also through documentation of event-centered information via the patient record, and through patient-centered communications between clinicians and between clinicians and patients (and their families). Human factors has been heavily involved in the first two, contributing to design and evaluation of medical devices, identification and remediation of safety issues, and analysis and modifications to electronic health records and their interface. These same two areas have also received widespread research support and capital investment, while the third – clinical communications – has remained in the background for research, investment and human factors involvement. Yet clinical communication is vitally important. Health care providers communicate with patients directly in encounters, and when the communications fail, patients know it, are unhappy, and disparities in treatment, some systematic, arise (Brach & Fraserirector, 2004). In all but the simplest cases, providers also communicate with each other about the care of patients. These patient-centered communications (PCCs) occur through the hidden network of relationships linking providers with each other and with patients. These PCCs are largely ephemeral, occurring in encounter rooms and via phone calls, pagers, hallway chat, and increasingly, tasking within EHRs. Research has begun to indicate that this mesh of PCCs can have substantial effects on outcomes (Kahn and Angus, 2011). When these PCCs fail, negative outcomes occur, but we know little of what “good” PCCs look like, or how to encourage or train them. Virtually no PCC data is captured in EHRs or elsewhere. All this points to a fertile but undiscovered country for human factors. This panel brings together four leading researchers with different perspectives on this domain: how clinical communication has evolved with the practice of medicine and communication technology; what we know about and can learn from failures of clinical communications; how leading edge training technology can help clinicians acquire adaptive communication expertise; and how broader issues of teamwork and organization affect and are affected by communication needs.
PsycEXTRA Dataset
Even with the tremendous amount of applied and empirical work that has been conducted on teams an... more Even with the tremendous amount of applied and empirical work that has been conducted on teams and their performance, there is at least one critical area that has not been adequately addressedteam task analysis. This is quite interesting given that there appears to be a ...
International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, Second Edition - 3 Volume Set, 2006
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001
In recent years, teams have emerged in organizations to perform tasks that are both complex and c... more In recent years, teams have emerged in organizations to perform tasks that are both complex and critical. This chapter examines what teams are and teamwork is, along with four team-training strategies: team coordination training, cross-training, team self-correction training, and team leadership training. A team can be defined as two or more individuals who interdependently and adaptively interact in order to achieve objectives that are specified, common, and valued. Teamwork can then be defined as the ability of individual team members to work together, communicate effectively, predict and anticipate each other's needs, and inspire confidence. Included is a discussion of team competencies, team training, and how to measure team performance.
The Blackwell handbook of …, 2000
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Implementation of simulation and scenario based training for teams and individuals requires gener... more Implementation of simulation and scenario based training for teams and individuals requires generation and delivery of highly complex instructional material. In this paper, preliminary results of a multi-year effort are presented with a focus on scenario development tools in support of advanced individual and team training. As a first step in this effort, a review of the state-of-the-art in simulation- and scenario-based training systems was conducted examining over 20 simulation-and scenario-based training systems. Consistently recurring limitations were evident across all systems in all aspects from preparation to debrief. These limitations, together with other research in automated data collection and diagnosis, have focused attention on the development of a “learner centered”, software-based training management system. The effort described herein supports the building of a system that allows relative novices to use historical performance data to create and modify scenarios based...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting
This paper discusses the hypotheses that shared mental models enhance teamwork skills, and that s... more This paper discusses the hypotheses that shared mental models enhance teamwork skills, and that superior teamwork skills increase the quality of team performance. Methodological problems encountered in the development and evaluation of shared mental models are discussed. These issues include selection of mental models that teammates should share, methods of measuring mental models, training mental models, and validation of the relationships between shared mental models, teamwork skills, and successful team performance.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
While human factors has become increasingly involved in many aspects of training systems design (... more While human factors has become increasingly involved in many aspects of training systems design (e.g., displays, functional allocation), other aspects such as software architectures and databases, have not received the same level of involvement. These aspects are important because they provide the infrastructure by which the training environment is generated. Unfortunately, few frameworks exist to support the design of training infrastructures from a human factors perspective. One framework with potential application is the Event-Based Approach to Training (EBAT). EBAT has been empirically tested, and operationally demonstrated in numerous training environments. EBAT can guide the design of system infrastructures by highlighting linkages between all phases of training (e.g., exercise design, measurement, feedback). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of: (a) learning premises important for training system design, (b) the EBAT framework, (c) EBAT-derived design guidel...
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Reviewers of the training literature have generally concluded that training theory and practice a... more Reviewers of the training literature have generally concluded that training theory and practice are not well integrated, and that research findings are not often translated into useful training methods. In an effort to bridge the gap between training theory and practice, an organizing framework for conceptualizing training research is presented. The purpose of the framework is to highlight the linkages between training-related theory and technique in the areas of training analysis, design, and evaluation. The linkages are described in detail, and illustrated via consideration of research into mental models. We hope that the framework will lead to future research programs that enhance the transition of training research from theory into practice, and integrate more fully these two perspectives
Situational awareness in complex systems, 1994
... Cannon-Bowers General support for the importance of shared mental models among team members h... more ... Cannon-Bowers General support for the importance of shared mental models among team members has been provided indirectly from the results of several studies (Cream, 1974; Dawes, McTavish, & Shaklee, 1977; Hammond, 1965; Hemphill & Rush, 1952; McIntyre, Morgan, ...
Team cognition: Understanding the factors that drive process and performance., 2004
Psychology Press, Dec 14, 2007
... continued) TEAM COMPETENCIES DEFINITION CITATIONS Performance Monitoring and Feedback Concept... more ... continued) TEAM COMPETENCIES DEFINITION CITATIONS Performance Monitoring and Feedback Conceptual understanding of ... is not new; indeed, considerable evidence from thecognitive and learning ... In fact, the term serious games refers to games that are developed for ...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2001
Despite the existence of an overabundance of research articles, reviews, and meta-analyses, there... more Despite the existence of an overabundance of research articles, reviews, and meta-analyses, there still appears to be disagreement regarding the feedback techniques that produce the most optimal learning conditions. The purpose of this research was to investigate two specific types of feedback, process and outcome, as well as the sequence in which these types of feedback should be presented as trainees learn to perform a simulated radar task. It was hypothesized that individuals receiving process feedback followed by outcome feedback would perform better on the simulated radar task than those receiving feedback in any other sequence. The results of this study indicate that individuals receiving feedback, regardless of the type and sequence, performed better at the end of training than those who did not receive feedback. No support was found for recommending a process-outcome feedback sequence.
International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, Second Edition - 3 Volume Set, 2006
PsycEXTRA Dataset
Medicine is practiced not only through encounters and other interactions between patients and pro... more Medicine is practiced not only through encounters and other interactions between patients and providers, but also through documentation of event-centered information via the patient record, and through patient-centered communications between clinicians and between clinicians and patients (and their families). Human factors has been heavily involved in the first two, contributing to design and evaluation of medical devices, identification and remediation of safety issues, and analysis and modifications to electronic health records and their interface. These same two areas have also received widespread research support and capital investment, while the third – clinical communications – has remained in the background for research, investment and human factors involvement. Yet clinical communication is vitally important. Health care providers communicate with patients directly in encounters, and when the communications fail, patients know it, are unhappy, and disparities in treatment, some systematic, arise (Brach & Fraserirector, 2004). In all but the simplest cases, providers also communicate with each other about the care of patients. These patient-centered communications (PCCs) occur through the hidden network of relationships linking providers with each other and with patients. These PCCs are largely ephemeral, occurring in encounter rooms and via phone calls, pagers, hallway chat, and increasingly, tasking within EHRs. Research has begun to indicate that this mesh of PCCs can have substantial effects on outcomes (Kahn and Angus, 2011). When these PCCs fail, negative outcomes occur, but we know little of what “good” PCCs look like, or how to encourage or train them. Virtually no PCC data is captured in EHRs or elsewhere. All this points to a fertile but undiscovered country for human factors. This panel brings together four leading researchers with different perspectives on this domain: how clinical communication has evolved with the practice of medicine and communication technology; what we know about and can learn from failures of clinical communications; how leading edge training technology can help clinicians acquire adaptive communication expertise; and how broader issues of teamwork and organization affect and are affected by communication needs.
PsycEXTRA Dataset
Even with the tremendous amount of applied and empirical work that has been conducted on teams an... more Even with the tremendous amount of applied and empirical work that has been conducted on teams and their performance, there is at least one critical area that has not been adequately addressedteam task analysis. This is quite interesting given that there appears to be a ...
International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors, Second Edition - 3 Volume Set, 2006
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001
In recent years, teams have emerged in organizations to perform tasks that are both complex and c... more In recent years, teams have emerged in organizations to perform tasks that are both complex and critical. This chapter examines what teams are and teamwork is, along with four team-training strategies: team coordination training, cross-training, team self-correction training, and team leadership training. A team can be defined as two or more individuals who interdependently and adaptively interact in order to achieve objectives that are specified, common, and valued. Teamwork can then be defined as the ability of individual team members to work together, communicate effectively, predict and anticipate each other's needs, and inspire confidence. Included is a discussion of team competencies, team training, and how to measure team performance.
The Blackwell handbook of …, 2000
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Implementation of simulation and scenario based training for teams and individuals requires gener... more Implementation of simulation and scenario based training for teams and individuals requires generation and delivery of highly complex instructional material. In this paper, preliminary results of a multi-year effort are presented with a focus on scenario development tools in support of advanced individual and team training. As a first step in this effort, a review of the state-of-the-art in simulation- and scenario-based training systems was conducted examining over 20 simulation-and scenario-based training systems. Consistently recurring limitations were evident across all systems in all aspects from preparation to debrief. These limitations, together with other research in automated data collection and diagnosis, have focused attention on the development of a “learner centered”, software-based training management system. The effort described herein supports the building of a system that allows relative novices to use historical performance data to create and modify scenarios based...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting
This paper discusses the hypotheses that shared mental models enhance teamwork skills, and that s... more This paper discusses the hypotheses that shared mental models enhance teamwork skills, and that superior teamwork skills increase the quality of team performance. Methodological problems encountered in the development and evaluation of shared mental models are discussed. These issues include selection of mental models that teammates should share, methods of measuring mental models, training mental models, and validation of the relationships between shared mental models, teamwork skills, and successful team performance.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
While human factors has become increasingly involved in many aspects of training systems design (... more While human factors has become increasingly involved in many aspects of training systems design (e.g., displays, functional allocation), other aspects such as software architectures and databases, have not received the same level of involvement. These aspects are important because they provide the infrastructure by which the training environment is generated. Unfortunately, few frameworks exist to support the design of training infrastructures from a human factors perspective. One framework with potential application is the Event-Based Approach to Training (EBAT). EBAT has been empirically tested, and operationally demonstrated in numerous training environments. EBAT can guide the design of system infrastructures by highlighting linkages between all phases of training (e.g., exercise design, measurement, feedback). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of: (a) learning premises important for training system design, (b) the EBAT framework, (c) EBAT-derived design guidel...
Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society
Reviewers of the training literature have generally concluded that training theory and practice a... more Reviewers of the training literature have generally concluded that training theory and practice are not well integrated, and that research findings are not often translated into useful training methods. In an effort to bridge the gap between training theory and practice, an organizing framework for conceptualizing training research is presented. The purpose of the framework is to highlight the linkages between training-related theory and technique in the areas of training analysis, design, and evaluation. The linkages are described in detail, and illustrated via consideration of research into mental models. We hope that the framework will lead to future research programs that enhance the transition of training research from theory into practice, and integrate more fully these two perspectives