José Chabás - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by José Chabás
Cronos Cuadernos Valencianos De Historia De La Medicina Y De La Ciencia, 2000
Notas de investigación Astronomía alfonsí en Morella a finales del siglo XIV José Chabás* En la s... more Notas de investigación Astronomía alfonsí en Morella a finales del siglo XIV José Chabás* En la segunda mitad del siglo XIII los astrónomos al servicio del rey de Castilla Alfonso X (1221-1284) elaboraron unas tablas astronómicas, con un texto explicativo de su manejo, que se ha conservado en un único manuscrito en castellano. Las tablas llegaron a París, donde fueron adaptadas en los años 20 y 30 del siglo siguiente por diversos astrónomos, entre los que destacan Juan de Ligneres, Juan de Murs y Juan de Sajonia. Los astrónomos parisinos escribieron nuevos cánones para las tablas alfonsíes, que se difundieron ampliamente por Europa y ocuparon todo el panorama astronómico europeo hasta casi el final del siglo XVI. A pesar de que, desde la época alfonsí hasta mediados del siglo xv, la astronomía siguió siendo activamente practicada en la península ibérica, no se tenía constancia de la utilización de las tablas alfonsíes en España hasta ca. 1460. Es la fecha de la llegada a Salamanca de Nicolás Polonio, autor de unas Tabulae Resolutae basadas en las alfonsíes. Allí ocupó la primera cátedra de astronomía/astrología de la Universidad, con lo cual la astronomía alfonsí, originalmente elaborada en Toledo, se afincaba en Salamanca procedente de Polonia (Chabás 1998; Porres y Chabás 1998). En este artículo se aportan pruebas de que la astronomía alfonsí elaborada en París había llegado ya a España, concretamente a la Corona de Aragón, poco antes del año 1400. El manuscrito 4238 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid está íntegramente dedicado a la astronomía. El material que contiene es de finales del siglo XIV y principios del siglo xv. El manuscrito consta básicamente de tres partes: la primera es un texto en latín (ff. 2r-22v) y las dos restantes son conjuntos de tablas titulados tabule illustris Alfoncii regis Castelle (ff. 23v-59v) y alie tabule (ff. 60r-68v).
Aestimatio: Critical Reviews in the History of Science, 2015
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism, 2022
ABSTRACT:In the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries the vast majority of European astronomers... more ABSTRACT:In the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries the vast majority of European astronomers accepted the algorithm for the motion of the eighth sphere (the sphere of the fixed stars) included in the Parisian Alfonsine Tables which has two terms, one for uniform motion with a period of 49,000 years, and the other for a cyclical motion with a period of 7,000 years. Augustinus Ricius (fl. 1513), however, adhered to the tradition of uniform motion of the eighth sphere (now called precession) and Ricius concluded that the rate of precession lies between 1° in 66 years and 1° in 70 years. For 1° in 66 years, he depended on Levi ben Gerson (d. 1344) and Abraham Zacut (d. 1514). For 1° in 70 years, he depended on other Hebrew sources: Moses Maimonides (d. 1204), Abraham Ibn Ezra (d. 1167), and a story in the Babylonian Talmud about R. Gamaliel and R. Joshua. It is most unusual in early sixteenth-century astronomical texts to find citations of works directly from the original Hebrew an...
SUMARIO Editorial Articulos originales Luis Garcia Ballester Sobre el origen de los tratados de b... more SUMARIO Editorial Articulos originales Luis Garcia Ballester Sobre el origen de los tratados de banos (de balneis) como genero literario en la medicina medieval. Beatriz Porres de Mateo y Jose Chabas Los canones de las Tabulae Resolutae para Salamanca: origen y transmision Guillermo Olague de Ros, Alfredo Menendez Navarro y Mikel Astrain Gallart Internacionalismo cientifico y Latinoamerica: la participacion de Chile en los proyectos europeos documentales contemporaneos (1895-1929) Cristina Sendra Mocholi La ensenanza de la botanica en la Valencia del ultimo tercio del siglo XVIII. El caso de Vicente Alfonso Lorente y Asensi (1758-1813) Notas de investigacion Ma Jose Baguena Cervellera La prevencion de la rabia y la sanidad municipal en Valencia (1894-1916) Revisiones Antonio Garcia Belmar La evolucion de la quimica en Europa (1789-1939) Resenas Autores Normas de publicacion Information for contributors
Suhayl. International Journal for the History of the Exact and Natural Sciences in Islamic Civilisation, 2014
Transmission in Medieval Europe of astronomical tables and their accompanying texts, originally w... more Transmission in Medieval Europe of astronomical tables and their accompanying texts, originally written in Arabic, has a complex history and it involves various mechanisms, which include translation, revision, adaptation, appropriation, copying, and commentaries. This paper reviews such features and presents examples of them.
Suhayl. International Journal for the History of the Exact and Natural Sciences in Islamic Civilisation, 2014
Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences, 2004
Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science, 2021
The Tabulae eclypsium by Giovanni Bianchini (d. after 1469) was part of a larger work, the Flores... more The Tabulae eclypsium by Giovanni Bianchini (d. after 1469) was part of a larger work, the Flores Almagesti, on mathematical astronomy. In his work on eclipses, which hitherto has not been studied in depth, Bianchini compiled new tables, strictly adhering to Ptolemy’s procedures, and explained their use by means of worked examples to facilitate the task of computers. Bianchini’s works were influential among his contemporaries, especially Peurbach and his student Regiomontanus, with whom Bianchini corresponded. For a variety of reasons, Regiomontanus’ works have eclipsed Bianchini’s. In this article, we present one of Bianchini’s major works, with the aim of restoring a more balanced perspective on 15th-century mathematical astronomy in Europe. Published Online (2021-08-31)Copyright © 2021 by José Chabás and Bernard R. Goldstein Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37699/28698 Corresponding Author: José Chabás, Universitat Pompeu FabraE-...
A Survey of European Astronomical Tables in the Late Middle Ages, 2012
This is a survey of the numerous astronomical tables compiled in the late Middle Ages, which repr... more This is a survey of the numerous astronomical tables compiled in the late Middle Ages, which represent a major intellectual enterprise. Such tables were often the best way available at the time for transmitting precise information to the reader.
Aestimatio: Critical Reviews in the History of Science, 2015
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 2019
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 2018
The Oxford Tables of 1348, also called Tabule anglicane, were computed for the meridian of Oxford... more The Oxford Tables of 1348, also called Tabule anglicane, were computed for the meridian of Oxford in the framework of Alfonsine astronomy. They had a remarkable success, for they are extant in a good number of Latin manuscripts, and they were adapted repeatedly. This paper focuses on these adaptations: the Tabule Parisiensis, with radices for the year 1368 complete and the meridian of Paris, extant in Hebrew and Latin manuscripts; the version made by Mordecai Finzi, with radices for 1443 complete and the meridian of Mantua, preserved in a unique Hebrew manuscript; and the partial adaptation by Henry Baers printed in Latin in Louvain in 1528.
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 2019
In this paper, we analyse and compare two sets of tables in the framework of Alfonsine astronomy ... more In this paper, we analyse and compare two sets of tables in the framework of Alfonsine astronomy composed by John of Lignères and his disciple, John of Saxony, respectively, both belonging to the first generation of scholars using the Alfonsine tables in Paris in the early fourteenth century. John of Lignères’s almanac is limited to the five planets, whereas the similar work by John of Saxony deals with the two luminaries as well. Moreover, there are other differences between these sets of tables concerning their principle of organization, precision, and accuracy.
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 1999
L'occultation de Venus par la Lune rapportee par Abraham Zacut le 24 Juillet 1476 represente ... more L'occultation de Venus par la Lune rapportee par Abraham Zacut le 24 Juillet 1476 represente un interet considerable a differents points de vue, mais dans la perspective de l'astronomie de la fin du Moyen-Age, le principal interet concerne la facon dont Zacut utilisa cet evenement pour soutenir ou remettre en question divers aspects des theories des mouvements des planetes.
Aleph, 2017
Isaac Israeli (early fourteenth century) is best known for Yesod ʿolam (Berlin, 1846–1848), a tre... more Isaac Israeli (early fourteenth century) is best known for Yesod ʿolam (Berlin, 1846–1848), a treatise on astronomy and chronology. Here our focus is on his astronomical tables, mainly those in his unpublished Šaʿar ha-šamayim, which have not been studied previously. We present an analysis of some of these tables, preserved in various manuscripts, and find that they are largely dependent on similar sets of tables available at the time in Spain. Of special interest is that in the headings of a few of his tables he introduces an unusual term for "table," ʿarugah, whereas in others we find the usual luaḥ. Moreover, he uses ḥalaqim or "parts" (that is, 1/1080 of an hour) in astronomical and geographical contexts having nothing to do with the treatment of the Hebrew calendar where they commonly occur. In Yesod ʿolam Isaac mentions Isaac ben Sid, an astronomer who worked under the patronage of Alfonso X of Castile (d. 1284) and one of the authors of the Castilian Alfonsine Tables (of which only the canons or instructions survive). Unfortunately, we have not found any trace of those tables in Isaac's tables. On the other hand, we have found evidence that, for the compilation of some of his tables, Isaac used the Toledan Tables (arranged for the Hijra calendar).
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 2017
In the 1320s, a group of astronomers in Paris recast the Alfonsine Tables composed in Toledo in a... more In the 1320s, a group of astronomers in Paris recast the Alfonsine Tables composed in Toledo in about 1272 under the patronage of Alfonso X, king of Castile and León. The tables compiled in Paris by a first generation of Alfonsine astronomers, including John Vimond, John of Murs, and John of Lignères, reached England, and were disseminated all over Europe, progressively becoming the main tool in computational astronomy. In this paper, we focus on an anonymous set that seems to be the earliest evidence of the Parisian Alfonsine Tables in England.
Cronos Cuadernos Valencianos De Historia De La Medicina Y De La Ciencia, 2000
Notas de investigación Astronomía alfonsí en Morella a finales del siglo XIV José Chabás* En la s... more Notas de investigación Astronomía alfonsí en Morella a finales del siglo XIV José Chabás* En la segunda mitad del siglo XIII los astrónomos al servicio del rey de Castilla Alfonso X (1221-1284) elaboraron unas tablas astronómicas, con un texto explicativo de su manejo, que se ha conservado en un único manuscrito en castellano. Las tablas llegaron a París, donde fueron adaptadas en los años 20 y 30 del siglo siguiente por diversos astrónomos, entre los que destacan Juan de Ligneres, Juan de Murs y Juan de Sajonia. Los astrónomos parisinos escribieron nuevos cánones para las tablas alfonsíes, que se difundieron ampliamente por Europa y ocuparon todo el panorama astronómico europeo hasta casi el final del siglo XVI. A pesar de que, desde la época alfonsí hasta mediados del siglo xv, la astronomía siguió siendo activamente practicada en la península ibérica, no se tenía constancia de la utilización de las tablas alfonsíes en España hasta ca. 1460. Es la fecha de la llegada a Salamanca de Nicolás Polonio, autor de unas Tabulae Resolutae basadas en las alfonsíes. Allí ocupó la primera cátedra de astronomía/astrología de la Universidad, con lo cual la astronomía alfonsí, originalmente elaborada en Toledo, se afincaba en Salamanca procedente de Polonia (Chabás 1998; Porres y Chabás 1998). En este artículo se aportan pruebas de que la astronomía alfonsí elaborada en París había llegado ya a España, concretamente a la Corona de Aragón, poco antes del año 1400. El manuscrito 4238 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid está íntegramente dedicado a la astronomía. El material que contiene es de finales del siglo XIV y principios del siglo xv. El manuscrito consta básicamente de tres partes: la primera es un texto en latín (ff. 2r-22v) y las dos restantes son conjuntos de tablas titulados tabule illustris Alfoncii regis Castelle (ff. 23v-59v) y alie tabule (ff. 60r-68v).
Aestimatio: Critical Reviews in the History of Science, 2015
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Aleph: Historical Studies in Science and Judaism, 2022
ABSTRACT:In the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries the vast majority of European astronomers... more ABSTRACT:In the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries the vast majority of European astronomers accepted the algorithm for the motion of the eighth sphere (the sphere of the fixed stars) included in the Parisian Alfonsine Tables which has two terms, one for uniform motion with a period of 49,000 years, and the other for a cyclical motion with a period of 7,000 years. Augustinus Ricius (fl. 1513), however, adhered to the tradition of uniform motion of the eighth sphere (now called precession) and Ricius concluded that the rate of precession lies between 1° in 66 years and 1° in 70 years. For 1° in 66 years, he depended on Levi ben Gerson (d. 1344) and Abraham Zacut (d. 1514). For 1° in 70 years, he depended on other Hebrew sources: Moses Maimonides (d. 1204), Abraham Ibn Ezra (d. 1167), and a story in the Babylonian Talmud about R. Gamaliel and R. Joshua. It is most unusual in early sixteenth-century astronomical texts to find citations of works directly from the original Hebrew an...
SUMARIO Editorial Articulos originales Luis Garcia Ballester Sobre el origen de los tratados de b... more SUMARIO Editorial Articulos originales Luis Garcia Ballester Sobre el origen de los tratados de banos (de balneis) como genero literario en la medicina medieval. Beatriz Porres de Mateo y Jose Chabas Los canones de las Tabulae Resolutae para Salamanca: origen y transmision Guillermo Olague de Ros, Alfredo Menendez Navarro y Mikel Astrain Gallart Internacionalismo cientifico y Latinoamerica: la participacion de Chile en los proyectos europeos documentales contemporaneos (1895-1929) Cristina Sendra Mocholi La ensenanza de la botanica en la Valencia del ultimo tercio del siglo XVIII. El caso de Vicente Alfonso Lorente y Asensi (1758-1813) Notas de investigacion Ma Jose Baguena Cervellera La prevencion de la rabia y la sanidad municipal en Valencia (1894-1916) Revisiones Antonio Garcia Belmar La evolucion de la quimica en Europa (1789-1939) Resenas Autores Normas de publicacion Information for contributors
Suhayl. International Journal for the History of the Exact and Natural Sciences in Islamic Civilisation, 2014
Transmission in Medieval Europe of astronomical tables and their accompanying texts, originally w... more Transmission in Medieval Europe of astronomical tables and their accompanying texts, originally written in Arabic, has a complex history and it involves various mechanisms, which include translation, revision, adaptation, appropriation, copying, and commentaries. This paper reviews such features and presents examples of them.
Suhayl. International Journal for the History of the Exact and Natural Sciences in Islamic Civilisation, 2014
Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences, 2004
Aestimatio: Sources and Studies in the History of Science, 2021
The Tabulae eclypsium by Giovanni Bianchini (d. after 1469) was part of a larger work, the Flores... more The Tabulae eclypsium by Giovanni Bianchini (d. after 1469) was part of a larger work, the Flores Almagesti, on mathematical astronomy. In his work on eclipses, which hitherto has not been studied in depth, Bianchini compiled new tables, strictly adhering to Ptolemy’s procedures, and explained their use by means of worked examples to facilitate the task of computers. Bianchini’s works were influential among his contemporaries, especially Peurbach and his student Regiomontanus, with whom Bianchini corresponded. For a variety of reasons, Regiomontanus’ works have eclipsed Bianchini’s. In this article, we present one of Bianchini’s major works, with the aim of restoring a more balanced perspective on 15th-century mathematical astronomy in Europe. Published Online (2021-08-31)Copyright © 2021 by José Chabás and Bernard R. Goldstein Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/aestimatio/article/view/37699/28698 Corresponding Author: José Chabás, Universitat Pompeu FabraE-...
A Survey of European Astronomical Tables in the Late Middle Ages, 2012
This is a survey of the numerous astronomical tables compiled in the late Middle Ages, which repr... more This is a survey of the numerous astronomical tables compiled in the late Middle Ages, which represent a major intellectual enterprise. Such tables were often the best way available at the time for transmitting precise information to the reader.
Aestimatio: Critical Reviews in the History of Science, 2015
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 2019
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 2018
The Oxford Tables of 1348, also called Tabule anglicane, were computed for the meridian of Oxford... more The Oxford Tables of 1348, also called Tabule anglicane, were computed for the meridian of Oxford in the framework of Alfonsine astronomy. They had a remarkable success, for they are extant in a good number of Latin manuscripts, and they were adapted repeatedly. This paper focuses on these adaptations: the Tabule Parisiensis, with radices for the year 1368 complete and the meridian of Paris, extant in Hebrew and Latin manuscripts; the version made by Mordecai Finzi, with radices for 1443 complete and the meridian of Mantua, preserved in a unique Hebrew manuscript; and the partial adaptation by Henry Baers printed in Latin in Louvain in 1528.
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 2019
In this paper, we analyse and compare two sets of tables in the framework of Alfonsine astronomy ... more In this paper, we analyse and compare two sets of tables in the framework of Alfonsine astronomy composed by John of Lignères and his disciple, John of Saxony, respectively, both belonging to the first generation of scholars using the Alfonsine tables in Paris in the early fourteenth century. John of Lignères’s almanac is limited to the five planets, whereas the similar work by John of Saxony deals with the two luminaries as well. Moreover, there are other differences between these sets of tables concerning their principle of organization, precision, and accuracy.
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 1999
L'occultation de Venus par la Lune rapportee par Abraham Zacut le 24 Juillet 1476 represente ... more L'occultation de Venus par la Lune rapportee par Abraham Zacut le 24 Juillet 1476 represente un interet considerable a differents points de vue, mais dans la perspective de l'astronomie de la fin du Moyen-Age, le principal interet concerne la facon dont Zacut utilisa cet evenement pour soutenir ou remettre en question divers aspects des theories des mouvements des planetes.
Aleph, 2017
Isaac Israeli (early fourteenth century) is best known for Yesod ʿolam (Berlin, 1846–1848), a tre... more Isaac Israeli (early fourteenth century) is best known for Yesod ʿolam (Berlin, 1846–1848), a treatise on astronomy and chronology. Here our focus is on his astronomical tables, mainly those in his unpublished Šaʿar ha-šamayim, which have not been studied previously. We present an analysis of some of these tables, preserved in various manuscripts, and find that they are largely dependent on similar sets of tables available at the time in Spain. Of special interest is that in the headings of a few of his tables he introduces an unusual term for "table," ʿarugah, whereas in others we find the usual luaḥ. Moreover, he uses ḥalaqim or "parts" (that is, 1/1080 of an hour) in astronomical and geographical contexts having nothing to do with the treatment of the Hebrew calendar where they commonly occur. In Yesod ʿolam Isaac mentions Isaac ben Sid, an astronomer who worked under the patronage of Alfonso X of Castile (d. 1284) and one of the authors of the Castilian Alfonsine Tables (of which only the canons or instructions survive). Unfortunately, we have not found any trace of those tables in Isaac's tables. On the other hand, we have found evidence that, for the compilation of some of his tables, Isaac used the Toledan Tables (arranged for the Hijra calendar).
Journal for the History of Astronomy, 2017
In the 1320s, a group of astronomers in Paris recast the Alfonsine Tables composed in Toledo in a... more In the 1320s, a group of astronomers in Paris recast the Alfonsine Tables composed in Toledo in about 1272 under the patronage of Alfonso X, king of Castile and León. The tables compiled in Paris by a first generation of Alfonsine astronomers, including John Vimond, John of Murs, and John of Lignères, reached England, and were disseminated all over Europe, progressively becoming the main tool in computational astronomy. In this paper, we focus on an anonymous set that seems to be the earliest evidence of the Parisian Alfonsine Tables in England.