J. Cozzolino - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by J. Cozzolino

Research paper thumbnail of RHIC IR quadrupoles and field quality state of the art in superconducting accelerator magnets

Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366), 1999

The interaction region (IR) quadrupoles [1] for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [2] ar... more The interaction region (IR) quadrupoles [1] for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [2] are the best field quality superconducting magnets ever built for any major accelerator. This field quality is primarily achieved with the help of eight tuning shims [3] that remove the residual errors from a magnet after it is built and tested. These shims overcome the limitations from the typical tolerances in parts and manufacturing. This paper describes the tuning shims and discusses the evolution of a flexible approach that allowed changes in the design parameters and facilitated using parts with significant dimensional variations while controlling cost and maintaining schedule and field quality. The RHIC magnet program also discovered that quench and thermal cycles cause small changes in magnet geometry. The ultimate field quality performance is now understood to be determined by these changes rather than the manufacturing tolerances or the measurement errors.

Research paper thumbnail of Field Quality Analysis as a Tool to Monitor Magnet Production

Field harmonics offer a powerful tool to examine the mechanical structure of accelerator magnets.... more Field harmonics offer a powerful tool to examine the mechanical structure of accelerator magnets. A large devia- tion from the nominal values suggests a mechanical defect. Mag- nets with such defects are likely to have a poor quench perform- ance. Similarly, a trend suggests a wear in tooling or a gradual change in the magnet assembly or in the size of a component. This paper presents the use of the field quality as a tool to moni- tor the magnet production of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Several examples are briefly described. Field quality analysis can also rule out a suspected geometric error if it can not be supported by the symmetry and the magnitude of the measured harmonics. I. INTRODUCTION Field harmonics are measured warm (at room temperature) in all superconducting accelerator magnets to determine if these are acceptable for RHIC (1). These warm harmonics are also a reflection of the magnet geometry and can be used to monitor the mechanical structure of the ...

Research paper thumbnail of The RHIC magnet system

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003

... G. Ganetis, M. Garber, A. Ghosh, C. Goodzeit, A. Greene, R. Gupta, M. Harrison, J. Herrera, A... more ... G. Ganetis, M. Garber, A. Ghosh, C. Goodzeit, A. Greene, R. Gupta, M. Harrison, J. Herrera, A. Jain, S. Kahn, E. Kelly, E. Killian, M. Lindner, W. Louie, A. Marone, G. Morgan, A. Morgillo, S. Mulhall, J. Muratore, S. Plate, A. Prodell, M. Rehak, E. Rohrer, W. Sampson, J. Schmalzle ...

Research paper thumbnail of The magnet system of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1996

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider now under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL... more The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider now under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a colliding ring accelerator to be completed in 1999. Through collisions of heavy ions it is hoped to observe the creation of matter at extremely high temperatures and densities, similar to what may have occurred in the original "Big Bang". The collider rings will consist of 1740 superconducting magnet elements. Some of these elements are being manufactured by industrial partners (Northrop Grumman and Everson Electric). Others are being constructed or assembled at BNL. A description is given of the magnet designs, the plan for manufacturing and test results. In the manufacturing of the magnets, emphasis has been placed on uniformity of their performance and on quality. Results so far indicate that this emphasis has been very successful.

Research paper thumbnail of Common coil magnet program at BNL

IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, 2001

The goal of the common coil magnet R&D program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is to deve... more The goal of the common coil magnet R&D program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is to develop a 12.5 T, 40 mm aperture dipole magnet using "React and Wind Technology" with High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) playing a major role. Due to its "conductor friendly" nature, the common coil design is attractive for building high field 2-in-1 dipoles with brittle materials such as HTS and Nb 3 Sn. At the current rate of development, it is expected that a sufficient amount of HTS with the required performance would be available in a few years for building a short magnet. In the interim, the first generation dipoles will be built with Nb 3 Sn superconductor. They will use a "React and Wind" technology similar to that used in HTS and will produce a 12.5 T central field in a 40 mm aperture. The Nb 3 Sn coils and support structure of this magnet will become a part of the next generation hybrid magnet with inner coils made of HTS. To develop various aspects of the technology in a scientific and experimental manner, a 10-turn coil program has been started in parallel. The program allows a number of concepts to be evaluated with a rapid throughput in a cost-effective way. Three 10-turn Nb 3 Sn coils have been built and one HTS coil is under construction. The initial test results of this "React & Wind" 10-turn coil program are presented. It is also shown that a common coil magnet design can produce a field quality that is as good as a conventional cosine theta design.

Research paper thumbnail of Magnet engineering and test results of the high field magnet R&D program at BNL

IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, 2003

The Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has been carrying out... more The Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has been carrying out design, engineering, and technology development of high performance magnets for future accelerators. High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) play a major role in the BNL vision of a few high performance interaction region (IR) magnets that would be placed in a machine about ten years from now. This paper presents the engineering design of a "react and wind" Nb 3 Sn magnet that will provide a 12 Tesla background field on HTS coils. In addition, the coil production tooling as well as the most recent 10-turn R&D coil test results will be discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Alternative Mechanical Structure for LARP Nb<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{3}$</tex></formula>Sn Quadrupoles

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2000

An alternative structure for the 120 mm Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet presently under development for u... more An alternative structure for the 120 mm Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet presently under development for use in the upgrade for LHC at CERN is presented. The goals of this structure are to build on the existing technology developed in LARP with the LQ and HQ series magnets and to further optimize the features required for operation in the accelerator. These features

Research paper thumbnail of Cryogenic Operation and Test Results for BNL Built LHC Insertion Magnets

The D1 and D2 magnets, the first two types of magnets Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is bui... more The D1 and D2 magnets, the first two types of magnets Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is building for the Insertion Regions of Large Hadron Collider (LHC), are being constructed and tested in the BNL magnet test facility. The D1 magnet is cooled using 4.5 K forced flow cooling with three types of bore tube conditions. The D2 magnet is cooled using both liquid helium and forced flow cooling. The liquid cooling scheme, using the shell of the D2 cold mass as the helium vessel and a level gauge in the end volume of the cold mass for liquid control, has been successfully demonstrated. Test results prove that both D1 and D2 meet the performance requirements and that the 4.5 K liquid cooling scheme to be used for D2 and other magnets in the Insertion Regions of LHC is adequate.

Research paper thumbnail of RHIC IR quadrupoles and field quality state of the art in superconducting accelerator magnets

Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366), 1999

The interaction region (IR) quadrupoles [1] for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [2] ar... more The interaction region (IR) quadrupoles [1] for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [2] are the best field quality superconducting magnets ever built for any major accelerator. This field quality is primarily achieved with the help of eight tuning shims [3] that remove the residual errors from a magnet after it is built and tested. These shims overcome the limitations from the typical tolerances in parts and manufacturing. This paper describes the tuning shims and discusses the evolution of a flexible approach that allowed changes in the design parameters and facilitated using parts with significant dimensional variations while controlling cost and maintaining schedule and field quality. The RHIC magnet program also discovered that quench and thermal cycles cause small changes in magnet geometry. The ultimate field quality performance is now understood to be determined by these changes rather than the manufacturing tolerances or the measurement errors.

Research paper thumbnail of Field Quality Analysis as a Tool to Monitor Magnet Production

Field harmonics offer a powerful tool to examine the mechanical structure of accelerator magnets.... more Field harmonics offer a powerful tool to examine the mechanical structure of accelerator magnets. A large devia- tion from the nominal values suggests a mechanical defect. Mag- nets with such defects are likely to have a poor quench perform- ance. Similarly, a trend suggests a wear in tooling or a gradual change in the magnet assembly or in the size of a component. This paper presents the use of the field quality as a tool to moni- tor the magnet production of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Several examples are briefly described. Field quality analysis can also rule out a suspected geometric error if it can not be supported by the symmetry and the magnitude of the measured harmonics. I. INTRODUCTION Field harmonics are measured warm (at room temperature) in all superconducting accelerator magnets to determine if these are acceptable for RHIC (1). These warm harmonics are also a reflection of the magnet geometry and can be used to monitor the mechanical structure of the ...

Research paper thumbnail of The RHIC magnet system

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003

... G. Ganetis, M. Garber, A. Ghosh, C. Goodzeit, A. Greene, R. Gupta, M. Harrison, J. Herrera, A... more ... G. Ganetis, M. Garber, A. Ghosh, C. Goodzeit, A. Greene, R. Gupta, M. Harrison, J. Herrera, A. Jain, S. Kahn, E. Kelly, E. Killian, M. Lindner, W. Louie, A. Marone, G. Morgan, A. Morgillo, S. Mulhall, J. Muratore, S. Plate, A. Prodell, M. Rehak, E. Rohrer, W. Sampson, J. Schmalzle ...

Research paper thumbnail of The magnet system of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1996

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider now under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL... more The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider now under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a colliding ring accelerator to be completed in 1999. Through collisions of heavy ions it is hoped to observe the creation of matter at extremely high temperatures and densities, similar to what may have occurred in the original "Big Bang". The collider rings will consist of 1740 superconducting magnet elements. Some of these elements are being manufactured by industrial partners (Northrop Grumman and Everson Electric). Others are being constructed or assembled at BNL. A description is given of the magnet designs, the plan for manufacturing and test results. In the manufacturing of the magnets, emphasis has been placed on uniformity of their performance and on quality. Results so far indicate that this emphasis has been very successful.

Research paper thumbnail of Common coil magnet program at BNL

IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, 2001

The goal of the common coil magnet R&D program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is to deve... more The goal of the common coil magnet R&D program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is to develop a 12.5 T, 40 mm aperture dipole magnet using "React and Wind Technology" with High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) playing a major role. Due to its "conductor friendly" nature, the common coil design is attractive for building high field 2-in-1 dipoles with brittle materials such as HTS and Nb 3 Sn. At the current rate of development, it is expected that a sufficient amount of HTS with the required performance would be available in a few years for building a short magnet. In the interim, the first generation dipoles will be built with Nb 3 Sn superconductor. They will use a "React and Wind" technology similar to that used in HTS and will produce a 12.5 T central field in a 40 mm aperture. The Nb 3 Sn coils and support structure of this magnet will become a part of the next generation hybrid magnet with inner coils made of HTS. To develop various aspects of the technology in a scientific and experimental manner, a 10-turn coil program has been started in parallel. The program allows a number of concepts to be evaluated with a rapid throughput in a cost-effective way. Three 10-turn Nb 3 Sn coils have been built and one HTS coil is under construction. The initial test results of this "React & Wind" 10-turn coil program are presented. It is also shown that a common coil magnet design can produce a field quality that is as good as a conventional cosine theta design.

Research paper thumbnail of Magnet engineering and test results of the high field magnet R&D program at BNL

IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity, 2003

The Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has been carrying out... more The Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has been carrying out design, engineering, and technology development of high performance magnets for future accelerators. High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) play a major role in the BNL vision of a few high performance interaction region (IR) magnets that would be placed in a machine about ten years from now. This paper presents the engineering design of a "react and wind" Nb 3 Sn magnet that will provide a 12 Tesla background field on HTS coils. In addition, the coil production tooling as well as the most recent 10-turn R&D coil test results will be discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Alternative Mechanical Structure for LARP Nb<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$_{3}$</tex></formula>Sn Quadrupoles

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2000

An alternative structure for the 120 mm Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet presently under development for u... more An alternative structure for the 120 mm Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet presently under development for use in the upgrade for LHC at CERN is presented. The goals of this structure are to build on the existing technology developed in LARP with the LQ and HQ series magnets and to further optimize the features required for operation in the accelerator. These features

Research paper thumbnail of Cryogenic Operation and Test Results for BNL Built LHC Insertion Magnets

The D1 and D2 magnets, the first two types of magnets Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is bui... more The D1 and D2 magnets, the first two types of magnets Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is building for the Insertion Regions of Large Hadron Collider (LHC), are being constructed and tested in the BNL magnet test facility. The D1 magnet is cooled using 4.5 K forced flow cooling with three types of bore tube conditions. The D2 magnet is cooled using both liquid helium and forced flow cooling. The liquid cooling scheme, using the shell of the D2 cold mass as the helium vessel and a level gauge in the end volume of the cold mass for liquid control, has been successfully demonstrated. Test results prove that both D1 and D2 meet the performance requirements and that the 4.5 K liquid cooling scheme to be used for D2 and other magnets in the Insertion Regions of LHC is adequate.