J. Hein - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by J. Hein
Open-File Report, 1988
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AAPG Bulletin, 1987
ABSTRACT
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The global distribution of nickel (Ni) isotope values in ferromanganese crusts has been investiga... more The global distribution of nickel (Ni) isotope values in ferromanganese crusts has been investigated by analysing 24 surface (zero-age) samples of crusts from various oceans by MC-ICPMS, using double-spike for mass bias correction. The isotopic compositions range between 0.9 and 2.5 (60Ni), with averages for the Atlantic samples permil ± error being slightly lighter than the ones at calculated from the Pacific samples (xy permil ± error), although the data show large overlapsre is considerable overlap in the Ni isotope compositions of waters from between all the measured oceans basins measured. To complement the crustal surface study also a depth profile through one crust from the Pacific ocean was also analysed. This isotope profile suggest that large variations in nickel isotope composition (1.62.3 ) has occurred within this crust throughout the last 70 Myrs, although the mean value is similar to the average isotopic composition for ferromanganese crust surfaces from the Pa...
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Marine Policy, 2016
Highlights • Geological characteristics of deep-sea minerals vary widely. • Deep-sea mineral occu... more Highlights • Geological characteristics of deep-sea minerals vary widely. • Deep-sea mineral occurrences differ in their resource potential. • Sizes of most favorable areas of formation influence exploration efforts. Abstract Marine minerals such as manganese nodules, Co-rich ferromanganese crusts, and seafloor massive sulfides are commonly seen as possible future resources that could potentially add to the global raw materials supply. At present, a proper assessment of these resources is not possible due to a severe lack of information regarding their size, distribution, and composition. It is clear, however, that manganese nodules and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts are a vast resource and mining them could have a profound impact on global metal markets, whereas the global resource potential of seafloor massive sulfides appears to be small. These deep-sea mineral commodities are formed by very different geological processes resulting in deposits with distinctly different characteristics. The geological boundary conditions also determine the size of any future mining operations and the area that will be affected by mining. Similarly, the sizes of the most favorable areas that need to be explored for a global resource assessment are also dependent on the geological environment. Size reaches 38 million km2 for manganese nodules, while those for Co-rich crusts (1.7 million km2) and massive sulfides (3.2 million km2) are much smaller. Moreover, different commodities are more abundant in some jurisdictions than in others. While only 19% of the favorable area for manganese nodules lies within the Exclusive Economic Zone of coastal states or is covered by proposals for the extension of the continental shelf, 42% of the favorable areas for massive sulfides and 54% for Co-rich crusts are located in EEZs.
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To test the feasibility of using lithium isotopes in marine ferromanganese deposits as an indicat... more To test the feasibility of using lithium isotopes in marine ferromanganese deposits as an indicator of paleoceanographic conditions and seawater composition, we analyzed samples from a variety of tectonic environments in the global ocean. Hydrogenetic, hydrothermal, mixed hydrogenetic–hydrothermal, and hydrogenetic–diagenetic samples were subjected to a two-step leaching and dissolution procedure to extract first the loosely bound Li and then the more tightly bound Li in the Mn oxide and Fe oxyhydroxide. Total leachable Li contents vary from <1 ppm in hydrogenetic crusts to 1422 ppm (up to 1188 ppm measured here) in hydrothermal deposits. Hydrated Li ions in seawater and hydrothermal fluids are preferentially sorbed on the negatively charged surface of MnO2 by coulombic force. Hence, the abundant Li in hydrothermal deposits is mainly associated with the dominant phase, MnO2. The surface of amorphous FeOOH holds a slightly positive charge and attracts little Li, as demonstrated by data for hydrothermal Fe oxyhydroxide. Loosely sorbed Li in both hydrogenetic crusts and hydrothermal deposits exhibit Li isotopic compositions that resemble that of modern seawater. We infer that the hydrothermally derived Li scavenged onto the surface of MnO2 freely exchanged with ambient seawater, thereby losing its original isotopic signature. Li in the tightly bound sites is always isotopically lighter than that in the loosely bound fraction, suggesting that the isotopic fractionation occurred during formation of chemical bonds in the oxide and oxyhydroxide structures. Sr isotopes also show evidence of re-equilibration with seawater after deposition. Because of their mobility, Li and Sr in the ferromanganese crusts do not faithfully record secular variations in the isotopic compositions of seawater. However, Li content can be a useful proxy for the hydrothermal history of ocean basins. Based on the Li concentrations of the globally distributed hydrogenetic and hydrothermal samples, we estimate a scavenging flux of Li that is insignificant compared to the hydrothermal flux and river input to the ocean.
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Marine ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are strongly enriched relative to the lithosphere in many ra... more Marine ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are strongly enriched relative to the lithosphere in many rare and strategic metals, including Te, Co, Mo, Bi, Pt, W, Zr, Nb, Y, and rare-earth elements (REE). Fe-Mn nodules are strongly enriched in Ni, Cu, Co, Mo, Zr, Li, and REY. Relative to Fe-Mn crusts, nodules are more enriched in Ni, Cu, and Li, with subequal amounts of Mo. The metals are sorbed from seawater onto the Fe and Mn phases, and also from sediment pore waters for nodules. An electrochemical model describes a first-order process for acquisition of metals from seawater, with positively charged ions sorbed onto the negative charged surface of MnO2 and negatively charged and neutral ions in seawater sorbed on the slightly positive charged FeO(OH) surface. Second-order processes include surface oxidation (e.g., Co, Pt, Te, Ce, Tl), substitution, and precipitation of discrete phases. The metals most enriched in these marine deposits are essential for a wide variety of high- and green-t...
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The dissolved Nd and Pb isotope composition of Atlantic and Southern Ocean deep water masses have... more The dissolved Nd and Pb isotope composition of Atlantic and Southern Ocean deep water masses have been studied using the records preserved in ferromanganese crusts and nodules. The growth rates of these crusts were determined using 10Be/9Be profiles (10Be half life = 1.5 Myr) measured by AMS for 10Be and ICP-MS for 9Be concentrations. The rates vary between 0.7 and
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Lead has a residence time in the oceans that is much shorter than the global mixing time. Therefo... more Lead has a residence time in the oceans that is much shorter than the global mixing time. Therefore, the limited Pb isotope variability in Pacific deep water has been interpreted to reflect either a uniform supply and provenance of Pb over the last 20 Myrs or a very efficient thermocline mixing (von Blanckenburg & Igel, 1999). However, the history of
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A manganese carbonate ore sample from Eplény, Transdanubian Central Range, Hungary, consists of M... more A manganese carbonate ore sample from Eplény, Transdanubian Central Range, Hungary, consists of Mn calcite and Ca rhodochrosite, with moderate quartz. The Mn and Fe contents of the ore are 7.51% and 0.86%, respectively, giving an Mn/Fe ratio of 8.73. The δ13CPDB of that sample is -2.20‰, which indicates that the carbon was derived from seawater or from the dissolution of carbonate precipitated from seawater. The δ18OPDB is -0.25‰, indicating a low-temperature origin. The Eplény ore differs from the Úrkút Mn-carbonate ore in mineral, chemical, and C isotopic contents. While Úrkút Mn-carbonate mineralization occurred as the result of bacterial oxidation of organic matter coupled with Mn-oxide reduction in the early diagenetic zone of sulfate reduction, the Eplény ore was likely synsedimentary or very early diagenetic precipitation from seawater, perhaps mediated of microbial activity.
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Science, 1978
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Paleoceanography, 2002
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Paleoceanography, 1992
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Mineralogical Magazine, 1998
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Marine Geology, 2001
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Marine Geology, 2000
... We analyzed photomicroscopic growth structures, microprobe chemistry, and estimated ages usin... more ... We analyzed photomicroscopic growth structures, microprobe chemistry, and estimated ages using Co content of seven crusts collected from seamounts in the northwest ... Another slab of crusts was used for mineral identification based on X-ray powder diffraction patterns. ...
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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1995
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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2004
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Open-File Report, 1988
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AAPG Bulletin, 1987
ABSTRACT
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The global distribution of nickel (Ni) isotope values in ferromanganese crusts has been investiga... more The global distribution of nickel (Ni) isotope values in ferromanganese crusts has been investigated by analysing 24 surface (zero-age) samples of crusts from various oceans by MC-ICPMS, using double-spike for mass bias correction. The isotopic compositions range between 0.9 and 2.5 (60Ni), with averages for the Atlantic samples permil ± error being slightly lighter than the ones at calculated from the Pacific samples (xy permil ± error), although the data show large overlapsre is considerable overlap in the Ni isotope compositions of waters from between all the measured oceans basins measured. To complement the crustal surface study also a depth profile through one crust from the Pacific ocean was also analysed. This isotope profile suggest that large variations in nickel isotope composition (1.62.3 ) has occurred within this crust throughout the last 70 Myrs, although the mean value is similar to the average isotopic composition for ferromanganese crust surfaces from the Pa...
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Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Marine Policy, 2016
Highlights • Geological characteristics of deep-sea minerals vary widely. • Deep-sea mineral occu... more Highlights • Geological characteristics of deep-sea minerals vary widely. • Deep-sea mineral occurrences differ in their resource potential. • Sizes of most favorable areas of formation influence exploration efforts. Abstract Marine minerals such as manganese nodules, Co-rich ferromanganese crusts, and seafloor massive sulfides are commonly seen as possible future resources that could potentially add to the global raw materials supply. At present, a proper assessment of these resources is not possible due to a severe lack of information regarding their size, distribution, and composition. It is clear, however, that manganese nodules and Co-rich ferromanganese crusts are a vast resource and mining them could have a profound impact on global metal markets, whereas the global resource potential of seafloor massive sulfides appears to be small. These deep-sea mineral commodities are formed by very different geological processes resulting in deposits with distinctly different characteristics. The geological boundary conditions also determine the size of any future mining operations and the area that will be affected by mining. Similarly, the sizes of the most favorable areas that need to be explored for a global resource assessment are also dependent on the geological environment. Size reaches 38 million km2 for manganese nodules, while those for Co-rich crusts (1.7 million km2) and massive sulfides (3.2 million km2) are much smaller. Moreover, different commodities are more abundant in some jurisdictions than in others. While only 19% of the favorable area for manganese nodules lies within the Exclusive Economic Zone of coastal states or is covered by proposals for the extension of the continental shelf, 42% of the favorable areas for massive sulfides and 54% for Co-rich crusts are located in EEZs.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
To test the feasibility of using lithium isotopes in marine ferromanganese deposits as an indicat... more To test the feasibility of using lithium isotopes in marine ferromanganese deposits as an indicator of paleoceanographic conditions and seawater composition, we analyzed samples from a variety of tectonic environments in the global ocean. Hydrogenetic, hydrothermal, mixed hydrogenetic–hydrothermal, and hydrogenetic–diagenetic samples were subjected to a two-step leaching and dissolution procedure to extract first the loosely bound Li and then the more tightly bound Li in the Mn oxide and Fe oxyhydroxide. Total leachable Li contents vary from <1 ppm in hydrogenetic crusts to 1422 ppm (up to 1188 ppm measured here) in hydrothermal deposits. Hydrated Li ions in seawater and hydrothermal fluids are preferentially sorbed on the negatively charged surface of MnO2 by coulombic force. Hence, the abundant Li in hydrothermal deposits is mainly associated with the dominant phase, MnO2. The surface of amorphous FeOOH holds a slightly positive charge and attracts little Li, as demonstrated by data for hydrothermal Fe oxyhydroxide. Loosely sorbed Li in both hydrogenetic crusts and hydrothermal deposits exhibit Li isotopic compositions that resemble that of modern seawater. We infer that the hydrothermally derived Li scavenged onto the surface of MnO2 freely exchanged with ambient seawater, thereby losing its original isotopic signature. Li in the tightly bound sites is always isotopically lighter than that in the loosely bound fraction, suggesting that the isotopic fractionation occurred during formation of chemical bonds in the oxide and oxyhydroxide structures. Sr isotopes also show evidence of re-equilibration with seawater after deposition. Because of their mobility, Li and Sr in the ferromanganese crusts do not faithfully record secular variations in the isotopic compositions of seawater. However, Li content can be a useful proxy for the hydrothermal history of ocean basins. Based on the Li concentrations of the globally distributed hydrogenetic and hydrothermal samples, we estimate a scavenging flux of Li that is insignificant compared to the hydrothermal flux and river input to the ocean.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Marine ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are strongly enriched relative to the lithosphere in many ra... more Marine ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are strongly enriched relative to the lithosphere in many rare and strategic metals, including Te, Co, Mo, Bi, Pt, W, Zr, Nb, Y, and rare-earth elements (REE). Fe-Mn nodules are strongly enriched in Ni, Cu, Co, Mo, Zr, Li, and REY. Relative to Fe-Mn crusts, nodules are more enriched in Ni, Cu, and Li, with subequal amounts of Mo. The metals are sorbed from seawater onto the Fe and Mn phases, and also from sediment pore waters for nodules. An electrochemical model describes a first-order process for acquisition of metals from seawater, with positively charged ions sorbed onto the negative charged surface of MnO2 and negatively charged and neutral ions in seawater sorbed on the slightly positive charged FeO(OH) surface. Second-order processes include surface oxidation (e.g., Co, Pt, Te, Ce, Tl), substitution, and precipitation of discrete phases. The metals most enriched in these marine deposits are essential for a wide variety of high- and green-t...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The dissolved Nd and Pb isotope composition of Atlantic and Southern Ocean deep water masses have... more The dissolved Nd and Pb isotope composition of Atlantic and Southern Ocean deep water masses have been studied using the records preserved in ferromanganese crusts and nodules. The growth rates of these crusts were determined using 10Be/9Be profiles (10Be half life = 1.5 Myr) measured by AMS for 10Be and ICP-MS for 9Be concentrations. The rates vary between 0.7 and
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Lead has a residence time in the oceans that is much shorter than the global mixing time. Therefo... more Lead has a residence time in the oceans that is much shorter than the global mixing time. Therefore, the limited Pb isotope variability in Pacific deep water has been interpreted to reflect either a uniform supply and provenance of Pb over the last 20 Myrs or a very efficient thermocline mixing (von Blanckenburg & Igel, 1999). However, the history of
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
A manganese carbonate ore sample from Eplény, Transdanubian Central Range, Hungary, consists of M... more A manganese carbonate ore sample from Eplény, Transdanubian Central Range, Hungary, consists of Mn calcite and Ca rhodochrosite, with moderate quartz. The Mn and Fe contents of the ore are 7.51% and 0.86%, respectively, giving an Mn/Fe ratio of 8.73. The δ13CPDB of that sample is -2.20‰, which indicates that the carbon was derived from seawater or from the dissolution of carbonate precipitated from seawater. The δ18OPDB is -0.25‰, indicating a low-temperature origin. The Eplény ore differs from the Úrkút Mn-carbonate ore in mineral, chemical, and C isotopic contents. While Úrkút Mn-carbonate mineralization occurred as the result of bacterial oxidation of organic matter coupled with Mn-oxide reduction in the early diagenetic zone of sulfate reduction, the Eplény ore was likely synsedimentary or very early diagenetic precipitation from seawater, perhaps mediated of microbial activity.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Science, 1978
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Paleoceanography, 2002
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Paleoceanography, 1992
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Mineralogical Magazine, 1998
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Marine Geology, 2001
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Marine Geology, 2000
... We analyzed photomicroscopic growth structures, microprobe chemistry, and estimated ages usin... more ... We analyzed photomicroscopic growth structures, microprobe chemistry, and estimated ages using Co content of seven crusts collected from seamounts in the northwest ... Another slab of crusts was used for mineral identification based on X-ray powder diffraction patterns. ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1995
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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2004
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