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Papers by Jaya Krishnakumar

Research paper thumbnail of Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2017

Background: Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are in the limelight replacing communicab... more Background: Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are in the limelight replacing communicable diseases, which were the leading cause of death in most countries. Non communicable disease is the leading cause of death globally. Non communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 million people each year. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rate of NCD risk factors among adult population and to determine the association between behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the rural field practice area attached to a Medical college in Kancheepuram district. The study group were 370 adults (20-60 years). The data was collected using a structured questionnaire with the help of WHO steps approach containing socio-demographic particulars, details regarding NCD risk factors and physical measurements. Data was analysed using SPSS 15 software. Prevalence of NCD risk factors was calculated using percentages and strength of associa...

Research paper thumbnail of Socio-economic conditions for satisfying human needs at low energy use: An international analysis of social provisioning

Global Environmental Change, 2021

Meeting human needs at sustainable levels of energy use is fundamental for avoiding catastrophic ... more Meeting human needs at sustainable levels of energy use is fundamental for avoiding catastrophic climate change and securing the well-being of all people. In the current political-economic regime, no country does so. Here, we assess which socioeconomic conditions might enable societies to satisfy human needs at low energy use, to reconcile human well-being with climate mitigation. Using a novel analytical framework alongside a novel multivariate regression-based moderation approach and data for 106 countries, we analyse how the relationship between energy use and six dimensions of human need satisfaction varies with a wide range of socioeconomic factors relevant to the provisioning of goods and services ('provisioning factors'). We find that factors such as public service quality, income equality, democracy, and electricity access are associated with higher need satisfaction and lower energy requirements ('beneficial provisioning factors'). Conversely, extractivism and economic growth beyond moderate levels of affluence are associated with lower need satisfaction and greater energy requirements ('detrimental provisioning factors'). Our results suggest that improving beneficial provisioning factors and abandoning detrimental ones could enable countries to provide sufficient need satisfaction at much lower, ecologically sustainable levels of energy use. However, as key pillars of the required changes in provisioning run contrary to the dominant politicaleconomic regime, a broader transformation of the economic system may be required to prioritise, and organise provisioning for, the satisfaction of human needs at low energy use.

Research paper thumbnail of Panel data econometrics: future directions: papers in honour of professor Pietro Balestra

The main focus of this book is on various theoretical and practical issues in the field of panel ... more The main focus of this book is on various theoretical and practical issues in the field of panel data econometrics. This is an important and active field of research with significant relevance for empirical studies in a variety of subjects including economics, finance, social sciences, health etc. This book presents contributions by several leading experts who provide their views on a wide range of topics, both theoretical and applied, that can serve as a basis for future research on the methodology and applications of panel data modelling. Areas of application of panel data modelling have only been increasing over the past years and there is no doubt that the range is going to expand further. The applied papers of this book have been regrouped as one major part and further subdivided into different fields, thus showing their variety and opening up the horizon for researchers in these and other fields. The reader will notice that they all have a substantial methodological content which is indispensable for their analysis of the economic, social or other phenomena under consideration. This first part includes such diversified areas of study as macroeconomics, social economics, insurance/finance and energy economics. As a second part, there are papers that deal more with theoretical issues such as specification problems, unit root tests and aggregation of individual series, heteroscedasticity tests for panel data models and non-parametric techniques. The final part contains papers that are directly related to and elaborate on Balestra's work.

Research paper thumbnail of Paradoxical effects of altruism on efforts to mitigate climate change

Scientific Reports

It is common wisdom that altruism is a crucial element in addressing climate change and other pub... more It is common wisdom that altruism is a crucial element in addressing climate change and other public good issues. If individuals care about the welfare of others (including future generations) they can be expected to unilaterally adapt their behaviour to preserve the common good thus enhancing the wellbeing of all. We introduce a network game model featuring both altruism and a public good (e.g. climate) whose degradation affects all players. As expected, in an idealistic fully connected society where all players care about each other, increasing altruism results in a better protection of the public good. However, in more realistic networks where people are not all related to each other, we highlight an intrinsic trade-off between the effects of altruism on reducing inequality and the preservation of a global public good: the consumption redistribution generated by a higher altruism is partly achieved by lowering income transfers towards protection of the public good. Therefore, it ...

Research paper thumbnail of Sen/New Directions in Welfare-special issue

The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics... more The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics by developing and analyzing data on the freedoms of adults in Argentina. Specifically, it reports on the development of a survey instrument for measuring ...

Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary Please Do Not Quote

Paul Anand (Department of Economics, Open University), Jaya Krishnakumar1 (Department of Economet... more Paul Anand (Department of Economics, Open University), Jaya Krishnakumar1 (Department of Econometrics, University of Geneva), Ngoc Bich Tran (Department of Econometrics, University of Geneva) and Graciela Tonon (Universidad Nacional de La Matanza and Universidad ...

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring welfare: Latent variable models for happiness and capabilities in the presence of unobservable heterogeneity

Journal of Public Economics, 2011

The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics... more The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics by developing and analyzing data on the freedoms of adults in Argentina. Specifically, it reports on the development and delivery of a survey instrument for measuring capabilities, calculates for each respondent a Nehring-Puppe type index of capabilities and examines the distribution of index scores. The main analytic part of the paper then goes on to develop a generalized linear latent and mixed model (GLLAMM) for assessing the impact of capabilities on life satisfaction, in which allowance is made for (i) unobserved heterogeneity and (ii) possible endogeneity, by introducing latent individual effects and by instrumenting capability variables using income and other socioeconomic variables. Our empirical results show that empathy, self-worth, goalautonomy, discrimination, safety and stress are statistically significant determinants of life satisfaction, in a decreasing order of importance. The paper concludes by suggesting that, if replicated, the findings have profound implications for the conceptualisation and evaluation of economic progress.

Research paper thumbnail of Trade-Offs in a Multidimensional Human Development Index

Social Indicators Research

Research paper thumbnail of Addressing Different Needs: The Challenges Faced by India as the Largest Vaccine Manufacturer While Conducting the World’s Biggest COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign

Epidemiologia

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted some of the challenges that countries face when balancing d... more The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted some of the challenges that countries face when balancing domestic and global necessities, for example with regard to vaccine needs, production and distribution. As India hosts one of the world’s largest vaccine manufacturing industries and has one of the most extensive vaccination strategies, the country is particularly exposed to these challenges. This has become all the more obvious as the country experienced a second pandemic wave in the first half of 2021, which has led to a total ban on exports of COVID-19 vaccines. An analysis of the national vaccination strategy and the domestic vaccine industry through review of peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, and news reports showed the fragile balance between domestic and international needs. A numerical comparison of India’s domestic COVID-19 vaccine needs, export agreements, and production capacities was conducted. It was found that at current production rates as of April 2021, meeting al...

Research paper thumbnail of Capability deprivation of people with Alzheimer's disease: An empirical analysis using a national survey

Social Science & Medicine, 2016

How can one assess the quality of life of older people - particularly those with Alzheimer&am... more How can one assess the quality of life of older people - particularly those with Alzheimer's disease - from the point of view of their opportunities to do valued things in life? This paper is an attempt to answer this question using as a theoretical framework the capability approach. We use data collected on 8841 individuals above 60 living in France (the 2008 Disability and Health Household Survey) and propose a latent variable modelling framework to analyse their capabilities in two fundamental dimensions: freedom to perform self-care activities and freedom to participate in the life of the household. Our results show that living as a couple, having children, being mobile and having access to local shops, health facilities and public services enhance both capabilities. Age, household size and male gender (for one of the two capabilities) act as impediments while the number of impairments reduces both capabilities. We find that people with Alzheimer's disease have a lower level and a smaller range of capabilities (freedom) when compared to those without, even when the latter have several impairments. Hence they need a special attention in policy-making.

Research paper thumbnail of Econometric and Statistical Models for Operationalizing the Capability Approach

The Cambridge Handbook of the Capability Approach

Research paper thumbnail of Public Policies and Equality of Opportunity for Wellbeing in Multiple Dimensions: A Theoretical Discussion and Evidence from Bolivia

Social Indicators Research

Roemer’s equality of opportunity (EOp) theory is increasingly used as the framework for assessing... more Roemer’s equality of opportunity (EOp) theory is increasingly used as the framework for assessing the link between public policies and social justice. Most studies focus on a single (monetary) wellbeing indicator and take individual efforts as being randomly distributed. However, recent development theories have uniformly advocated the use of a multidimensional wellbeing measure and the importance of individual responsibility. We propose a theoretical framework and a modelling tool to include these aspects in an assessment of the connection between public policies and inequality of opportunity for wellbeing within a Romerian setting. Using Bolivian data, we demonstrate the empirical usefulness of our framework and find that Bolivian social programmes are strongly associated with the reduction of unfair inequalities arising from ethnicity and family background, although their levels are far away from being optimal. We highlight the role of effort in this connection and show that it i...

Research paper thumbnail of CapMod: A Simulated Society to Evaluate Empirical Estimators of Capabilities

Research paper thumbnail of Public policies for wellbeing with justice: A theoretical discussion based on capabilities and opportunities

International Journal of Wellbeing

Research paper thumbnail of Well-being of female-headed Indian households: A multidimensional analysis using nonparametric stochastic dominance Presenters

Research paper thumbnail of Who should finance WHO's work on emergencies?

Research paper thumbnail of A Smooth Transition SEM Approach to Measure Contagion in International Markets

Research paper thumbnail of Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Cointegrated Systems with Higher Order Integrated Variables and Asymptotic Equivalence with Generalised Least Squares

Research paper thumbnail of Further theoretical results on the regression-based approach to inequality decomposition and application to India

Research paper thumbnail of Bias of the Feasible Estimators of Reduced Form and Structural Variance Components and Coefficients

Research paper thumbnail of Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu

International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 2017

Background: Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are in the limelight replacing communicab... more Background: Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are in the limelight replacing communicable diseases, which were the leading cause of death in most countries. Non communicable disease is the leading cause of death globally. Non communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 million people each year. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rate of NCD risk factors among adult population and to determine the association between behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the rural field practice area attached to a Medical college in Kancheepuram district. The study group were 370 adults (20-60 years). The data was collected using a structured questionnaire with the help of WHO steps approach containing socio-demographic particulars, details regarding NCD risk factors and physical measurements. Data was analysed using SPSS 15 software. Prevalence of NCD risk factors was calculated using percentages and strength of associa...

Research paper thumbnail of Socio-economic conditions for satisfying human needs at low energy use: An international analysis of social provisioning

Global Environmental Change, 2021

Meeting human needs at sustainable levels of energy use is fundamental for avoiding catastrophic ... more Meeting human needs at sustainable levels of energy use is fundamental for avoiding catastrophic climate change and securing the well-being of all people. In the current political-economic regime, no country does so. Here, we assess which socioeconomic conditions might enable societies to satisfy human needs at low energy use, to reconcile human well-being with climate mitigation. Using a novel analytical framework alongside a novel multivariate regression-based moderation approach and data for 106 countries, we analyse how the relationship between energy use and six dimensions of human need satisfaction varies with a wide range of socioeconomic factors relevant to the provisioning of goods and services ('provisioning factors'). We find that factors such as public service quality, income equality, democracy, and electricity access are associated with higher need satisfaction and lower energy requirements ('beneficial provisioning factors'). Conversely, extractivism and economic growth beyond moderate levels of affluence are associated with lower need satisfaction and greater energy requirements ('detrimental provisioning factors'). Our results suggest that improving beneficial provisioning factors and abandoning detrimental ones could enable countries to provide sufficient need satisfaction at much lower, ecologically sustainable levels of energy use. However, as key pillars of the required changes in provisioning run contrary to the dominant politicaleconomic regime, a broader transformation of the economic system may be required to prioritise, and organise provisioning for, the satisfaction of human needs at low energy use.

Research paper thumbnail of Panel data econometrics: future directions: papers in honour of professor Pietro Balestra

The main focus of this book is on various theoretical and practical issues in the field of panel ... more The main focus of this book is on various theoretical and practical issues in the field of panel data econometrics. This is an important and active field of research with significant relevance for empirical studies in a variety of subjects including economics, finance, social sciences, health etc. This book presents contributions by several leading experts who provide their views on a wide range of topics, both theoretical and applied, that can serve as a basis for future research on the methodology and applications of panel data modelling. Areas of application of panel data modelling have only been increasing over the past years and there is no doubt that the range is going to expand further. The applied papers of this book have been regrouped as one major part and further subdivided into different fields, thus showing their variety and opening up the horizon for researchers in these and other fields. The reader will notice that they all have a substantial methodological content which is indispensable for their analysis of the economic, social or other phenomena under consideration. This first part includes such diversified areas of study as macroeconomics, social economics, insurance/finance and energy economics. As a second part, there are papers that deal more with theoretical issues such as specification problems, unit root tests and aggregation of individual series, heteroscedasticity tests for panel data models and non-parametric techniques. The final part contains papers that are directly related to and elaborate on Balestra's work.

Research paper thumbnail of Paradoxical effects of altruism on efforts to mitigate climate change

Scientific Reports

It is common wisdom that altruism is a crucial element in addressing climate change and other pub... more It is common wisdom that altruism is a crucial element in addressing climate change and other public good issues. If individuals care about the welfare of others (including future generations) they can be expected to unilaterally adapt their behaviour to preserve the common good thus enhancing the wellbeing of all. We introduce a network game model featuring both altruism and a public good (e.g. climate) whose degradation affects all players. As expected, in an idealistic fully connected society where all players care about each other, increasing altruism results in a better protection of the public good. However, in more realistic networks where people are not all related to each other, we highlight an intrinsic trade-off between the effects of altruism on reducing inequality and the preservation of a global public good: the consumption redistribution generated by a higher altruism is partly achieved by lowering income transfers towards protection of the public good. Therefore, it ...

Research paper thumbnail of Sen/New Directions in Welfare-special issue

The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics... more The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics by developing and analyzing data on the freedoms of adults in Argentina. Specifically, it reports on the development of a survey instrument for measuring ...

Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary Please Do Not Quote

Paul Anand (Department of Economics, Open University), Jaya Krishnakumar1 (Department of Economet... more Paul Anand (Department of Economics, Open University), Jaya Krishnakumar1 (Department of Econometrics, University of Geneva), Ngoc Bich Tran (Department of Econometrics, University of Geneva) and Graciela Tonon (Universidad Nacional de La Matanza and Universidad ...

Research paper thumbnail of Measuring welfare: Latent variable models for happiness and capabilities in the presence of unobservable heterogeneity

Journal of Public Economics, 2011

The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics... more The paper contributes to the operationalisation of the capabilities approach to welfare economics by developing and analyzing data on the freedoms of adults in Argentina. Specifically, it reports on the development and delivery of a survey instrument for measuring capabilities, calculates for each respondent a Nehring-Puppe type index of capabilities and examines the distribution of index scores. The main analytic part of the paper then goes on to develop a generalized linear latent and mixed model (GLLAMM) for assessing the impact of capabilities on life satisfaction, in which allowance is made for (i) unobserved heterogeneity and (ii) possible endogeneity, by introducing latent individual effects and by instrumenting capability variables using income and other socioeconomic variables. Our empirical results show that empathy, self-worth, goalautonomy, discrimination, safety and stress are statistically significant determinants of life satisfaction, in a decreasing order of importance. The paper concludes by suggesting that, if replicated, the findings have profound implications for the conceptualisation and evaluation of economic progress.

Research paper thumbnail of Trade-Offs in a Multidimensional Human Development Index

Social Indicators Research

Research paper thumbnail of Addressing Different Needs: The Challenges Faced by India as the Largest Vaccine Manufacturer While Conducting the World’s Biggest COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign

Epidemiologia

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted some of the challenges that countries face when balancing d... more The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted some of the challenges that countries face when balancing domestic and global necessities, for example with regard to vaccine needs, production and distribution. As India hosts one of the world’s largest vaccine manufacturing industries and has one of the most extensive vaccination strategies, the country is particularly exposed to these challenges. This has become all the more obvious as the country experienced a second pandemic wave in the first half of 2021, which has led to a total ban on exports of COVID-19 vaccines. An analysis of the national vaccination strategy and the domestic vaccine industry through review of peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, and news reports showed the fragile balance between domestic and international needs. A numerical comparison of India’s domestic COVID-19 vaccine needs, export agreements, and production capacities was conducted. It was found that at current production rates as of April 2021, meeting al...

Research paper thumbnail of Capability deprivation of people with Alzheimer's disease: An empirical analysis using a national survey

Social Science & Medicine, 2016

How can one assess the quality of life of older people - particularly those with Alzheimer&am... more How can one assess the quality of life of older people - particularly those with Alzheimer's disease - from the point of view of their opportunities to do valued things in life? This paper is an attempt to answer this question using as a theoretical framework the capability approach. We use data collected on 8841 individuals above 60 living in France (the 2008 Disability and Health Household Survey) and propose a latent variable modelling framework to analyse their capabilities in two fundamental dimensions: freedom to perform self-care activities and freedom to participate in the life of the household. Our results show that living as a couple, having children, being mobile and having access to local shops, health facilities and public services enhance both capabilities. Age, household size and male gender (for one of the two capabilities) act as impediments while the number of impairments reduces both capabilities. We find that people with Alzheimer's disease have a lower level and a smaller range of capabilities (freedom) when compared to those without, even when the latter have several impairments. Hence they need a special attention in policy-making.

Research paper thumbnail of Econometric and Statistical Models for Operationalizing the Capability Approach

The Cambridge Handbook of the Capability Approach

Research paper thumbnail of Public Policies and Equality of Opportunity for Wellbeing in Multiple Dimensions: A Theoretical Discussion and Evidence from Bolivia

Social Indicators Research

Roemer’s equality of opportunity (EOp) theory is increasingly used as the framework for assessing... more Roemer’s equality of opportunity (EOp) theory is increasingly used as the framework for assessing the link between public policies and social justice. Most studies focus on a single (monetary) wellbeing indicator and take individual efforts as being randomly distributed. However, recent development theories have uniformly advocated the use of a multidimensional wellbeing measure and the importance of individual responsibility. We propose a theoretical framework and a modelling tool to include these aspects in an assessment of the connection between public policies and inequality of opportunity for wellbeing within a Romerian setting. Using Bolivian data, we demonstrate the empirical usefulness of our framework and find that Bolivian social programmes are strongly associated with the reduction of unfair inequalities arising from ethnicity and family background, although their levels are far away from being optimal. We highlight the role of effort in this connection and show that it i...

Research paper thumbnail of CapMod: A Simulated Society to Evaluate Empirical Estimators of Capabilities

Research paper thumbnail of Public policies for wellbeing with justice: A theoretical discussion based on capabilities and opportunities

International Journal of Wellbeing

Research paper thumbnail of Well-being of female-headed Indian households: A multidimensional analysis using nonparametric stochastic dominance Presenters

Research paper thumbnail of Who should finance WHO's work on emergencies?

Research paper thumbnail of A Smooth Transition SEM Approach to Measure Contagion in International Markets

Research paper thumbnail of Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Cointegrated Systems with Higher Order Integrated Variables and Asymptotic Equivalence with Generalised Least Squares

Research paper thumbnail of Further theoretical results on the regression-based approach to inequality decomposition and application to India

Research paper thumbnail of Bias of the Feasible Estimators of Reduced Form and Structural Variance Components and Coefficients