J. Loze - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by J. Loze
Psychiatric Genetics, 2003
Reinforcement and reward processes have been proposed as being an intermediate link between the r... more Reinforcement and reward processes have been proposed as being an intermediate link between the risk for alcohol dependence and the gene coding for the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2). This hypothesis remains open to speculation, and personality traits such as impulsiveness, a core dimension in addictive disorders, should also be taken into account. For instance, recent evidence in rats showed that DRD2 antagonists might increase impulsivity in decreasing the value of delayed rewards. Considering the pro-impulsiveness role of ethanol observed in clinical practice and epidemiological studies, we analysed the Barratt impulsiveness scores in a sample of 92 alcohol-dependent French patients (57 men and 35 women), according to the TaqI A polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. A2/A2 and A1/A2 genotypes were significantly associated with a higher global impulsiveness than A1/A1 genotype (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively). We propose that reward-related impulsiveness may constitute a risk factor for alcohol dependence, and that this core temperament could be partly mediated by the DRD2 gene.
European Psychiatry, 2013
European Psychiatry, 2011
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2007
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 2009
Communications / Revue d 'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 57S (2009)
![Research paper thumbnail of [Psychometric properties of the French version of the signs and symptoms of psychotic illness (SSPI) scale]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/50094192/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](L Encéphale
This report describes the psychometric evaluation of the French translation of the Signs and Symp... more This report describes the psychometric evaluation of the French translation of the Signs and Symptoms of Psychotic Illness (SSPI) scale. The SSPI scale was designed to assess the five main clusters of symptoms of people suffering from psychotic disorders (psychomotor poverty, reality distortion, disorganisation, depression, and psychomotor excitation) across diagnostic entities. This new tool has been built by Liddle because, in the existing scales assessing psychotic symptoms, individual items cover symptoms that belong to different pathophysiological processes. The SSPI scale comprises 20 items. Its interview is semi-standardised and typically lasts around 25 min. The English version of this scale has shown good psychometric properties (inter-rater reliability, factor structure). We used the SSPI ratings of 81 patients with psychotic symptoms to assess its factor structure and concurrent validity with the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. Twenty-eight videotaped ratings wer...
Background: Metabolic syndrome -a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortal... more Background: Metabolic syndrome -a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality -is twice as prevalent among psychiatric patients (21-63%) as general populations (20-24%). Although there is an inherent illness-associated metabolic risk, medications do contribute. Atypicals vary in metabolic risk from high (clozapine, olanzapine), moderate (risperidone, quetiapine) to low (aripiprazole, ziprasidone) (ADA, 2004). Few studies have comprehensively measured cardiovascular risk or directly compared antipsychotics. Limited controlled data show that antipsychotic-induced metabolic abnormalities may be reversible, rationalizing the switch to a lower-risk agent (DeNayer, 2004). Non-HDL-cholesterol encompasses all atherogenic cholesterols and provides a marker of CV risk: an increase of 29ng/dL in diabetics is associated with 50% increased risk (Jiang, 2004). Non-HDL-cholesterol is independently associated with increased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and angina.
L'Encéphale, 2010
It is becoming clear to clinicians that functional prognosis is the issue that should be guiding ... more It is becoming clear to clinicians that functional prognosis is the issue that should be guiding their choice of therapeutic strategy offered to people with schizophrenic disorders. An individual's degree of social autonomy is one of the principal factors determining functional prognosis, and it has become essential to identify the variables that influence it. The ESPASS survey was set up to follow a cohort of 6000 schizophrenic patients in a naturalistic setting, and was conducted over six months by 1170 psychiatrists. Patients were required to meet DSM-IV TR criteria for schizophrenia, with the exception of those suffering from an acute psychotic episode, and to either need a change in their antipsychotic treatment or its initiation. Data collected included patients' sociodemographical characteristics, types of treatment (pharmacological and non-pharmacological), illness characteristics (as determined by the DSM-IV TR criteria), degree of social autonomy (EAS), effectiveness (IAQ scale), overall severity of the illness (CGI - S scale) and patient satisfaction with medical treatment (PASAP self-questionnaire). Concerning the non-pharmacological aspects of treatment that offer patients programmes to increase their autonomy, the survey made it possible to collect data describing real practices and to measure the actual availability of rehabilitation services. It has been verified that the sample of psychiatrists included in this survey, as well as the schizophrenic patients under evaluation, were representative of the French psychiatrist and patient populations. Most importantly, the survey made it possible to objectively evaluate the healthcare services available in France. It seems that the vast majority of public-service psychiatrists have access to hospital and ambulatory facilities for treatment (medical-psychological centers, day-care hospitals and rest centers), as well as access to facilities providing simulated real-life activities. Psychiatrists who are private practitioners have less access to such arrangements for their patients. The vast majority of psychiatrists in both categories are unable to offer their patients active rehabilitation techniques: training in social skills (25%), cognitive remediation (16%), cognitive-behavioral therapies (20%), even though psychoeducation is quite widespread (44%). However, the survey demonstrated that the actual use of these methods was much lower still (2%, 1% and 2%, respectively), although the use of alternative facilities to hospitalization was quite high (day-care hospitals 9%, rest-centers 8%). In total, at the end of the study, the proportion of patients benefiting from some kind of programme to increase their level of autonomy was 41%. These results have demonstrated a link between the evolution of patients' clinical symptoms and their social autonomy. Within the findings, the items that varied most were patient's level of personal care and relations with others, whereas the ability to manage resources seems difficult to influence. Moreover, the results have shown that better development of social autonomy is significantly correlated with the prescription of second-generation antipsychotics. Regarding non-pharmacological treatment, better development of social autonomy is significantly correlated with setting up programmes to achieve this objective, including the use of active rehabilitation techniques. Overall, the survey confirmed the results of earlier work to validate the scale of social autonomy (EAS), and confirmed the robustness of its objective measurements.
L'Encéphale, 2007
Reçu le 23 janvier 2006 ; accepté le 24 août 2006 Disponible sur Internet le 11 Septembre 2007
L'Encéphale, 2012
One of the aims of the TEMPPO study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteris... more One of the aims of the TEMPPO study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of adult outpatients with type I or type II bipolar disorders (as defined by DSM-IV criteria) in France. TEMPPO is a multicenter, cross-sectional, non-interventional study conducted in France between November 2008 and May 2009, with a random sample of academic and private practice psychiatrists. Each psychiatrist who agreed to participate in the study had to: complete a register with data on all consecutive patients (up to 20 patients) consulting during a 2-month period and fulfilling inclusion criteria; include in the study the first five patients of the register with an on-going consultation for at least 6 months; for each of which a detailed questionnaire had been assessed, notably their sociodemographic and bipolar clinical characteristics. Adult outpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorders (BD) were enrolled if fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: man or woman, aged 18 and above, diagnosed bipolar type I or II according to DSM-IV criteria, treated (whatever the treatment strategy) or not, and followed-up for at least 6 months by the participating psychiatrist. One hundred and thirty-five psychiatrists included 619 patients with bipolar disorder (197 and 422 followed-up in public and private practice respectively). The estimated prevalence of patients with bipolar disorders consulting psychiatrists was 0.43%. Type I bipolar disorder was the most frequent condition (58% of the patients). As a whole, bipolar disorder was associated with severe handicap (mean global disease Clinical Global Impression [CGI]-Severity score of 4.4 and mean GAF [Global Assessment of Functioning] score of 59), with more depressive episodes than manic episodes (6 vs. 4) or hypomania (6 vs. 3), a high proportion of rapid cycles (11%), psychiatric comorbidities (45% of patients), obesity (16% of patients), libido dysfunction and associated psychotic symptoms. Current manic phase was associated with more pronounced illness severity and lowest functioning. More than half of the patients (57%) had a family history of psychiatric disorders. This study could shed some light for a better understanding of demographics and clinical patterns of patients with bipolar disorders consulting psychiatrists in France. The results emphasize the severity of bipolar disorders with mainly depressive episodes, a high proportion of rapid-cycling, comorbidities and associated psychotic symptoms; these characteristics being more marked in patients suffering from BD I. Furthermore, this study confirms the strong negative impact on social and professional life of French bipolar patients, requiring specific management in addition to the symptomatic treatment.
L'Encéphale, 2012
TEMPPO is an observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study, initiated in the French metrop... more TEMPPO is an observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study, initiated in the French metropolitan territory in 2009. Set up from a random sample of 135 psychiatrists, it has observed the procedures for therapeutic management of a population (n=619) of their outpatients (respectively 197 and 422 in public and private practice) with bipolar disorder type I or II disorders (DSM-IV). The patients who were followed were mostly very sick. Every patient received a pharmacological treatment. The prescription included at least one mood stabilizer or an antipsychotic (71 % atypical) in 78 % and 56 % of cases respectively. Treatment regimen changes were frequent (61 % of patients had at least one change in treatment during the last 12 months). A single molecule by therapeutic class was generally prescribed. The presence of an antipsychotic in combination therapy was often associated with the severity or difficulty of care of the patient (mixed states, severity of the global functioning i...
European Psychiatry, 2011
European Psychiatry, 2008
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between depression an... more Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between depression and hostility among teacher.
Psychiatric Genetics, 2003
Reinforcement and reward processes have been proposed as being an intermediate link between the r... more Reinforcement and reward processes have been proposed as being an intermediate link between the risk for alcohol dependence and the gene coding for the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2). This hypothesis remains open to speculation, and personality traits such as impulsiveness, a core dimension in addictive disorders, should also be taken into account. For instance, recent evidence in rats showed that DRD2 antagonists might increase impulsivity in decreasing the value of delayed rewards. Considering the pro-impulsiveness role of ethanol observed in clinical practice and epidemiological studies, we analysed the Barratt impulsiveness scores in a sample of 92 alcohol-dependent French patients (57 men and 35 women), according to the TaqI A polymorphism of the DRD2 gene. A2/A2 and A1/A2 genotypes were significantly associated with a higher global impulsiveness than A1/A1 genotype (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively). We propose that reward-related impulsiveness may constitute a risk factor for alcohol dependence, and that this core temperament could be partly mediated by the DRD2 gene.
European Psychiatry, 2013
European Psychiatry, 2011
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2007
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015
Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 2009
Communications / Revue d 'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 57S (2009)
L Encéphale
This report describes the psychometric evaluation of the French translation of the Signs and Symp... more This report describes the psychometric evaluation of the French translation of the Signs and Symptoms of Psychotic Illness (SSPI) scale. The SSPI scale was designed to assess the five main clusters of symptoms of people suffering from psychotic disorders (psychomotor poverty, reality distortion, disorganisation, depression, and psychomotor excitation) across diagnostic entities. This new tool has been built by Liddle because, in the existing scales assessing psychotic symptoms, individual items cover symptoms that belong to different pathophysiological processes. The SSPI scale comprises 20 items. Its interview is semi-standardised and typically lasts around 25 min. The English version of this scale has shown good psychometric properties (inter-rater reliability, factor structure). We used the SSPI ratings of 81 patients with psychotic symptoms to assess its factor structure and concurrent validity with the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. Twenty-eight videotaped ratings wer...
Background: Metabolic syndrome -a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortal... more Background: Metabolic syndrome -a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality -is twice as prevalent among psychiatric patients (21-63%) as general populations (20-24%). Although there is an inherent illness-associated metabolic risk, medications do contribute. Atypicals vary in metabolic risk from high (clozapine, olanzapine), moderate (risperidone, quetiapine) to low (aripiprazole, ziprasidone) (ADA, 2004). Few studies have comprehensively measured cardiovascular risk or directly compared antipsychotics. Limited controlled data show that antipsychotic-induced metabolic abnormalities may be reversible, rationalizing the switch to a lower-risk agent (DeNayer, 2004). Non-HDL-cholesterol encompasses all atherogenic cholesterols and provides a marker of CV risk: an increase of 29ng/dL in diabetics is associated with 50% increased risk (Jiang, 2004). Non-HDL-cholesterol is independently associated with increased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and angina.
L'Encéphale, 2010
It is becoming clear to clinicians that functional prognosis is the issue that should be guiding ... more It is becoming clear to clinicians that functional prognosis is the issue that should be guiding their choice of therapeutic strategy offered to people with schizophrenic disorders. An individual's degree of social autonomy is one of the principal factors determining functional prognosis, and it has become essential to identify the variables that influence it. The ESPASS survey was set up to follow a cohort of 6000 schizophrenic patients in a naturalistic setting, and was conducted over six months by 1170 psychiatrists. Patients were required to meet DSM-IV TR criteria for schizophrenia, with the exception of those suffering from an acute psychotic episode, and to either need a change in their antipsychotic treatment or its initiation. Data collected included patients' sociodemographical characteristics, types of treatment (pharmacological and non-pharmacological), illness characteristics (as determined by the DSM-IV TR criteria), degree of social autonomy (EAS), effectiveness (IAQ scale), overall severity of the illness (CGI - S scale) and patient satisfaction with medical treatment (PASAP self-questionnaire). Concerning the non-pharmacological aspects of treatment that offer patients programmes to increase their autonomy, the survey made it possible to collect data describing real practices and to measure the actual availability of rehabilitation services. It has been verified that the sample of psychiatrists included in this survey, as well as the schizophrenic patients under evaluation, were representative of the French psychiatrist and patient populations. Most importantly, the survey made it possible to objectively evaluate the healthcare services available in France. It seems that the vast majority of public-service psychiatrists have access to hospital and ambulatory facilities for treatment (medical-psychological centers, day-care hospitals and rest centers), as well as access to facilities providing simulated real-life activities. Psychiatrists who are private practitioners have less access to such arrangements for their patients. The vast majority of psychiatrists in both categories are unable to offer their patients active rehabilitation techniques: training in social skills (25%), cognitive remediation (16%), cognitive-behavioral therapies (20%), even though psychoeducation is quite widespread (44%). However, the survey demonstrated that the actual use of these methods was much lower still (2%, 1% and 2%, respectively), although the use of alternative facilities to hospitalization was quite high (day-care hospitals 9%, rest-centers 8%). In total, at the end of the study, the proportion of patients benefiting from some kind of programme to increase their level of autonomy was 41%. These results have demonstrated a link between the evolution of patients' clinical symptoms and their social autonomy. Within the findings, the items that varied most were patient's level of personal care and relations with others, whereas the ability to manage resources seems difficult to influence. Moreover, the results have shown that better development of social autonomy is significantly correlated with the prescription of second-generation antipsychotics. Regarding non-pharmacological treatment, better development of social autonomy is significantly correlated with setting up programmes to achieve this objective, including the use of active rehabilitation techniques. Overall, the survey confirmed the results of earlier work to validate the scale of social autonomy (EAS), and confirmed the robustness of its objective measurements.
L'Encéphale, 2007
Reçu le 23 janvier 2006 ; accepté le 24 août 2006 Disponible sur Internet le 11 Septembre 2007
L'Encéphale, 2012
One of the aims of the TEMPPO study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteris... more One of the aims of the TEMPPO study was to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of adult outpatients with type I or type II bipolar disorders (as defined by DSM-IV criteria) in France. TEMPPO is a multicenter, cross-sectional, non-interventional study conducted in France between November 2008 and May 2009, with a random sample of academic and private practice psychiatrists. Each psychiatrist who agreed to participate in the study had to: complete a register with data on all consecutive patients (up to 20 patients) consulting during a 2-month period and fulfilling inclusion criteria; include in the study the first five patients of the register with an on-going consultation for at least 6 months; for each of which a detailed questionnaire had been assessed, notably their sociodemographic and bipolar clinical characteristics. Adult outpatients diagnosed with bipolar disorders (BD) were enrolled if fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: man or woman, aged 18 and above, diagnosed bipolar type I or II according to DSM-IV criteria, treated (whatever the treatment strategy) or not, and followed-up for at least 6 months by the participating psychiatrist. One hundred and thirty-five psychiatrists included 619 patients with bipolar disorder (197 and 422 followed-up in public and private practice respectively). The estimated prevalence of patients with bipolar disorders consulting psychiatrists was 0.43%. Type I bipolar disorder was the most frequent condition (58% of the patients). As a whole, bipolar disorder was associated with severe handicap (mean global disease Clinical Global Impression [CGI]-Severity score of 4.4 and mean GAF [Global Assessment of Functioning] score of 59), with more depressive episodes than manic episodes (6 vs. 4) or hypomania (6 vs. 3), a high proportion of rapid cycles (11%), psychiatric comorbidities (45% of patients), obesity (16% of patients), libido dysfunction and associated psychotic symptoms. Current manic phase was associated with more pronounced illness severity and lowest functioning. More than half of the patients (57%) had a family history of psychiatric disorders. This study could shed some light for a better understanding of demographics and clinical patterns of patients with bipolar disorders consulting psychiatrists in France. The results emphasize the severity of bipolar disorders with mainly depressive episodes, a high proportion of rapid-cycling, comorbidities and associated psychotic symptoms; these characteristics being more marked in patients suffering from BD I. Furthermore, this study confirms the strong negative impact on social and professional life of French bipolar patients, requiring specific management in addition to the symptomatic treatment.
L'Encéphale, 2012
TEMPPO is an observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study, initiated in the French metrop... more TEMPPO is an observational, cross-sectional and multicentre study, initiated in the French metropolitan territory in 2009. Set up from a random sample of 135 psychiatrists, it has observed the procedures for therapeutic management of a population (n=619) of their outpatients (respectively 197 and 422 in public and private practice) with bipolar disorder type I or II disorders (DSM-IV). The patients who were followed were mostly very sick. Every patient received a pharmacological treatment. The prescription included at least one mood stabilizer or an antipsychotic (71 % atypical) in 78 % and 56 % of cases respectively. Treatment regimen changes were frequent (61 % of patients had at least one change in treatment during the last 12 months). A single molecule by therapeutic class was generally prescribed. The presence of an antipsychotic in combination therapy was often associated with the severity or difficulty of care of the patient (mixed states, severity of the global functioning i...
European Psychiatry, 2011
European Psychiatry, 2008
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between depression an... more Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between depression and hostility among teacher.