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Papers by Jacobs Publishers

Objectives: To study the utilization of Atorvastatin in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riy... more Objectives: To study the utilization of Atorvastatin in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh
Methods: The data for this retrospective descriptive study was obtained from the hospital information system and
chart review. All KAMC patients were first prescribed with atorvastatin on September 2006. The following individual
characteristics were collected: age, gender, and blood pressure/hypertension, diabetes smoking status cardiovascular
disease (CVD) and chronic heart disease (CHD) or chronic heart disease equivalent (CHD equev - which include occlusive
carotid disease, peripheral vascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, or diabetes). We also collected data on
the most recent lipid profile testing including (LDL-C/HDL-C and cholesterol blood levels) prior to atorvastatin therapy
initiation, as determined by routine blood lipid tests. Data were summarized descriptively as means ± standard deviation,
frequencies (N and percentages) or proportions, as appropriate

Kundalini Emergency – Portugal: The first 10 years

Yoga is widely publicized in the West, but due to a certain misrepresentation of its purpose, peo... more Yoga is widely publicized in the West, but due to a certain misrepresentation of its purpose, people involved in the practice
of yoga are at risk of getting health problems. Therefore, it is necessary to alert people to the possible dangers of awakening
kundalini, give training to yoga teachers, and create help services related to the awakening of kundalini. In this article,
we presented the Kundalini Emergency – Portugal service, its intervention protocol, the most mentioned symptomatology
by its clients, some difficulties experienced during the first 10 years of service, and we gave some advice to yoga teachers.

Cooling on Transport for Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

Therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) has been shown to... more Therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) has been shown to reduce
cerebral injury and disabilities. The cooling on transport can minimize delay in treatment. This paper is to study the
feasibility and effect of the cooling on transport and therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with HIE

The purpose of this study was to investigate, in 3-Dimensional (3D) space, the differences in low... more The purpose of this study was to investigate, in 3-Dimensional (3D) space, the differences in lower limb kinematics between land-based walking (WL) and aquatic-based (WA). Twenty six male subjects (58 ± 5 years, 1.68 ± 0.50 m and 70.8 ± 11.9 kg) walked at self-selected pace in both conditions. Motion capture systems were used to quantify the toe-out-angle (TOA), stride length (SL), step-width (SW) and the hip and knee joint kinematics for both conditions. SW (0.10 ± 0.05 m vs 0.07 ± 0.03 m) and TOA (14 ± 6° vs 12 ± 5°) were significantly larger for WA than WL. However, WA resulted in significantly smaller SL (1.2 ± 0.1 m vs 0.9 ± 0.2 m), hip abduction/adduction range of motion (ROM) (6 ± 2° vs 13 ± 3°), knee abduction/adduction ROM (3 ± 1° vs 5 ± 2°), knee internal/external rotation ROM (3 ± 1° vs 6 ± 2°) and knee flexion/extension ROM (51 ± 14° vs 59 ± 4°) than WL. The results suggest that gait parameters and kinematics may have different associations for aquatic and land-based conditions. These findings could be used to facilitate a reference or guide which could be beneficial for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). It may also facilitate practitioners in the application of aquatic therapy as a form of gait training for patients with knee OA.

Compared to concentric exercise, eccentric cycling is characterized by a lower cardiovascular and... more Compared to concentric exercise, eccentric cycling is characterized by a lower cardiovascular and metabolic cost. However,
its effects on the autonomic nervous system and the effects of pedalling frequency are little known. Eleven healthy subjects
participated in this study. Cardiorespiratory variables were assessed during concentric and eccentric cycling performed with 3
different pedalling frequencies and post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation (heart rate recovery during the first 60 seconds
of recovery and its normalized value; HRR60 and nHRR60) was studied. Cardiorespiratory responses were significantly lower
during eccentric than concentric cycling. Heart rate recovery metrics were lower after eccentric than concentric cycling. In particular nHRR60 was 0.19 ± 0.11 vs 0.26 ± 0.11, after eccentric vs concentric exercise at 30 revolutions per minute respectively;
0.13 ± 0.22 vs 0.28 ± 0.11 at 40 rpm and; 0.12 ± 0.14 vs 0.26 ± 0.10 at 60 rpm showing an attenuated post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation after eccentric exercise. While no change was observed during concentric exercise, increasing the pedalling
frequencies lowered the cardiopulmonary solicitation during eccentric cycling. A trend for a delayed post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation was also observed when the pedalling frequency increased (p = 0.057). These results highlighted that eccentric cycling imposed a greater strain on the autonomic nervous system than concentric cycling at the same power output despite
a lower cardiorespiratory requirement

Background It has been reported that preoperative depression status affects the postoperative out... more Background
It has been reported that preoperative depression status affects the postoperative outcome significantly in patients with
lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) treated with surgery. However, characteristics of patients with LSS that might respond to
physical therapy are not known.
Objective
To evaluate which patients with LSS are responded to physical therapy using multimodal assessments of physical and
psychological factors.
Methods
Patients presenting with bilateral symptoms of neurogenic claudication caused by central LSS were enrolled. Patients were
treated with physical therapy once a week for 6 weeks. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Zurich Claudication
Questionnaire (ZCQ); visual analog scale of low back pain, leg pain, and leg numbness; Japanese Orthopaedic Association
Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depression (SRQ-D); and Biodex isokinetic dynamometer at baseline and 6 weeks
after intervention. According to Stucki’s criteria for the satisfaction scores of the ZCQ subscales completed after intervention,
patients were divided into the satisfied group (Group I) and the unsatisfied group (Group II). The characteristics of those
patients with LSS who can obtain satisfactory results with our physical therapy programs were clarified.
Results
Groups I and II had 25 and 13 patients, respectively. There were no differences in the demographic data and MRI findings
between the two groups. At baseline, however, there was a significant difference in the SRQ-D (Group I, 7.2± 4.1 points vs.
Group II, 10.9± 2.9 points). Improvements in pain, and disability, and pain catastrophizing favored the Group I at 6 weeks
after the interventions

Summary The material about the “Imperfect Hips” is based on 29 years of observations conducted in... more Summary
The material about the “Imperfect Hips” is based on 29 years of observations conducted in the years 1985-2014 and [N]
552 cases. The arthrosis of the hips has multifactorial causes, but in the paper authors described one - the biomechanical
influences in development of this illness. The causes of “imperfect hips” on the left side (left hips) are linked with insufficiently cured hip dysplasia in childhood. The causes of the “Imperfect Hips” on the right side (right hips) are connected with
“The Syndrome of Permanent Standing ‘at ease’ on the Right Leg” (SofSRL). In all the cases of “Imperfect Hips” it is important
to introduce the prophylactics methods very early, that is at the age of 40 or 50. Presented methods are simple and effective.
The basis of such prophylactics is the following: 1/ changing of the position of standing – we advise – standing in abduction
of 20 – 30 degree and in internal rotation of 20 - 30 degree, 2/ changing of walking – gait with feet apart 30 cm; 3/ sitting – in
internal rotation of hips (knees together – feet apart) and 4/ sleeping – in flexion and abduction of the affected hip
(like a baby – but only with one leg). As an additionally treatment we advise stretching exercises in kinesiotherapy and
physiotherapy

Although older adults are at greater risk for poor health, obesity, and inactivity, few intervent... more Although older adults are at greater risk for poor health, obesity, and inactivity, few interventions target this group. Moreover,
even fewer studies target ethnic minorities, who are at elevated risk for poor outcomes. This study aimed to test the effectiveness
of an exercise and nutritional education intervention with peer support for diverse, chronically ill, community-dwelling older
adults. This pilot study used a pre/post cohort study design with four-month follow-up. Sixty-two individuals aged 60 and older,
with two or more chronic conditions, and who had been admitted to the hospital or emergency department within the previous
six months were enrolled. Participants received 16 weeks of exercise and nutritional counseling (32, bi-weekly sessions), provided in a group environment, with homework that included eating and exercise assignments and encouraged connecting with
classmates between class sessions. At the end of the 16-week course, significant reductions in weight (p<.001), body mass index
(p<.001), waist circumference (p=.046), systolic (p=.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p<.001), and total cholesterol (p=.042)
were observed. Results add to growing evidence suggesting that multidisciplinary models may be effective in improving physical
and clinical health of chronically ill older adults. Additionally, our study suggests ethnically diverse older adults can be effectively engaged in exercise and nutritional programs

Introduction High expiratory flow plays an important role in expelling foreign substances and exc... more Introduction
High expiratory flow plays an important role in expelling foreign substances and excessive mucus from the lungs and airways
in order to minimize the risk of infection. Activity of the abdominal muscles is important for the generation of high expiratory flow. This muscle group includes the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transverse
abdominis (TrA). However, little is known about the contribution of each abdominal muscle to forced expiration.
Objective
The aim of the present study was to determine whether abdominal muscle thickness at rest is correlated with peak expiratory flow (PEF) in elderly subjects.
Methods
The present study examined whether PEF was associated with the thickness of specific abdominal muscles in 24 elderly
women who could walk independently. Muscle thickness was measured at rest in the supine position. The thicknesses of the
right RA, EO, IO, and TrA were measured using B-mode ultrasound at the end of a relaxed expiration in the supine position.
PEF was obtained using a peak flow meter in the sitting position. The correlation between normalized PEF and normalized
abdominal muscle thickness was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results
Correlation coefficients when comparing PEF and the RA, EO, IO, and TrA were 0.434 (P = 0.034), 0.323 (P = 0.124), 0.539
(P = 0.007), and 0.470 (P = 0.021), respectively

Introduction: Research has shown that assisted jumping results in an acute performance enhancemen... more Introduction: Research has shown that assisted jumping results in an acute performance enhancement, however the underlying mechanisms of this are unclear.
Purpose: To investigate lower body muscle activation and jump performance following assisted jumping.
Methods: Eight collegiate female volleyball players (19.11 ± 1.05 yrs.; 175.99 ± 7.52 cm; 75.47 ± 10.88 kg) completed 2 experimental conditions (0% bodyweight or 40% bodyweight reduction (BWR)). For assisted jumping, participants wore a harness
with elastic cords stretched to the ceiling by a rope and attached to their hips. In each trial, participants performed 5 plyometric
countermovement jumps (CMJ), rested for 1 minute, then performed 3 individual bodyweight CMJ separated by 15 seconds rest.
Electromyography was used to measure concentric and eccentric root mean square (RMS) amplitude of the gluteus maximus,
vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius lateralis prior to take-off. Vertical jump performance variables of impulse, jump height, takeoff velocity, relative ground reaction force, and relative peak power were collected on a force plate.
Results: ANOVA for EMG RMS showed no 3 way interaction but there was a 2 way interaction of muscle x action for each muscle. Concentric actions of all muscles were greater than eccentric: gluteus maximus concentric 0.11 ± 0.03mV vs. eccentric 0.02
± 0.01mV; vastus lateralis concentric 0.43 ± 0.09mV vs. eccentric 0.10 ± 0.03mV and gastrocnemius lateralis concentric 0.29 ±
0.08mV vs. eccentric 0.06 ± 0.04mV. There was no main effect for any performance variable.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the current study, there does not appear to be an acute PAP effect of assisted jumping on
subsequent bodyweight countermovement vertical jumping in highly trained female volleyball players.

Background: Since children are becoming less physically active, the main goal of this research wa... more Background: Since children are becoming less physically active, the main goal of this research was to determine if a three-month
intervention (“TogetherFit”) could influence parents’ stage of change and the physical activity behavior of their children.
Methods: Parents (n = 34: n = 16 intervention group, n = 18 control group) of two school classes of fifth grade of an elementary
school completed a questionnaire at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention (T1) and three months later (T2) to measure their stage of change. The physical activity behavior of their children (n = 34: n = 16 for the intervention group, n = 18 for
the control group) was measured at the same time with pedometers. Only participants who provided complete data (stages of
change and physical activity behavior at T0, T1 and T2) were used for analysis (n = 27: n = 15 for the intervention group, n = 12
for the control group).
Results: At T1, 67% of the parents in the intervention group had a positive result in their stage of change against only 8% for
the parents in the control group. These results were nearly the same at T2. The physical activity behavior of the children in the
intervention group increased significantly compared to the control group. The change in pedometer counts of the children over
time was significantly different between the intervention group and the control group.
Conclusions: The results indicate the potential for the intervention “TogetherFit” to make a significant positive impact.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is the non-pharmacological treatment method aimed at alleviating symptom... more Pulmonary rehabilitation is the non-pharmacological treatment method aimed at alleviating symptoms, enhancing exercise capacity and improving health-related quality of life. It specifically acts in cystic fibrosis by improving sputum clearance, stimulating patients to be more physically active and self-confident. Physiotherapists play a central role in this process by delivering to
the patients and actively teaching them physical exercises, a suitable method of airway clearance technique, and by encouraging
self-adherence, a key action towards short and long-term results. There are fragile and dependent children, complex debilitated
adults by multiple comorbidities, all of them needing complete assessment, correct follow-up and warm support. They will be
mentioned the current used airway clearance techniques, together with their indications, limits and sometimes side effects.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation (TENS) applicatio... more The objective of this study is to evaluate the Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation (TENS) application in reducing the pain intensity
during the labor. In the period between February 2011 to December 2011, 60 pregnant women who agreed to participate in the
study by signing a consent form approved by the Ethics Committee of the Maternity of the Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Sao Paulo. Women were randomized into two groups: 30 women who used TENS, and Control group: 30 women without
the TENS. All women answered the visual analog scale (VAS) of pain at the beginning and during the labor. To compare mean VAS
between the groups it was used repeated measures of ANOVA with alpha risk of 5%. There was a reduction in the pain intensity
with the TENS application when Intervention group was compared with Control group. The TENS use showed to be efficient in
reducing pain intensity during labor

Purpose: This study set out to compare physiotherapy (PT), nursing (RN) and medical (MD) program ... more Purpose: This study set out to compare physiotherapy (PT), nursing (RN) and medical (MD) program curricula to determine whose students may be best prepared to prescribe exercise within primary care for the purpose of chronic disease prevention and management.

sive vaginal electrical stimulation were given. Exercises were learned during the first session f... more sive vaginal electrical stimulation were given. Exercises were
learned during the first session for performance at home. The
sample size was calculated as 32 patients with a power of 80%
and significance of 5%. Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were
used to compare results.
Results
33 women, 7 with stress urinary incontinence and 26 with
mixed urinary incontinence, were studied. There was a significant reduction in the number of episodes of urinary incontinence and improvements in pelvic floor muscle activity and
quality of life, although results on the pad test did not reach
significance.
Conclusions: the protocol of passive electrical stimulation in
combination with pelvic floor muscle training at home proved
effective for improving the stress component of urinary incontinence and should be included as part of routine treatment of
women with pelvic floor dysfunction.

Background: Non-contact lower-limb injuries are common across skill levels and within both gender... more Background: Non-contact lower-limb injuries are common across skill levels and within both genders for sport. With the incidence of injuries increasing in the second half of the competition and latter portions of tournaments, there is a potential that
altered neuromuscular function and biomechanical processes are developing with the onset of fatigue. Additionally, athletes are
often required to perform high velocity unilateral movements throughout the duration of the sport. A large imbalance between
legs will increase the potential for injury when relied on as the sole source for power production or force dissipation, such as
when taking off or landing from a single-leg jump.
Purpose: To quantify the Average Symmetry Index (ASI) between legs when performing single-leg countermovement jumps
before and immediately following a 60-second continuous jumping fatigue protocol.
Methods: ASI magnitudes were determined for 5 subjects (3 males and 2 females) while performing 3 maximal single-leg countermovement jumps on each leg. Participants then performed 60 seconds of continuous submaximal double leg jumping, followed immediately by a second bout of 3 maximal single-leg countermovement jumps on each leg. Paired t-tests were used to
determine if power output values and ASI magnitudes varied substantially pre- and post the fatiguing bout.
Results: Significant differences were found to be present when comparing the mean power output pre-and post-fatigue for the
non-dominant leg (p = 0.05) After the 60-second fatiguing bout, subjects’ power output in the non-dominant leg was significantly less than prior to the 60-second bout (p = 0.05). ASI power output was also found to be significantly higher for the pre-fatigue
condition when compared to the post-fatigue (p = 0.004). Conclusions: The initial findings of this study indicate that there is
the potential to be over looking athletes that may truly be in the high risk category as the game or match continues if testing is
only conducted in a pre-fatigue condition. Being able to identify such athletes in order to develop training protocols to help minimize asymmetries is essential in optimizing performance while minimizing injury. Future research will investigate additional
characteristics previously identified as those that predispose athletes to non-contact lower body injury in pre-and post-fatigue
conditions across multiple directions (vertical, horizontal and lateral).

Introduction: Physical exercise is recommended to tackle obesity. However, obese individuals ofte... more Introduction: Physical exercise is recommended to tackle obesity. However, obese individuals often do not closely adhere to
training programmes. Intermittent exercise might be a means to improve compliance, although little is known about the effects
of this type of exercise according to obesity class.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an intermittent exercise programme on obese women according
to their obesity class.
Method: Fifty-three obese and sedentary women were divided into two groups: a training group (moderate obesity, n = 4; severe
obesity, n = 14; morbid obesity, n = 13) and a control group (moderate obesity, n = 5; severe obesity, n = 9; morbid obesity, n =
8). The training group performed 32 min of intermittent exercise 3 days per week for 10 weeks, whereas the control group was
untrained. Before and after the intervention period, anthropometric and physiological data were collected and 6-min walking
test performance was assessed for between-group comparisons.
Results: The main results showed that after the programme, the training group had significantly reduced body mass (103.9 ±
14.6 vs 101.1 ± 14.4 Kg), body mass index (39.5 ± 4.8 vs 38.5 ± 4.8 Kg.m-2), resting heart rate (75 ± 8 vs 70 ± 7 bpm), and systolic
blood pressure (135 ± 13 vs 130 ± 10 mmHg). Moreover, the maximal 6-min walking distance after the intervention period was
significantly increased in the training group (389 ± 63 vs 436 ± 61 m). However, these beneficial effects did not depend on obesity
class.
Conclusion: A training programme based on intermittent exercise has beneficial effects on anthropometric and physiological
measures and 6-min walking test performance. However, these effects do not depend on the obesity class.

Introduction Visceral amebiasis of the elderly is rare even in areas of high endemicity such as t... more Introduction
Visceral amebiasis of the elderly is rare even in areas of high endemicity such as the Ivory Coast. Its atypical clinical presentation
leads to the use of sensitive and specific serological tests as the best diagnostic means.
Clinical case
We report 2 cases of hepatic amebiasis in two septuagenarians with pleural extension in one and Pleuropulmonary in the other.
The abscessed hepatic formations were found in both cases, one with a pleural effusion syndrome associated with an abscess of
the lung; in the other only a pleural effusion syndrome. These patients had had an ultrasound-guided pleural and hepatic puncture. Diagnostic confirmation is provided by the amoebic serology (latex and / or indirect immunofluorescence) highly positive
in both cases.
The healing obtained by the initiated treatment of nitroimidazole and tissue amebicides also helped confirm the diagnosis.
Conclusion
A satisfactory geriatric assessment in elderly carriers of visceral amebiasis can lead to diagnostic errors. Serological tests may
help correct the diagnosis and an appropriate management can effectively reduce mortality

Population ageing is an important issue globally. Abuse of the elderly is an important social and... more Population ageing is an important issue globally. Abuse of the elderly is an important social and public health issue arising from
this increase in longevity. Most of the literature on elder abuse is based on studies conducted in developed countries and very
little is known about elder abuse in developing countries. There is also cultural variation how abuse of the elderly is perceived.
The volume of the elderly population is increasing rapidly in developing countries while traditional social support systems
are deteriorating each day due to urbanization and modernization. Subsequently, elderly individuals are at a high risk of being
abused. Studies show that the abuse of the elderly has an impact on the health and well-being of elders and can lead to increased
health care costs nationwide. It is imperative that international and state organizations as well as every member of society take
action to solve the hidden elder abuse issue through comprehensive research so that the elderly can enjoy their remaining years.

Abstract Background: Adults’ Suicide is a major public health issue among older adults, who have ... more Abstract
Background: Adults’ Suicide is a major public health issue among older adults, who have a high rate of completing suicide. In
2014, the highest suicide rate was among people 85 years or older.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of anxiety, depression, and coping strategies on suicidal ideation
in older adults in the U.S.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive research design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires.
The sample consisted of 51 community-dwelling older adults. The software SPSS 23 was used for data analysis. Descriptive data
analysis techniques, including Pearson Correlation, Stepwise Multiple Regression, and ANOVA, were used to answer the research
questions.
Results: The mean age was 73.16 (SD = 7.41), range (64-91); 54.9% were male and 45.1% were female. The following variables
were significantly related to older adults’ suicidal ideation: anxiety (r = 0.546, p = 0.000), depression (r = 0.678, p = 0.000),
problem focused disengagement coping (r = -0.486, p = 0.000), emotional focused engagement coping (r = 0.472, p = 0.000), and
emotional focused disengagement coping (r = 0.350, p = 0.012). The results of Multiple Regression indicated that depression (ß
= 0.583, p ≤ 0.001) and emotional focused engagement coping strategies (ß = 0.229, p ≤ 0.05) were significant predictors of older
adults’ suicidal ideation. There were significant differences of anxiety, depression, and coping strategies between high suicidal
ideation (scores = 4-7) group 3 and low suicidal ideation (scores = 0-2) group 1. Group 3 had higher level of anxiety and depression than Group 1. Group 1 had higher scores on using problem-focused disengagement coping strategies and lower scores on
using emotion-focused engagement coping strategies than Group 3.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that older adults with higher levels of anxiety and depression, or using emotional focused
coping strategies had higher scores on suicidal ideation. Older adults who used problem focused coping strategies had lower
scores on suicidal ideation

Kundalini Emergency – Portugal: The first 10 years

Cooling on Transport for Neonates with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy