J. Roth - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by J. Roth

Research paper thumbnail of Immune responses and protection by vaccine and various vaccine adjuvant candidates to virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2006

Various vaccine adjuvant candidates were assessed with the modified-live porcine reproductive and... more Various vaccine adjuvant candidates were assessed with the modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (MLV PRRSV) (Ingelvac 1 PRRS MLV) vaccine. Their influence on humoral-mediated immune (HMI) and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses as well as protection from virulent PRRSV challenge (MN-184) was evaluated. Ninety seronegative pigs were randomly divided into nine groups of 10 pigs. One group received MLV vaccine alone. Five groups received MLV vaccine with either bacterial endotoxin-derived adjuvant (ET), mixed open reading frame 5 (ORF5) peptides derived from various PRRSV isolates, porcine interferon alpha (IFNa), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), or porcine interleukin-12 (IL-12). One group did not receive MLV vaccine but was immunized with ORF5 peptides conjugated with cholera toxin (ORF5 peptide/CT). Two groups served as challenged and unchallenged non-vaccinated controls. Four-color flow cytometry was utilized to simultaneously identify three major porcine Tcell surface markers (CD4, CD8, and gd TCR) and detect activation marker CD25 (a chain of IL-2 receptor) or intracellular IFNg. The MLV PRRSV vaccine alone successfully primed CD4 À CD8 + gd À T-cells as demonstrated by a significant increase in %IFNg + cells when live PRRSV was used as a recall antigen. Booster immunizations of mixed ORF5 peptides and coadministration of IL-12 with MLV PRRSV vaccine significantly enhanced IFNg expression by some T-cell subsets (CD4 À CD8 + gd + and CD4 À CD8 À gd + for mixed ORF5 peptides and CD4 + CD8 + gd À and CD4 À CD8 + gd + for IL-12). All groups receiving MLV-vaccine with or without adjuvants had reduced lung lesions after challenge. The group immunized with only ORF5 peptide/CT did not have significant T-cell recall responses and was not protected from challenge. Expression of IFNg by several T-cell subsets correlated with reduced lung lesions and viremia, whereas expression of CD25 did not. Expression of www.elsevier.com/locate/vetimm Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 109 (2006) 99-115

Research paper thumbnail of Biology of porcine T lymphocytes

Animal Health Research Reviews, 2006

The present review concentrates on the biological aspects of porcine T lymphocytes. Their ontogen... more The present review concentrates on the biological aspects of porcine T lymphocytes. Their ontogeny, subpopulations, localization and trafficking, and responses to pathogens are reviewed. The development of porcine T cells begins in the liver during the first trimester of fetal life and continues in the thymus from the second trimester until after birth. Porcine T cells are divided into two lineages, based on their possession of the ab or gd T-cell receptor. Porcine ab T cells recognize antigens in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner, whereas the gd T cells recognize antigens in a MHC non-restricted fashion. The CD4 + CD8 7 and CD4 + CD8 lo T cell subsets of ab T cells recognize antigens presented in MHC class II molecules, while the CD4 7 CD8 + T cell subset recognizes antigens presented in MHC class I molecules. Porcine ab T cells localize mainly in lymphoid tissues, whereas gd T cells predominate in the blood and intestinal epithelium of pigs. Porcine CD8 + ab T cells are a prominent T-cell subset during antiviral responses, while porcine CD4 + ab T cell responses predominantly occur in bacterial and parasitic infections. Porcine gd T cell responses have been reported in only a few infections. Porcine T cell responses are suppressed by some viruses and bacteria. The mechanisms of T cell suppression are not entirely known but reportedly include the killing of T cells, the inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation, the inhibition of antiviral cytokine production, and the induction of immunosuppressive cytokines.

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of formulation on the immunostimulatory activity of dihydroheptaprenol

Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2002

Holstein steer calves received a single injection of Miglyol (Sasol Chemical Industries, Ltd.) su... more Holstein steer calves received a single injection of Miglyol (Sasol Chemical Industries, Ltd.) subcutaneously as a placebo, dihydroheptaprenol (DHP) (4 mg/kg) emulsified with lecithin subcutaneously, DHP in solution in Miglyol (4 mg/kg) subcutaneously, or DHP in solution in Miglyol (4 mg/kg) intranasally. The DHP emulsified in lecithin emulsion administered subcutaneously caused a substantial increase in body temperature, total leukocyte count, total neutrophil count, neutrophil cytochrome-c reduction, and neutrophil iodination 24 hours after administration and, for some of the parameters, at 48 hours. The DHP formulation in Miglyol did not have any of these effects when administered subcutaneously or intranasally. The carrier and formulation of DHP apparently have major effects on the biologic activity of DHP.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of antimicrobial treatments and vaccination regimens for control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Streptococcus suis coinfection of nursery pigs

Journal of clinical microbiology, 2000

Seventy-six, crossbred, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-free pigs wer... more Seventy-six, crossbred, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-free pigs were weaned at 12 days of age and randomly assigned to seven groups of 10 to 11 pigs each. Pigs in group 1 served as unchallenged controls. Pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of high-virulence PRRSV isolate VR-2385 (10(4.47) 50% tissue culture infective doses per 2 ml) on day 0 of the study (30 days of age). Seven days after PRRSV challenge, pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (10(8.30) CFU/2 ml). Group 2 pigs served as untreated positive controls. Antimicrobial treatments included daily intramuscular injection with 66,000 IU of procaine penicillin G per kg of body weight on days 8 to 10 (group 3), drinking water medication with 23.1 mg of tiamulin per kg during days 8 to 10 (group 4), and daily intramuscular injection of 5.0 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride per kg on days 8 to 10 (group 5). Vaccination regimen...

Research paper thumbnail of Immune responses and protection by vaccine and various vaccine adjuvant candidates to virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2006

Various vaccine adjuvant candidates were assessed with the modified-live porcine reproductive and... more Various vaccine adjuvant candidates were assessed with the modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (MLV PRRSV) (Ingelvac 1 PRRS MLV) vaccine. Their influence on humoral-mediated immune (HMI) and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses as well as protection from virulent PRRSV challenge (MN-184) was evaluated. Ninety seronegative pigs were randomly divided into nine groups of 10 pigs. One group received MLV vaccine alone. Five groups received MLV vaccine with either bacterial endotoxin-derived adjuvant (ET), mixed open reading frame 5 (ORF5) peptides derived from various PRRSV isolates, porcine interferon alpha (IFNa), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC), or porcine interleukin-12 (IL-12). One group did not receive MLV vaccine but was immunized with ORF5 peptides conjugated with cholera toxin (ORF5 peptide/CT). Two groups served as challenged and unchallenged non-vaccinated controls. Four-color flow cytometry was utilized to simultaneously identify three major porcine Tcell surface markers (CD4, CD8, and gd TCR) and detect activation marker CD25 (a chain of IL-2 receptor) or intracellular IFNg. The MLV PRRSV vaccine alone successfully primed CD4 À CD8 + gd À T-cells as demonstrated by a significant increase in %IFNg + cells when live PRRSV was used as a recall antigen. Booster immunizations of mixed ORF5 peptides and coadministration of IL-12 with MLV PRRSV vaccine significantly enhanced IFNg expression by some T-cell subsets (CD4 À CD8 + gd + and CD4 À CD8 À gd + for mixed ORF5 peptides and CD4 + CD8 + gd À and CD4 À CD8 + gd + for IL-12). All groups receiving MLV-vaccine with or without adjuvants had reduced lung lesions after challenge. The group immunized with only ORF5 peptide/CT did not have significant T-cell recall responses and was not protected from challenge. Expression of IFNg by several T-cell subsets correlated with reduced lung lesions and viremia, whereas expression of CD25 did not. Expression of www.elsevier.com/locate/vetimm Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 109 (2006) 99-115

Research paper thumbnail of Biology of porcine T lymphocytes

Animal Health Research Reviews, 2006

The present review concentrates on the biological aspects of porcine T lymphocytes. Their ontogen... more The present review concentrates on the biological aspects of porcine T lymphocytes. Their ontogeny, subpopulations, localization and trafficking, and responses to pathogens are reviewed. The development of porcine T cells begins in the liver during the first trimester of fetal life and continues in the thymus from the second trimester until after birth. Porcine T cells are divided into two lineages, based on their possession of the ab or gd T-cell receptor. Porcine ab T cells recognize antigens in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner, whereas the gd T cells recognize antigens in a MHC non-restricted fashion. The CD4 + CD8 7 and CD4 + CD8 lo T cell subsets of ab T cells recognize antigens presented in MHC class II molecules, while the CD4 7 CD8 + T cell subset recognizes antigens presented in MHC class I molecules. Porcine ab T cells localize mainly in lymphoid tissues, whereas gd T cells predominate in the blood and intestinal epithelium of pigs. Porcine CD8 + ab T cells are a prominent T-cell subset during antiviral responses, while porcine CD4 + ab T cell responses predominantly occur in bacterial and parasitic infections. Porcine gd T cell responses have been reported in only a few infections. Porcine T cell responses are suppressed by some viruses and bacteria. The mechanisms of T cell suppression are not entirely known but reportedly include the killing of T cells, the inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation, the inhibition of antiviral cytokine production, and the induction of immunosuppressive cytokines.

Research paper thumbnail of The effects of formulation on the immunostimulatory activity of dihydroheptaprenol

Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine, 2002

Holstein steer calves received a single injection of Miglyol (Sasol Chemical Industries, Ltd.) su... more Holstein steer calves received a single injection of Miglyol (Sasol Chemical Industries, Ltd.) subcutaneously as a placebo, dihydroheptaprenol (DHP) (4 mg/kg) emulsified with lecithin subcutaneously, DHP in solution in Miglyol (4 mg/kg) subcutaneously, or DHP in solution in Miglyol (4 mg/kg) intranasally. The DHP emulsified in lecithin emulsion administered subcutaneously caused a substantial increase in body temperature, total leukocyte count, total neutrophil count, neutrophil cytochrome-c reduction, and neutrophil iodination 24 hours after administration and, for some of the parameters, at 48 hours. The DHP formulation in Miglyol did not have any of these effects when administered subcutaneously or intranasally. The carrier and formulation of DHP apparently have major effects on the biologic activity of DHP.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficacy of antimicrobial treatments and vaccination regimens for control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Streptococcus suis coinfection of nursery pigs

Journal of clinical microbiology, 2000

Seventy-six, crossbred, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-free pigs wer... more Seventy-six, crossbred, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-free pigs were weaned at 12 days of age and randomly assigned to seven groups of 10 to 11 pigs each. Pigs in group 1 served as unchallenged controls. Pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of high-virulence PRRSV isolate VR-2385 (10(4.47) 50% tissue culture infective doses per 2 ml) on day 0 of the study (30 days of age). Seven days after PRRSV challenge, pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (10(8.30) CFU/2 ml). Group 2 pigs served as untreated positive controls. Antimicrobial treatments included daily intramuscular injection with 66,000 IU of procaine penicillin G per kg of body weight on days 8 to 10 (group 3), drinking water medication with 23.1 mg of tiamulin per kg during days 8 to 10 (group 4), and daily intramuscular injection of 5.0 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride per kg on days 8 to 10 (group 5). Vaccination regimen...