José L . Rubio - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by José L . Rubio
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2009
After initial presentations on a European Commission funded research project on global environmen... more After initial presentations on a European Commission funded research project on global environmental migration1 in 24 countries as well as some introduction into scenario development and alternative futures, participants discussed some of the issues related to migration. Migration is often not perceived to be caused by environmental reasons, not even by the migrants themselves. Indeed academically, the causal linkage is
A wide range of emerging pollutants have been identified in environment: antibiotics, hormones, p... more A wide range of emerging pollutants have been identified in environment: antibiotics, hormones, personal care products, etc. But quite recently a new class of ecological threat has been reported: the presence in waters of abuse drugs coming from human consumption [1,2]. Treatment of wastewaters may remove a portion of these compounds, but sometimes, these treatments are insufficient or nonexistent, residues
Rainfall-runoff conversion in western dry Mediterranean environments is a process needed of bette... more Rainfall-runoff conversion in western dry Mediterranean environments is a process needed of better understanding. It is commonly assumed that overland flow generation occurs whenever high intensity events are present, although a small fraction of the precipitation is ...
The objectives of the work are to assess the relevance of western Mediterranean wildfires in the ... more The objectives of the work are to assess the relevance of western Mediterranean wildfires in the context of northern hemisphere countries (North America, Europe and CIS countries) and to evaluate the type of causes and erosion effects using as study case the administrative area of the Valencian Community in Spain. To accomplish the first objective a downscaling procedure using statistical data have been developed based on two detail levels: (1) the most general analysis makes a temporal comparison (1991-2001) according to number of wildfires an burned area between the three northern hemisphere regions (North America, CIS countries and Europe); (2) the second analysis focus exclusively on European countries and the role of Mediterranean regions in such context, also based on number of fires and burned areas. For the second objective a specific analysis of an Administrative area in Eastern Spain has been developed. The methodology has been applied to the Autonomous Region of Valencia ...
A wide range of pharmaceutical compounds have been identified in the environment, and their prese... more A wide range of pharmaceutical compounds have been identified in the environment, and their presence is a topic of growing concern for human and ecological health. The antibiotics group are relevant in the formation of antibiotic resistances in pathogenic bacteria. Other pharmaceuticals, such as analgesics and lipid regulators, are consumed in large quantities and have been frequently found in high concentrations in several environmental compartments. LAlbufera Lake (Valencia, Spain) is a marsh area of a great interest because it is the habitat of a large quantity of unique species of flora and fauna, and a zone of refuge, feeding and breeding for a large number of migratory birds, because of that, was included in the RAMSAR network. However, this area is threatened by the tourist industry; urban, industrial, and agricultural pressures; and the disappearance of its marshes by transformation to rice or orchard fields. The aim of this work was to establish the occurrence and distribut...
Almenara Revista Extremena De Ciencias Sociales, 2013
Turismo. Autor de libros y estudios sobre el desarrollo rural de Extremadura y sobre el desarroll... more Turismo. Autor de libros y estudios sobre el desarrollo rural de Extremadura y sobre el desarrollo sostenible. Impulsor de las ciencias sociales en el ámbito regional y coordinador
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2009
... Historical records of the Mediterranean show a relationship between drought and the number of... more ... Historical records of the Mediterranean show a relationship between drought and the number of fires. The tremendous increase of forest fires in Portugal during 2003 and 2005 coincides with a long period of severe drought. ... Water Scarcity ...
Scientific and Technical Report, 2008
Compaction and structural degradation What is the state of soil compaction and structural degrada... more Compaction and structural degradation What is the state of soil compaction and structural degradation in Europe? Density (bulk density, packing density, total porosity) g cm-3 or t m-3 ; % CP01 Compaction and structural degradation What is the state of soil compaction and structural degradation in Europe? Air-filled pore volume at a specified suction % CP02 Causes of soil compaction What are the causes and circumstances that result in persistent compaction? Vulnerability to compaction (estimated) Classes CP06 Decline in Soil Biodiversity Key issue Key question Candidate indicator Unit ID Soil Salinisation Key issue Key question Candidate indicator Unit ID Soil Salinisation What is the vertical distribution of water soluble salts in the profiles of salt-affected soils in Europe? Landslides Key issue Key question Candidate Indicator Unit ID Landslide activity What is the status of landslide activity in Europe? Occurrence of landslide activity ha (or km 2) affected per ha (or km 2) LS01 Landslide activity What is the status of displaced material by landslide activity? Volume/weight of displaced material m 3 (or km 3) (or tonnes) of displaced material LS02 Vulnerability to landsliding What is the susceptibility of slope materials to landslide processes? Landslide hazard assessment Variable LS03
Sin duda, la Directiva Hábitats marcó un antes y un después en la legislación de conservación de ... more Sin duda, la Directiva Hábitats marcó un antes y un después en la legislación de conservación de la naturaleza comunitaria. Ciertamente, ya existía a nivel europeo el antecedente de la Directiva Aves de 1979 –aún hoy se agrupan ambas con la denominación de “Directivas de Naturaleza”– e igualmente existían otras iniciativas y convenios internacionales que atendían al hecho de que el medio natural no conoce de fronteras políticas y precisa de cooperación internacional para disponer de una naturaleza en buen estado de conservación que, entre otras cosas, pueda satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Un ejemplo era el Convenio de Berna, convenio relativo a la conservación de la vida silvestre y del medio natural en Europa, que de alguna forma supuso el precedente del que acabaría surgiendo la Directiva Hábitats.
International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2018
Soil is an integral component of the global environmental system that supports the quality and di... more Soil is an integral component of the global environmental system that supports the quality and diversity of terrestrial life on Earth. Therefore, it is vital to consider the processes and impacts of soil degradation on society, especially on the provision of environmental goods and services, including food security and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Scientific societies devoted to Soil Science play significant roles in promoting soil security by advancing scientific knowledge, education and environmental sustainability.
NATO Security Through Science Series
Desertification is a relatively new term but it is also an old issue in the European Mediterranea... more Desertification is a relatively new term but it is also an old issue in the European Mediterranean zone corroborated by the abundance of historical references highlighting the concern of different cultures on important land degradation processes in the region. The perception of this issue has been changing through time with periods of more environmental sensitivity and awareness alternating with periods of less attention and sensibility. In recent decades, a conceptual evolution has occurred, passing from a vaguely defined but real problem to a progressive assimilation and clarification of the physical and socio-economical processes involved, their factors, causes and also the impacts and consequences. In February 1994, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) came into being. The UNCCD dedicates one of its Annexes to the specific problems of affected countries of the Northern Mediterranean region. The regional Annex for the Mediterranean identifies the particular conditions of the region responsible for the threat of desertification processes. Among others, it specifies the semiarid conditions of the countries of this region (Spain has 63.5% of its territory affected by semiarid climatic conditions, Greece has 62%, Portugal 61.5%, Italy has 40% and France 16%), the seasonal droughts, the very high rainfall variability and sudden and high-intensity rainfall. The main factors and causes of desertification processes acting in Europe operate in different temporal and spatial contexts influencing the course of the natural processes involved in desertification. At the global scale, both natural (mainly atmospheric factors) and socioeconomic factors (economical, cultural and political) influence the desertification processes. At the European scale, the factors acting are essentially physiographic, meteorological, economic and cultural aspects, and operate over large areas (e.g. river basins, mountain massifs, coastal zones, etc.). At the local scale, the specific physiography, soil types and uses, cultural traditions and land management are relevant factors influencing the desertification processes. A review is presented on the efforts made to evaluate desertification at the global and European scales.
Science of The Total Environment, 2006
We integrated an index-based attenuation factor/retardation factor (AF/RF) model into a GIS to ev... more We integrated an index-based attenuation factor/retardation factor (AF/RF) model into a GIS to evaluate the risk of leaching of the most frequently applied herbicides (glyphosate, diuron, diquat, bromacil, simazine, linuron, terbuthylazine, and terbumeton) used in citrus orchards of the Valencia Community, Spain. The GIS-model system was applied to a region of 33,800 ha located near Valencia City. The soil and climate data required by the model were stored in an Arc/Info GIS in which the model algorithms were integrated using the AML programming language. A graphical user interface was developed to facilitate the use of the GIS-model system. The resulting simulation maps indicate that terbumeton, bromacil, and simazine herbicides have the highest risk of leaching because of their high mobility and low K oc (32-158 mg l − 1). The remaining herbicides are strongly adsorbed by clay particles and organic matter, thus minimising the risk of leaching through the soil profile and into groundwater. The obtained ranking of the leaching potential of analysed herbicides is as follows, from highest to lowest risk: terbumeton N bromacil N simazine N terbuthylazine N diuron N linuron N glyphosate N diquat.
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2011
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2001
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2013
ABSTRACT
Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, 2014
In this work, the temporal evolution of the incidence of fire on water erosion in a typical Medit... more In this work, the temporal evolution of the incidence of fire on water erosion in a typical Mediterranean forest environment has been evaluated. The effects of fire intensity on soil and its influence on water erosion have been studied on a permanent field station (La Concordia, Valencia, SPAIN) equipped with devices to study climatic, soil and water erosion parameters. This station has nine experimental plots (4 20 m) installed in a calcareous hillside representative of Mediterranean shrubland areas. Experimental burnings of two intensity levels (high and moderate) were carried out on two sets of three plots each. The remainder three plots were used as control. The impact of water erosion processes has been monitored for each rain event occurred before and after the experimental fire from April 1995 to December 2000. Runoff production and soil loss were measured in each rain event during this period in all plots. In the studied period 69 erosive rain events occurred, from them 55 p...
Hydrological Processes, 2010
An experimental study based on the effects of fire on soil hydrology was developed at the Experim... more An experimental study based on the effects of fire on soil hydrology was developed at the Experimental Station of "La Concordia" (Valencia, Spain). It is located on a calcareous hillside facing SSE and composed of nine erosion plots (4 x 20 m). In summer 2003, after eight years of soil and vegetation recovery from previous fires in 1995 (with three fire treatments: T1 high intensity fire, T2 moderate intensity, and T3 not burned), experimental fires of low intensity were again conducted on the plots already burned, to study the effects of repeated fires on the soil water infiltration, soil water content and runoff. Infiltration rates and capacities were measured by the mini-disk infiltrometer method (MDI), assessing the effects of vegetation cover by comparing the under canopy microenvironment (UC) and it´s absence on bare soil (BS), immediately before and after the fire experiments. Soil properties like water retention capacity (SWRC), and water content (SWC), were also determined for the different fire treatments (T1, T2 and T3) and micro-sites (UC and BS). Hydrological parameters, such as runoff and infiltration rate, were monitored at plot scale from July 2002 to July 2004. In the post-fire period, data displayed a 20% runoff increase and a decrease in infiltration (18%). Differences in the steady-state infiltration rate (SSI) and infiltration capacity (IC) were tested with the MDI on the different treatments (T1, T2 and T3), and between the UC and BS microsites of each treatment. After fire, the SSI of the UC soil declined from 16 mm h-1 to 12 mm h-1 on T1, and from 24 mm h-1 to 19 mm h-1 on T2. The IC was reduced by 2/3 in the T1 UC soil, and by half on T2 UC soil. On the bare soil of T1 and T2, the fire effect was minimal and higher infiltration rates and capacities were reached. Therefore, the presence/absence of vegetation when burnt influenced the post-burnt infiltration patterns at soil microscale. On the T3, different rates and capacities were obtained depending on the microsites (UC and BS), 2 with higher SSI (25 mm h-1) and IC (226 mm h-1) on BS than on UC (SSI of mm h-1 and IC of mm h-1). The SWRC and SWC were recovered from 1995 to 2003 (prior to the fires). The 2003 fire promoted high variability on the SWC at pF 0.1, 2 and 2.5, and the SWRC on burned soils were reduced. To summarise, the IC and SSI post-fire decreases, were related to the lower infiltration rate at plot scale, the significant differences in the SWRC between burnt and control treatments, and the increase in the runoff yield (20%). According to the results, the MDI was a useful tool to characterize the soil infiltration on the vegetation patches of the Mediterranean maquia, and contrary to other studies, on the UC soil, the infiltration rate and IC, when soil was dry, was lower than that obtained on BS. Once the soil gets wet, similar values were found on both microenvironments.
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2009
After initial presentations on a European Commission funded research project on global environmen... more After initial presentations on a European Commission funded research project on global environmental migration1 in 24 countries as well as some introduction into scenario development and alternative futures, participants discussed some of the issues related to migration. Migration is often not perceived to be caused by environmental reasons, not even by the migrants themselves. Indeed academically, the causal linkage is
A wide range of emerging pollutants have been identified in environment: antibiotics, hormones, p... more A wide range of emerging pollutants have been identified in environment: antibiotics, hormones, personal care products, etc. But quite recently a new class of ecological threat has been reported: the presence in waters of abuse drugs coming from human consumption [1,2]. Treatment of wastewaters may remove a portion of these compounds, but sometimes, these treatments are insufficient or nonexistent, residues
Rainfall-runoff conversion in western dry Mediterranean environments is a process needed of bette... more Rainfall-runoff conversion in western dry Mediterranean environments is a process needed of better understanding. It is commonly assumed that overland flow generation occurs whenever high intensity events are present, although a small fraction of the precipitation is ...
The objectives of the work are to assess the relevance of western Mediterranean wildfires in the ... more The objectives of the work are to assess the relevance of western Mediterranean wildfires in the context of northern hemisphere countries (North America, Europe and CIS countries) and to evaluate the type of causes and erosion effects using as study case the administrative area of the Valencian Community in Spain. To accomplish the first objective a downscaling procedure using statistical data have been developed based on two detail levels: (1) the most general analysis makes a temporal comparison (1991-2001) according to number of wildfires an burned area between the three northern hemisphere regions (North America, CIS countries and Europe); (2) the second analysis focus exclusively on European countries and the role of Mediterranean regions in such context, also based on number of fires and burned areas. For the second objective a specific analysis of an Administrative area in Eastern Spain has been developed. The methodology has been applied to the Autonomous Region of Valencia ...
A wide range of pharmaceutical compounds have been identified in the environment, and their prese... more A wide range of pharmaceutical compounds have been identified in the environment, and their presence is a topic of growing concern for human and ecological health. The antibiotics group are relevant in the formation of antibiotic resistances in pathogenic bacteria. Other pharmaceuticals, such as analgesics and lipid regulators, are consumed in large quantities and have been frequently found in high concentrations in several environmental compartments. LAlbufera Lake (Valencia, Spain) is a marsh area of a great interest because it is the habitat of a large quantity of unique species of flora and fauna, and a zone of refuge, feeding and breeding for a large number of migratory birds, because of that, was included in the RAMSAR network. However, this area is threatened by the tourist industry; urban, industrial, and agricultural pressures; and the disappearance of its marshes by transformation to rice or orchard fields. The aim of this work was to establish the occurrence and distribut...
Almenara Revista Extremena De Ciencias Sociales, 2013
Turismo. Autor de libros y estudios sobre el desarrollo rural de Extremadura y sobre el desarroll... more Turismo. Autor de libros y estudios sobre el desarrollo rural de Extremadura y sobre el desarrollo sostenible. Impulsor de las ciencias sociales en el ámbito regional y coordinador
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 2009
... Historical records of the Mediterranean show a relationship between drought and the number of... more ... Historical records of the Mediterranean show a relationship between drought and the number of fires. The tremendous increase of forest fires in Portugal during 2003 and 2005 coincides with a long period of severe drought. ... Water Scarcity ...
Scientific and Technical Report, 2008
Compaction and structural degradation What is the state of soil compaction and structural degrada... more Compaction and structural degradation What is the state of soil compaction and structural degradation in Europe? Density (bulk density, packing density, total porosity) g cm-3 or t m-3 ; % CP01 Compaction and structural degradation What is the state of soil compaction and structural degradation in Europe? Air-filled pore volume at a specified suction % CP02 Causes of soil compaction What are the causes and circumstances that result in persistent compaction? Vulnerability to compaction (estimated) Classes CP06 Decline in Soil Biodiversity Key issue Key question Candidate indicator Unit ID Soil Salinisation Key issue Key question Candidate indicator Unit ID Soil Salinisation What is the vertical distribution of water soluble salts in the profiles of salt-affected soils in Europe? Landslides Key issue Key question Candidate Indicator Unit ID Landslide activity What is the status of landslide activity in Europe? Occurrence of landslide activity ha (or km 2) affected per ha (or km 2) LS01 Landslide activity What is the status of displaced material by landslide activity? Volume/weight of displaced material m 3 (or km 3) (or tonnes) of displaced material LS02 Vulnerability to landsliding What is the susceptibility of slope materials to landslide processes? Landslide hazard assessment Variable LS03
Sin duda, la Directiva Hábitats marcó un antes y un después en la legislación de conservación de ... more Sin duda, la Directiva Hábitats marcó un antes y un después en la legislación de conservación de la naturaleza comunitaria. Ciertamente, ya existía a nivel europeo el antecedente de la Directiva Aves de 1979 –aún hoy se agrupan ambas con la denominación de “Directivas de Naturaleza”– e igualmente existían otras iniciativas y convenios internacionales que atendían al hecho de que el medio natural no conoce de fronteras políticas y precisa de cooperación internacional para disponer de una naturaleza en buen estado de conservación que, entre otras cosas, pueda satisfacer las necesidades humanas. Un ejemplo era el Convenio de Berna, convenio relativo a la conservación de la vida silvestre y del medio natural en Europa, que de alguna forma supuso el precedente del que acabaría surgiendo la Directiva Hábitats.
International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 2018
Soil is an integral component of the global environmental system that supports the quality and di... more Soil is an integral component of the global environmental system that supports the quality and diversity of terrestrial life on Earth. Therefore, it is vital to consider the processes and impacts of soil degradation on society, especially on the provision of environmental goods and services, including food security and climate change mitigation and adaptation. Scientific societies devoted to Soil Science play significant roles in promoting soil security by advancing scientific knowledge, education and environmental sustainability.
NATO Security Through Science Series
Desertification is a relatively new term but it is also an old issue in the European Mediterranea... more Desertification is a relatively new term but it is also an old issue in the European Mediterranean zone corroborated by the abundance of historical references highlighting the concern of different cultures on important land degradation processes in the region. The perception of this issue has been changing through time with periods of more environmental sensitivity and awareness alternating with periods of less attention and sensibility. In recent decades, a conceptual evolution has occurred, passing from a vaguely defined but real problem to a progressive assimilation and clarification of the physical and socio-economical processes involved, their factors, causes and also the impacts and consequences. In February 1994, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) came into being. The UNCCD dedicates one of its Annexes to the specific problems of affected countries of the Northern Mediterranean region. The regional Annex for the Mediterranean identifies the particular conditions of the region responsible for the threat of desertification processes. Among others, it specifies the semiarid conditions of the countries of this region (Spain has 63.5% of its territory affected by semiarid climatic conditions, Greece has 62%, Portugal 61.5%, Italy has 40% and France 16%), the seasonal droughts, the very high rainfall variability and sudden and high-intensity rainfall. The main factors and causes of desertification processes acting in Europe operate in different temporal and spatial contexts influencing the course of the natural processes involved in desertification. At the global scale, both natural (mainly atmospheric factors) and socioeconomic factors (economical, cultural and political) influence the desertification processes. At the European scale, the factors acting are essentially physiographic, meteorological, economic and cultural aspects, and operate over large areas (e.g. river basins, mountain massifs, coastal zones, etc.). At the local scale, the specific physiography, soil types and uses, cultural traditions and land management are relevant factors influencing the desertification processes. A review is presented on the efforts made to evaluate desertification at the global and European scales.
Science of The Total Environment, 2006
We integrated an index-based attenuation factor/retardation factor (AF/RF) model into a GIS to ev... more We integrated an index-based attenuation factor/retardation factor (AF/RF) model into a GIS to evaluate the risk of leaching of the most frequently applied herbicides (glyphosate, diuron, diquat, bromacil, simazine, linuron, terbuthylazine, and terbumeton) used in citrus orchards of the Valencia Community, Spain. The GIS-model system was applied to a region of 33,800 ha located near Valencia City. The soil and climate data required by the model were stored in an Arc/Info GIS in which the model algorithms were integrated using the AML programming language. A graphical user interface was developed to facilitate the use of the GIS-model system. The resulting simulation maps indicate that terbumeton, bromacil, and simazine herbicides have the highest risk of leaching because of their high mobility and low K oc (32-158 mg l − 1). The remaining herbicides are strongly adsorbed by clay particles and organic matter, thus minimising the risk of leaching through the soil profile and into groundwater. The obtained ranking of the leaching potential of analysed herbicides is as follows, from highest to lowest risk: terbumeton N bromacil N simazine N terbuthylazine N diuron N linuron N glyphosate N diquat.
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2011
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2001
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2013
ABSTRACT
Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, 2014
In this work, the temporal evolution of the incidence of fire on water erosion in a typical Medit... more In this work, the temporal evolution of the incidence of fire on water erosion in a typical Mediterranean forest environment has been evaluated. The effects of fire intensity on soil and its influence on water erosion have been studied on a permanent field station (La Concordia, Valencia, SPAIN) equipped with devices to study climatic, soil and water erosion parameters. This station has nine experimental plots (4 20 m) installed in a calcareous hillside representative of Mediterranean shrubland areas. Experimental burnings of two intensity levels (high and moderate) were carried out on two sets of three plots each. The remainder three plots were used as control. The impact of water erosion processes has been monitored for each rain event occurred before and after the experimental fire from April 1995 to December 2000. Runoff production and soil loss were measured in each rain event during this period in all plots. In the studied period 69 erosive rain events occurred, from them 55 p...
Hydrological Processes, 2010
An experimental study based on the effects of fire on soil hydrology was developed at the Experim... more An experimental study based on the effects of fire on soil hydrology was developed at the Experimental Station of "La Concordia" (Valencia, Spain). It is located on a calcareous hillside facing SSE and composed of nine erosion plots (4 x 20 m). In summer 2003, after eight years of soil and vegetation recovery from previous fires in 1995 (with three fire treatments: T1 high intensity fire, T2 moderate intensity, and T3 not burned), experimental fires of low intensity were again conducted on the plots already burned, to study the effects of repeated fires on the soil water infiltration, soil water content and runoff. Infiltration rates and capacities were measured by the mini-disk infiltrometer method (MDI), assessing the effects of vegetation cover by comparing the under canopy microenvironment (UC) and it´s absence on bare soil (BS), immediately before and after the fire experiments. Soil properties like water retention capacity (SWRC), and water content (SWC), were also determined for the different fire treatments (T1, T2 and T3) and micro-sites (UC and BS). Hydrological parameters, such as runoff and infiltration rate, were monitored at plot scale from July 2002 to July 2004. In the post-fire period, data displayed a 20% runoff increase and a decrease in infiltration (18%). Differences in the steady-state infiltration rate (SSI) and infiltration capacity (IC) were tested with the MDI on the different treatments (T1, T2 and T3), and between the UC and BS microsites of each treatment. After fire, the SSI of the UC soil declined from 16 mm h-1 to 12 mm h-1 on T1, and from 24 mm h-1 to 19 mm h-1 on T2. The IC was reduced by 2/3 in the T1 UC soil, and by half on T2 UC soil. On the bare soil of T1 and T2, the fire effect was minimal and higher infiltration rates and capacities were reached. Therefore, the presence/absence of vegetation when burnt influenced the post-burnt infiltration patterns at soil microscale. On the T3, different rates and capacities were obtained depending on the microsites (UC and BS), 2 with higher SSI (25 mm h-1) and IC (226 mm h-1) on BS than on UC (SSI of mm h-1 and IC of mm h-1). The SWRC and SWC were recovered from 1995 to 2003 (prior to the fires). The 2003 fire promoted high variability on the SWC at pF 0.1, 2 and 2.5, and the SWRC on burned soils were reduced. To summarise, the IC and SSI post-fire decreases, were related to the lower infiltration rate at plot scale, the significant differences in the SWRC between burnt and control treatments, and the increase in the runoff yield (20%). According to the results, the MDI was a useful tool to characterize the soil infiltration on the vegetation patches of the Mediterranean maquia, and contrary to other studies, on the UC soil, the infiltration rate and IC, when soil was dry, was lower than that obtained on BS. Once the soil gets wet, similar values were found on both microenvironments.