Jamal Shakor - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jamal Shakor

Erbil journal of nursing and midwifery, May 30, 2022

Background and objective: COVID-19 illness is a serious public health concern worldwide. The peop... more Background and objective: COVID-19 illness is a serious public health concern worldwide. The people in Iraqi Kurdistan have little knowledge about Coronaviruses. It was noticed that in the Kurdistan Region, the COVID-19 infection was not dealt with as required in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practice. This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge and attitudes of Kurdish people in addition to their practices concerning COVID-19. Methods: This study adopted an online cross-sectional survey design and was conducted from March 23 to April 2, 2020, to collect data from Iraqi Kurdistan Region citizens who were asked about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19. Results: The majority of the study participants were young and male (62.5%). Most respondents (92.9%) were optimistic that the government could take necessary procedures to reduce the risks of COVID-19 infection. Less than half of the participants wore masks and gloves when they left home (41.4%, 45.1% males and females respectively). Most of the participants had good knowledge (74%), and good practice (64.6%), and the vast majority had a positive attitude (98.1%) concerning COVID-19. Conclusions: Less than half of the participants who got engaged in this study wore masks and gloves whenever they went out. Hereby, the participants are to be provided with an extensive health education program so they can increase their awareness of COVID-19 infection.

Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic can lead to terrific condition among healthcare worker... more Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic can lead to terrific condition among healthcare workers (HCWs) and severe stress reactions can raise the risk of secondary trauma. The aim of this study was determine the psychological burden of the COVID-19 outbreak on HCWs. The cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted online from September 1 to September 18, 2020. Online questionnaires employing scales including the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and perceived stress scale (PSS-10) were used to investigate anxiety, depression, and stress. This study has shown that percentage of severe anxiety, stress, and depression were (22%), (3.9%), and (11%) respectively among HCWs. There was a significant association of PHQ score with age, gender, marital status, number of children, kind of employment, and work experiences. GAD score was found to have a significant relationship (P = 0.05) with gender, job title, and healthcare experiences in this ...

Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Background: In Iraq, early detection and downstaging of breast cancer programs were launched to c... more Background: In Iraq, early detection and downstaging of breast cancer programs were launched to control breast cancer (BC) in 2000. In the program model, mammography is conducted for normal and symptomatic women. This study aims to assess the program's model effectiveness in terms of mammography cancer detection rates and other screening determinates in the Iraqi Early Detection Program. Method: This is a retrospective study based on data from the Breast Disease Treatment Centre (BDTC) in Sulaimani, Iraq. From September 2016 to August 2021, 35,045 women visited the centre for BC screening and diagnosis of breast disorders. In BDTC, 16,186 mammograms and 1,289 biopsies were conducted, and 404 women were diagnosed with BC. This study measured the percentage of women who visited BDTC for screening, the women's ages at diagnosis, the cancer detection rate (BC per 1,000 women visiting), the mammography detection rate (BC per 1,000 mammograms) and the percentage of positive core biopsies. Results: The cancer detection rate (CDR) in 1,000 women was 11.53, the overall mammography detection rate was 24.96, and the highest rate was observed in 2018 (42.2). The overall percentage of positive core biopsies was 31.34%. The highest percentage biopsy rate was in 2017 (43.84%). From 2016 to 2021, the percentage of visits for screening increased gradually, rising from 9.5% to 28.6%. Conclusion: The early detection program in Iraq is considered effective in terms of high mammography cancer detection rates and the percentage of positive biopsies. Compared to the previous data, more women participated in the program for screening than for diagnosis.

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2019

Advanced medical journal

Background & Objectives: Coronaviruses disease 2019 is a serious public health concern worldwide.... more Background & Objectives: Coronaviruses disease 2019 is a serious public health concern worldwide. The major style of a person is not identical to another person’s style in extensive areas including Iraqi Kurdistan where people have little knowledge about Coronaviruses. It is noticed that Coronavirus infection is not dealt with as required in terms of the expressed knowledge, attitudes and the practice taken. This study aimed at finding out the level of knowledge and attitudes of Kurdish people in addition to their practices concerning Coronaviruses. Methods: This study adopted an online cross-sectional survey design from March 23 to April 2, 2020 to collect data from Iraqi Kurdistan Region citizens who willingly took part in this survey and have been asked to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices in terms of Corona virus. Results: The majority of the study participants were young and male gender (62.5%). Majority of respondents (92.9%) were optimistic that the government coul...

Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Background and aim: anxiety disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders that near... more Background and aim: anxiety disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders that nearly one-third of the population is being affected by an anxiety disorder during their life. Psychoeducation has been used as the main anxiety management for patient diagnosed with anxiety disorder. The aim of the study to asses effectiveness of psycho-educational program among patients diagnosed with anxiety. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was carried out on 82 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder. The patients attended a knowledge-based psycho-educational program, and anxiety level was measured using the Zang anxiety self-rating scale in pre-post-intervention status. The data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version (23). Results: this study has demonstrated that anxiety was high among female (67.1%) and high educated (44.9%) comparatively. The study has also indicated that psychoeducation program has significant impact on decreasing the anxiety severity. The percentage of severe anxiety in pre-intervention state was (40.2%), mild and moderate anxiety level was (9.8%) and (50%) respectively, while in post-intervention status, severe anxiety level was (20.7%), mild and moderate anxiety level were (15.9%), (63.4%) respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that psych-education intervention could significantly reduce level of anxiety among anxiety patients. The impact of a psychiatric education program is primarily due to increased knowledge about anxiety and improved problem-solving skills for anxiety sufferers. Anxiety was observed less frequent in male, single and less educated, while anxiety was more severe comparatively.

Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, therefore; they had negative... more Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, therefore; they had negative effect on quality of life of affected patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess health related to quality of life of hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients through measuring their socioeconomic status, medical conditioning and co-morbidity. Methodology: This is cross sectional study that has been carried out in Kurdistan-Iraq. Health Survey Questionnaire, Short form-12 was used for measuring health related quality of life. Conventional sampling method was carried out for collecting of data. T-Test was used to analyze the data Result: Mean Health Survey Questionnaire, Short Form-12 score was 39.0±1.64, mean of physical component summary was 36.6±1.9 and mean of mental component summary of was 41.5±1.6. Health related quality of life among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients were poor in Kurdistan. On the other hand, poor health related quality of life was less observed in hypertension patients 39.7±1.7 as compared with diabetic patients 41.9±1.6. Participants who were female, elder, did not have spouse and did not have job and/or retired were significantly and negatively associated with poor health related quality of life. Conclusions: Health related quality of life among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients were poor in Kurdistan as compared with other countries. Included participants, who were female, elder, did not have spouse, did not have job and/or retired were significantly had poor health related quality of life. Recommendation: Further recommends study longitudinal for assessing components of health related quality of life in both diseases separately(hypertension and diabetes).

Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 2020

Background and objective: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important factors to de-termine... more Background and objective: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important factors to de-termine the success of a health care facility. It is a relative phenomenon, which evaluates the patients’ perceived needs, their expectations from a health system, and the experi-ence of health care. Patient satisfaction is the main goal today for most health care organi-zations, from hospitals to physician practices and other health care agencies. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction with the health care services provided by public and private hospitals in Erbil City. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability purposive sample of 450 patients (225 from public and 225 from private hospitals) who were seeking health care in hospitals in Erbil City. The data were collected between the 7th of January and 15th of November 2016 by direct interviews and filling of the standardized questionnaires (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18). Results and Discussion: M...

kufa Journal for Nursing sciences, 2015

Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, therefore; they had negative... more Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, therefore; they had negative effect on quality of life of affected patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess health related to quality of life of hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients through measuring their socioeconomic status, medical conditioning and co-morbidity. Methodology: This is cross sectional study that has been carried out in Kurdistan-Iraq. Health Survey Questionnaire, Short form-12 was used for measuring health related quality of life. Conventional sampling method was carried out for collecting of data. T-Test was used to analyze the data Result: Mean Health Survey Questionnaire, Short Form-12 score was 39.0±1.64, mean of physical component summary was 36.6±1.9 and mean of mental component summary of was 41.5±1.6. Health related quality of life among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients were poor in Kurdistan. On the other hand, poor health related quality of life was less observed in hypertension patients 39.7±1.7 as compared with diabetic patients 41.9±1.6. Participants who were female, elder, did not have spouse and did not have job and/or retired were significantly and negatively associated with poor health related quality of life. Conclusions: Health related quality of life among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients were poor in Kurdistan as compared with other countries. Included participants, who were female, elder, did not have spouse, did not have job and/or retired were significantly had poor health related quality of life. Recommendation: Further recommends study longitudinal for assessing components of health related quality of life in both diseases separately(hypertension and diabetes).

Eurasian Journal of Biosciences, 2020

Background: Hemodialysis has been taken a major role in prolonging survive of patient with end st... more Background: Hemodialysis has been taken a major role in prolonging survive of patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD) patient. The efficacy of hemodialysis may be improved by using the difference flux dialysis membranes and blood flow rates by considering their difference complications. This study aimed to know the assess dialysis adequacy in difference blood flow rates and low and high flux membranes. Subject and materials: The research method adopted for the study was a quasi-experimental design. The researchers selected 96 hemodialysis sessions from different patients. Two difference filters were used, and BFRs have been arranged from 200ml/min, 250ml/min, and 300ml/min. The clinical signs of the patient status were assessed and monitored during dialysis. Dialysis adequacy for difference flow rates were measured based on normalized treatment ratio (Kt/V) and urea reduction rate (URR). Results: Over 58 of participants were male, with the overall mean age was (51.40±13.64). Mea...

Indian Journal of Cancer, 2018

Background Low- and middle-income countries require to specify early detection programs and inter... more Background Low- and middle-income countries require to specify early detection programs and intervention models for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the performance efficacy of an Iraqi early detection model in terms of cancer detection rate (CDR) and the method of participation in this program. Materials and Methods Data from June 2007 to August 2016 was collected from the Breast Disease Treatment Center in the Sulaimani province in Iraq. A total of 40,491 women had registered at the center during that period for breast cancer screening, and cancer was detected in 793 women. Results The CDR of the Iraqi program was 8.2 per 1000 screened women, and that of the mammograms was 42.02 per 1000 mammograms. Women mostly participated in the program by the self-referral method (77.54%). Conclusion The performance of the Iraqi early detection model was effective with a high CDR, and most women participated by self-referral. This program could, therefore, be effective in low- and middle-income countries.

Journal of University of Human Development, 2016

There are around 8.64 million women in Iraq who need to maternal health. While, maternal health p... more There are around 8.64 million women in Iraq who need to maternal health. While, maternal health program in Iraq is considerably down regulated, the vertical national health program, maternal health, has been not monitored appropriately. The aim of this study was to determine the most essential preliminary indicators for monitoring maternal health program in Kurdistan/ Iraq, and to assess those technical challenges for computerizing the maternal health program of Kurdistan Regional Government. This is interventional hospital based study which was carried out in Darbandikhan district-Kurdistan State. An access database was developed for entering whole records of the maternal health program components data in the 200 mothers' file. And, we got staff belief about database. The study has shown that antenatal care visit record would be a good indicator for assessing maternal health program, when the program was computerized. And, the staff had a positive attitude to computerize the program. This database could accelerate the monitoring and evaluating the maternal health program in considering to indicators of the program.

Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2015

Introduction: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) caused by sharp objects are the most important issue i... more Introduction: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) caused by sharp objects are the most important issue in exposure of healthcare workers especially nurses to blood borne pathogens. Nursing and midwifery students are highly exposed to the risks as well when they perform clinical trainings. The present study aimed to determine frequency of those injuries and associated factors among nursing and midwifery students affiliated to Kerman University of medical Sciences. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study method was conducted to recruit 190 nursing and midwifery students who were training in clinical settings. The data was collected using Shiao questionnaire including demographic factors and 25 specific questions regarding history of needle stick and sharp object injuries and associated factors as well as vaccinating against hepatitis B. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software using Chi-square and regression tests. Results: The study demonstrated that 30.1% of the students experienced the injuries during the previous year and 42.2% were exposed to minimum one injury during their university education. Needle stick injuries were the most common sort of injuries (71.6%). 33.9% of them reported the accident. The most frequent reason of not reporting was their confident of absence of any serious infection in their patients. Most of student were vaccinated against hepatitis B (93.6%). Students in their second educational year had experienced the most injuries. There was no significant difference between nursing and midwifery students also between students in their internship or earlier clinical trainings considering the frequency of injuries. Conclusion: The study indicated a relatively high rate of needle stick and sharp objects injuries among nursing and midwifery students in Studies University. Although hepatitis B vaccinations was extensively predicted, but it is recommended to instruct the students to prevent the injuries and intervene appropriately after injuries.

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, 2016

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the two major inter-correla... more Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the two major inter-correlated risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, which considered as the major causes of morbidity and mortality. This study is set up to determine control rate, and the social demographic and health related behaviours risk factors in association with control rate in hypertensive and/or diabetes patients who are under treatment. Cross sectional study was carried out in this study. Data have been collected by well-trained paramedics through direct interviews using structured questionnaire with the participants. A conventional sampling which is one of the main types of non-probability method was used for collecting data. SPSS version 16 was used for analysing data. 338 patients were recruited into the study, 150(44.1%) of participant...

Drug adherence has been taken an imperative role in chronic disease therapy, because, adherence i... more Drug adherence has been taken an imperative role in chronic disease therapy, because, adherence is required in lifelong drug therapy, which is indicated for the most chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate adherence rate among chronic patients in relations to the demographic data, medical and health conditions in Kurdistan. The data have been collected depending on the designed questionnaire of the project and the eight items Morisky green scale (MMAS-8) for measuring adherence level. In this study, the high adherence level was 96(29.8%), and moderate and lower adherence level were, 163(50.6%) and 63(19.6%) respectively. The main causes of low adherence regarding to intentional behavior were patients feeling hassle and difficulty with treatment plan.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2020

The purpose of the current study was to estimate some of the blood components and electrolytes on... more The purpose of the current study was to estimate some of the blood components and electrolytes on renal failure patients. The hematological parameters included measurement of Total WBC count, Lymphocyte count (%), MID cell (%), Granulocyte (%), RBC count, HGB, HCT (%) and platelet count while the electrolyte aspect involved serum levels of Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride. Methods: In this study, some hematological and serum electrolyte of 30 patients with end-stage renal disease were measured before and after hemodialysis. Blood elements were detected by using the auto-analyzer system. Fujifilm-Dri-Chem NX500i analyzer was used to detect the serum level of electrolytes. Results: The current study showed that the dialysis had a clear effect on the blood elements, some hematological parameters increased includingMID cell (%), RBC count, HGB, HCT (%) However, Total WBC count, Lymphocyte and Granulocytedecreased after dialysis. Some serum electrolytes were analyzed, calcium and sodiumlevels increased significantly (P <0.05); however, potassium level decreased significantly (P <0.05) and chloride level was not changed after dialysis. Conclusions:This study provides additional support that the dialysis process has a direct impact on the blood components, physiological aspects and immune mechanisms of the human body.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2020

Background: The COVID-19 disease linked to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viru... more Background: The COVID-19 disease linked to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is a pandemic virus which has high fatality rate. Social gathering is being proposed as a risk factor for the disease. The aim of this study was to find out the level of Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Raparin district/Sulaimania governorate/ KGR, Iraq. Materialsand Methods: The Five hundred and two nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from different screening programsduring the second and third month of the year 2020. The samples randomly were collected from people who are in high-risk placesfor spreading COVID-19 such as petrol pump stations, markets, and pharmacy stores. Nuclear material was extracted using the PowerPrep TM Viral DNA/RNA Extraction kit(E0007). Real time PCR was used using PowerChek TM 2019-nCoV Real-time PCR kit. Results: The current studydemonstrated that the mean age of the screened population was 34.45±12.55,the majority of whom were male (81.7). The screened population was mostlyfrom Iraqi Kurdistan (68. 3%),while other samples were tested from the people who came back from other countries(20.2%). Overall surveyed people were asymptomatic and not presented with other morbidities. The prevalence of COVID-19 among the surveyed population was 4/1000 population. Conclusions:Through the results of the current study, our conclusion wasthat quarantine and social separation, in addition to the curfew, are the main factors in preventing and spreading infection with Coronavirus.

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance

PurposeThis study aims to find out the participation rate of women in the utilization of screenin... more PurposeThis study aims to find out the participation rate of women in the utilization of screening methods to determine the relationship of sociodemographic health characteristics and breast cancer (BC) awareness with the utilization of screening methods. The authors’ study aims to examine the relationship between women's belief and the utilization of screening methods.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted in three health centers from December 13, 2016 to June 12, 2017. A questionnaire was constructed for data collection about sociodemographic characteristics, screening awareness and medical and health background variables. Additionally, BC awareness measure and champion health belief model scales were used to measure women's perceptiveness about BC.FindingsDespite the awareness among 78.9% of women regarding clinical breast examination (CBE) as a screening method, only 9.5% women utilized it for screening. Due to prescription by physicians for dia...

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

Background: Women in developing countries usually delay in presenting their symptoms as a part of... more Background: Women in developing countries usually delay in presenting their symptoms as a part of the early diagnosis program. This study was conducted for analyzing the reason of patient's delay and its relation with socioeconomic and health conditions, knowledge, and women's belief about breast cancer (BC). Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional design in the early detection center in Kurdistan (North Iraq). Women were interviewed about socioeconomic and health background, knowledge, and belief about BC. Results: The median of patient delay in the BC symptomatic women in this study was higher (30 days) as compared with developed countries. Patient delay was longer in women who were widows, had a barely self-perceived economic status, and had chronic diseases. There was a significant relationship of patient delay with women's health motivation and perceived barrier to seeking medical care. Conclusions: Health promotion program should emphasize on the women's motivation about early diagnosis and seeking to early detection.

Erbil journal of nursing and midwifery, May 30, 2022

Background and objective: COVID-19 illness is a serious public health concern worldwide. The peop... more Background and objective: COVID-19 illness is a serious public health concern worldwide. The people in Iraqi Kurdistan have little knowledge about Coronaviruses. It was noticed that in the Kurdistan Region, the COVID-19 infection was not dealt with as required in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practice. This study aimed to identify the level of knowledge and attitudes of Kurdish people in addition to their practices concerning COVID-19. Methods: This study adopted an online cross-sectional survey design and was conducted from March 23 to April 2, 2020, to collect data from Iraqi Kurdistan Region citizens who were asked about their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19. Results: The majority of the study participants were young and male (62.5%). Most respondents (92.9%) were optimistic that the government could take necessary procedures to reduce the risks of COVID-19 infection. Less than half of the participants wore masks and gloves when they left home (41.4%, 45.1% males and females respectively). Most of the participants had good knowledge (74%), and good practice (64.6%), and the vast majority had a positive attitude (98.1%) concerning COVID-19. Conclusions: Less than half of the participants who got engaged in this study wore masks and gloves whenever they went out. Hereby, the participants are to be provided with an extensive health education program so they can increase their awareness of COVID-19 infection.

Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic can lead to terrific condition among healthcare worker... more Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic can lead to terrific condition among healthcare workers (HCWs) and severe stress reactions can raise the risk of secondary trauma. The aim of this study was determine the psychological burden of the COVID-19 outbreak on HCWs. The cross-sectional quantitative survey was conducted online from September 1 to September 18, 2020. Online questionnaires employing scales including the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and perceived stress scale (PSS-10) were used to investigate anxiety, depression, and stress. This study has shown that percentage of severe anxiety, stress, and depression were (22%), (3.9%), and (11%) respectively among HCWs. There was a significant association of PHQ score with age, gender, marital status, number of children, kind of employment, and work experiences. GAD score was found to have a significant relationship (P = 0.05) with gender, job title, and healthcare experiences in this ...

Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Background: In Iraq, early detection and downstaging of breast cancer programs were launched to c... more Background: In Iraq, early detection and downstaging of breast cancer programs were launched to control breast cancer (BC) in 2000. In the program model, mammography is conducted for normal and symptomatic women. This study aims to assess the program's model effectiveness in terms of mammography cancer detection rates and other screening determinates in the Iraqi Early Detection Program. Method: This is a retrospective study based on data from the Breast Disease Treatment Centre (BDTC) in Sulaimani, Iraq. From September 2016 to August 2021, 35,045 women visited the centre for BC screening and diagnosis of breast disorders. In BDTC, 16,186 mammograms and 1,289 biopsies were conducted, and 404 women were diagnosed with BC. This study measured the percentage of women who visited BDTC for screening, the women's ages at diagnosis, the cancer detection rate (BC per 1,000 women visiting), the mammography detection rate (BC per 1,000 mammograms) and the percentage of positive core biopsies. Results: The cancer detection rate (CDR) in 1,000 women was 11.53, the overall mammography detection rate was 24.96, and the highest rate was observed in 2018 (42.2). The overall percentage of positive core biopsies was 31.34%. The highest percentage biopsy rate was in 2017 (43.84%). From 2016 to 2021, the percentage of visits for screening increased gradually, rising from 9.5% to 28.6%. Conclusion: The early detection program in Iraq is considered effective in terms of high mammography cancer detection rates and the percentage of positive biopsies. Compared to the previous data, more women participated in the program for screening than for diagnosis.

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2019

Advanced medical journal

Background & Objectives: Coronaviruses disease 2019 is a serious public health concern worldwide.... more Background & Objectives: Coronaviruses disease 2019 is a serious public health concern worldwide. The major style of a person is not identical to another person’s style in extensive areas including Iraqi Kurdistan where people have little knowledge about Coronaviruses. It is noticed that Coronavirus infection is not dealt with as required in terms of the expressed knowledge, attitudes and the practice taken. This study aimed at finding out the level of knowledge and attitudes of Kurdish people in addition to their practices concerning Coronaviruses. Methods: This study adopted an online cross-sectional survey design from March 23 to April 2, 2020 to collect data from Iraqi Kurdistan Region citizens who willingly took part in this survey and have been asked to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices in terms of Corona virus. Results: The majority of the study participants were young and male gender (62.5%). Majority of respondents (92.9%) were optimistic that the government coul...

Passer Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Background and aim: anxiety disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders that near... more Background and aim: anxiety disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric disorders that nearly one-third of the population is being affected by an anxiety disorder during their life. Psychoeducation has been used as the main anxiety management for patient diagnosed with anxiety disorder. The aim of the study to asses effectiveness of psycho-educational program among patients diagnosed with anxiety. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was carried out on 82 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorder. The patients attended a knowledge-based psycho-educational program, and anxiety level was measured using the Zang anxiety self-rating scale in pre-post-intervention status. The data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version (23). Results: this study has demonstrated that anxiety was high among female (67.1%) and high educated (44.9%) comparatively. The study has also indicated that psychoeducation program has significant impact on decreasing the anxiety severity. The percentage of severe anxiety in pre-intervention state was (40.2%), mild and moderate anxiety level was (9.8%) and (50%) respectively, while in post-intervention status, severe anxiety level was (20.7%), mild and moderate anxiety level were (15.9%), (63.4%) respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that psych-education intervention could significantly reduce level of anxiety among anxiety patients. The impact of a psychiatric education program is primarily due to increased knowledge about anxiety and improved problem-solving skills for anxiety sufferers. Anxiety was observed less frequent in male, single and less educated, while anxiety was more severe comparatively.

Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, therefore; they had negative... more Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, therefore; they had negative effect on quality of life of affected patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess health related to quality of life of hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients through measuring their socioeconomic status, medical conditioning and co-morbidity. Methodology: This is cross sectional study that has been carried out in Kurdistan-Iraq. Health Survey Questionnaire, Short form-12 was used for measuring health related quality of life. Conventional sampling method was carried out for collecting of data. T-Test was used to analyze the data Result: Mean Health Survey Questionnaire, Short Form-12 score was 39.0±1.64, mean of physical component summary was 36.6±1.9 and mean of mental component summary of was 41.5±1.6. Health related quality of life among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients were poor in Kurdistan. On the other hand, poor health related quality of life was less observed in hypertension patients 39.7±1.7 as compared with diabetic patients 41.9±1.6. Participants who were female, elder, did not have spouse and did not have job and/or retired were significantly and negatively associated with poor health related quality of life. Conclusions: Health related quality of life among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients were poor in Kurdistan as compared with other countries. Included participants, who were female, elder, did not have spouse, did not have job and/or retired were significantly had poor health related quality of life. Recommendation: Further recommends study longitudinal for assessing components of health related quality of life in both diseases separately(hypertension and diabetes).

Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 2020

Background and objective: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important factors to de-termine... more Background and objective: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important factors to de-termine the success of a health care facility. It is a relative phenomenon, which evaluates the patients’ perceived needs, their expectations from a health system, and the experi-ence of health care. Patient satisfaction is the main goal today for most health care organi-zations, from hospitals to physician practices and other health care agencies. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction with the health care services provided by public and private hospitals in Erbil City. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability purposive sample of 450 patients (225 from public and 225 from private hospitals) who were seeking health care in hospitals in Erbil City. The data were collected between the 7th of January and 15th of November 2016 by direct interviews and filling of the standardized questionnaires (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18). Results and Discussion: M...

kufa Journal for Nursing sciences, 2015

Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, therefore; they had negative... more Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases, therefore; they had negative effect on quality of life of affected patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess health related to quality of life of hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients through measuring their socioeconomic status, medical conditioning and co-morbidity. Methodology: This is cross sectional study that has been carried out in Kurdistan-Iraq. Health Survey Questionnaire, Short form-12 was used for measuring health related quality of life. Conventional sampling method was carried out for collecting of data. T-Test was used to analyze the data Result: Mean Health Survey Questionnaire, Short Form-12 score was 39.0±1.64, mean of physical component summary was 36.6±1.9 and mean of mental component summary of was 41.5±1.6. Health related quality of life among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients were poor in Kurdistan. On the other hand, poor health related quality of life was less observed in hypertension patients 39.7±1.7 as compared with diabetic patients 41.9±1.6. Participants who were female, elder, did not have spouse and did not have job and/or retired were significantly and negatively associated with poor health related quality of life. Conclusions: Health related quality of life among hypertensive and diabetes mellitus patients were poor in Kurdistan as compared with other countries. Included participants, who were female, elder, did not have spouse, did not have job and/or retired were significantly had poor health related quality of life. Recommendation: Further recommends study longitudinal for assessing components of health related quality of life in both diseases separately(hypertension and diabetes).

Eurasian Journal of Biosciences, 2020

Background: Hemodialysis has been taken a major role in prolonging survive of patient with end st... more Background: Hemodialysis has been taken a major role in prolonging survive of patient with end stage renal disease (ESRD) patient. The efficacy of hemodialysis may be improved by using the difference flux dialysis membranes and blood flow rates by considering their difference complications. This study aimed to know the assess dialysis adequacy in difference blood flow rates and low and high flux membranes. Subject and materials: The research method adopted for the study was a quasi-experimental design. The researchers selected 96 hemodialysis sessions from different patients. Two difference filters were used, and BFRs have been arranged from 200ml/min, 250ml/min, and 300ml/min. The clinical signs of the patient status were assessed and monitored during dialysis. Dialysis adequacy for difference flow rates were measured based on normalized treatment ratio (Kt/V) and urea reduction rate (URR). Results: Over 58 of participants were male, with the overall mean age was (51.40±13.64). Mea...

Indian Journal of Cancer, 2018

Background Low- and middle-income countries require to specify early detection programs and inter... more Background Low- and middle-income countries require to specify early detection programs and intervention models for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the performance efficacy of an Iraqi early detection model in terms of cancer detection rate (CDR) and the method of participation in this program. Materials and Methods Data from June 2007 to August 2016 was collected from the Breast Disease Treatment Center in the Sulaimani province in Iraq. A total of 40,491 women had registered at the center during that period for breast cancer screening, and cancer was detected in 793 women. Results The CDR of the Iraqi program was 8.2 per 1000 screened women, and that of the mammograms was 42.02 per 1000 mammograms. Women mostly participated in the program by the self-referral method (77.54%). Conclusion The performance of the Iraqi early detection model was effective with a high CDR, and most women participated by self-referral. This program could, therefore, be effective in low- and middle-income countries.

Journal of University of Human Development, 2016

There are around 8.64 million women in Iraq who need to maternal health. While, maternal health p... more There are around 8.64 million women in Iraq who need to maternal health. While, maternal health program in Iraq is considerably down regulated, the vertical national health program, maternal health, has been not monitored appropriately. The aim of this study was to determine the most essential preliminary indicators for monitoring maternal health program in Kurdistan/ Iraq, and to assess those technical challenges for computerizing the maternal health program of Kurdistan Regional Government. This is interventional hospital based study which was carried out in Darbandikhan district-Kurdistan State. An access database was developed for entering whole records of the maternal health program components data in the 200 mothers' file. And, we got staff belief about database. The study has shown that antenatal care visit record would be a good indicator for assessing maternal health program, when the program was computerized. And, the staff had a positive attitude to computerize the program. This database could accelerate the monitoring and evaluating the maternal health program in considering to indicators of the program.

Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research, 2015

Introduction: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) caused by sharp objects are the most important issue i... more Introduction: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) caused by sharp objects are the most important issue in exposure of healthcare workers especially nurses to blood borne pathogens. Nursing and midwifery students are highly exposed to the risks as well when they perform clinical trainings. The present study aimed to determine frequency of those injuries and associated factors among nursing and midwifery students affiliated to Kerman University of medical Sciences. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study method was conducted to recruit 190 nursing and midwifery students who were training in clinical settings. The data was collected using Shiao questionnaire including demographic factors and 25 specific questions regarding history of needle stick and sharp object injuries and associated factors as well as vaccinating against hepatitis B. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software using Chi-square and regression tests. Results: The study demonstrated that 30.1% of the students experienced the injuries during the previous year and 42.2% were exposed to minimum one injury during their university education. Needle stick injuries were the most common sort of injuries (71.6%). 33.9% of them reported the accident. The most frequent reason of not reporting was their confident of absence of any serious infection in their patients. Most of student were vaccinated against hepatitis B (93.6%). Students in their second educational year had experienced the most injuries. There was no significant difference between nursing and midwifery students also between students in their internship or earlier clinical trainings considering the frequency of injuries. Conclusion: The study indicated a relatively high rate of needle stick and sharp objects injuries among nursing and midwifery students in Studies University. Although hepatitis B vaccinations was extensively predicted, but it is recommended to instruct the students to prevent the injuries and intervene appropriately after injuries.

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, 2016

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the two major inter-correla... more Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the two major inter-correlated risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, which considered as the major causes of morbidity and mortality. This study is set up to determine control rate, and the social demographic and health related behaviours risk factors in association with control rate in hypertensive and/or diabetes patients who are under treatment. Cross sectional study was carried out in this study. Data have been collected by well-trained paramedics through direct interviews using structured questionnaire with the participants. A conventional sampling which is one of the main types of non-probability method was used for collecting data. SPSS version 16 was used for analysing data. 338 patients were recruited into the study, 150(44.1%) of participant...

Drug adherence has been taken an imperative role in chronic disease therapy, because, adherence i... more Drug adherence has been taken an imperative role in chronic disease therapy, because, adherence is required in lifelong drug therapy, which is indicated for the most chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate adherence rate among chronic patients in relations to the demographic data, medical and health conditions in Kurdistan. The data have been collected depending on the designed questionnaire of the project and the eight items Morisky green scale (MMAS-8) for measuring adherence level. In this study, the high adherence level was 96(29.8%), and moderate and lower adherence level were, 163(50.6%) and 63(19.6%) respectively. The main causes of low adherence regarding to intentional behavior were patients feeling hassle and difficulty with treatment plan.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2020

The purpose of the current study was to estimate some of the blood components and electrolytes on... more The purpose of the current study was to estimate some of the blood components and electrolytes on renal failure patients. The hematological parameters included measurement of Total WBC count, Lymphocyte count (%), MID cell (%), Granulocyte (%), RBC count, HGB, HCT (%) and platelet count while the electrolyte aspect involved serum levels of Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride. Methods: In this study, some hematological and serum electrolyte of 30 patients with end-stage renal disease were measured before and after hemodialysis. Blood elements were detected by using the auto-analyzer system. Fujifilm-Dri-Chem NX500i analyzer was used to detect the serum level of electrolytes. Results: The current study showed that the dialysis had a clear effect on the blood elements, some hematological parameters increased includingMID cell (%), RBC count, HGB, HCT (%) However, Total WBC count, Lymphocyte and Granulocytedecreased after dialysis. Some serum electrolytes were analyzed, calcium and sodiumlevels increased significantly (P <0.05); however, potassium level decreased significantly (P <0.05) and chloride level was not changed after dialysis. Conclusions:This study provides additional support that the dialysis process has a direct impact on the blood components, physiological aspects and immune mechanisms of the human body.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 2020

Background: The COVID-19 disease linked to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viru... more Background: The COVID-19 disease linked to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is a pandemic virus which has high fatality rate. Social gathering is being proposed as a risk factor for the disease. The aim of this study was to find out the level of Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Raparin district/Sulaimania governorate/ KGR, Iraq. Materialsand Methods: The Five hundred and two nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from different screening programsduring the second and third month of the year 2020. The samples randomly were collected from people who are in high-risk placesfor spreading COVID-19 such as petrol pump stations, markets, and pharmacy stores. Nuclear material was extracted using the PowerPrep TM Viral DNA/RNA Extraction kit(E0007). Real time PCR was used using PowerChek TM 2019-nCoV Real-time PCR kit. Results: The current studydemonstrated that the mean age of the screened population was 34.45±12.55,the majority of whom were male (81.7). The screened population was mostlyfrom Iraqi Kurdistan (68. 3%),while other samples were tested from the people who came back from other countries(20.2%). Overall surveyed people were asymptomatic and not presented with other morbidities. The prevalence of COVID-19 among the surveyed population was 4/1000 population. Conclusions:Through the results of the current study, our conclusion wasthat quarantine and social separation, in addition to the curfew, are the main factors in preventing and spreading infection with Coronavirus.

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance

PurposeThis study aims to find out the participation rate of women in the utilization of screenin... more PurposeThis study aims to find out the participation rate of women in the utilization of screening methods to determine the relationship of sociodemographic health characteristics and breast cancer (BC) awareness with the utilization of screening methods. The authors’ study aims to examine the relationship between women's belief and the utilization of screening methods.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted in three health centers from December 13, 2016 to June 12, 2017. A questionnaire was constructed for data collection about sociodemographic characteristics, screening awareness and medical and health background variables. Additionally, BC awareness measure and champion health belief model scales were used to measure women's perceptiveness about BC.FindingsDespite the awareness among 78.9% of women regarding clinical breast examination (CBE) as a screening method, only 9.5% women utilized it for screening. Due to prescription by physicians for dia...

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics

Background: Women in developing countries usually delay in presenting their symptoms as a part of... more Background: Women in developing countries usually delay in presenting their symptoms as a part of the early diagnosis program. This study was conducted for analyzing the reason of patient's delay and its relation with socioeconomic and health conditions, knowledge, and women's belief about breast cancer (BC). Methodology: This study used a cross-sectional design in the early detection center in Kurdistan (North Iraq). Women were interviewed about socioeconomic and health background, knowledge, and belief about BC. Results: The median of patient delay in the BC symptomatic women in this study was higher (30 days) as compared with developed countries. Patient delay was longer in women who were widows, had a barely self-perceived economic status, and had chronic diseases. There was a significant relationship of patient delay with women's health motivation and perceived barrier to seeking medical care. Conclusions: Health promotion program should emphasize on the women's motivation about early diagnosis and seeking to early detection.