J. Wilks - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by J. Wilks
Tourism in Marine Environments, 2005
Medical Journal of Australia, 1984
offered to a patient with a fatal illness. Human livertransplantationwasfirst undertaken in 1963&... more offered to a patient with a fatal illness. Human livertransplantationwasfirst undertaken in 1963' after a decadeof animal experimentation.' Its early "technicalsuccess" was not accompanied by prolonged survival. Appropriately, its experimental development remained in the hands of a smallnumber of research units for the next 20 years. During this period results gradually improved. Patients transplantedin Denver,USA,prior to July 1976hada 28% one-year survival. By December 1977this had improved to a 50% one-yearsurvival.' Complication rates were high and the path to survival difficult. By 1984 there had been 540 human liver transplantsperformed by the four pioneering units," With improvements in surgery and cyclosporin immunosuppression, survival has improved considerably in the last four years. Liver transplantation now offers a reasonable prospect of survival to people who would otherwise soon be dead. Results depend on the patient's age, the stage of hepatic decompensation and the cause of their liver damage; they are worst in adults with primarylivercancer (32.8%probability of one-year survival). Adults with cirrhosis have better prospects (44.9% one-year and 40.8% three-year survival). The best results in adults are in Budd-Chiari syndrome (77.8% one-year and 47.7% three-year survival). Results in infants and children are even better: transplantation for biliary atresia carries a 63.9% one-year survival; transplantation of cirrhosis due to metabolic diseases carries 65.5% one-year and 65.5% three-year survivals.' Clearly, the quality of survival is very important. There is no denying that the price paidfor survival isa highone. Major surgery and postoperative complications mean prolonged hospitalization and periods in intensive care. Children undergoing liver transplantationspend a mean of 6.4 days in intensive care' and 54 days in hospital. The emotional cost to patients, families and staff is high.v' Children who survive the operative period must remain on immunosuppressive therapy indefinitely. Despite this, their physical growth improves as a result of improved liver function. They grow normally and pass through a normal puberty.Mental development isnormal,and they attend normal kindergartens and schools. Eighty-five per cent of adults return to gainful employment, and women who have received liver transplants have successfully undertaken pregnancy and given birth to normal infants." Survival for up to 15 yearsafter liver transplantation has been recorded. Most patients who have survived one year after transplantation continue to survive. In our community it is the right and the responsibility of parents to decide whether their child should undergo treatments such as liver transplantation. Only rarely, when parentsclearlyfail repeatedly in their duties, does the community withdraw these rights and responsibilities via the courts. To make appropriatedecisions they need to be provided with all the informationavailable; it is the doctors' responsibility to provide this. Over the last 10 years I have discussed liver transplantation with the parents of over 50 childrenwith fatal liver disease. On each occasion they made an informed and considered decision. Onlyone childwas referred for liver transplantation. With the recent major improvements in survivaland a decrease in extent and severity of postoperative complications, more parents are now seeingliver transplantation as a realistic optionfor their child.Somenow determine to seek liver transplantation overseas, despitethe hugefmancial and emotional burden that such a trip adds. Liver transplantation imposes a high fmancial cost on the community. The University of Pittsburgh estimatesa cost of US$55 000 to 85000perpatient.TheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheStateofMassachusettsputthecostmuchhigher,atbetweenUS85000 per patient. The University of Minnesota and the State of Massachusetts put the cost much higher, at between US85000perpatient.TheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheStateofMassachusettsputthecostmuchhigher,atbetweenUS2oo 000 and $250000. Our communitymust now decide whether moneyshouldbe investedin liver transplantation. If it is to be done, there are very considerable advantages in cost if the surgery is done in Australia. Arnold L Smith,FRACP Department of Gastroenterology RoyalChildren's Hospital Parkville, VIC 3052 I. Starzl TE, Marchioro Tl., Von Kaulla KN, et aI. Homotransplantation of the liver in humans. Surg GynecolObstet 1963; 117: 659. 2. StarzlTE, Berhard VM, Cortes N, Benvenuto R. A technique for one-stage hepatectomy in dogs. Surgery 1959; 46: 880. 3. Scharschmidt BF. Human liver transplantation: analysis of data on 540 patients from four centers. Hepatology 1984; 4: 95S·10IS. 4. Riegle CM, Thompson AE, Gartner JC, et al. Intensive care unit coursefollowing pediatric hepatic transplantation. CritCareMed 1984; 12:220. 5. Gartner JC, Zitelli BJ, Malatack JJ, et al. Orthotopic liver transplantation in children: two year experience with 47 patients. Pediatrics 1984; 74: 140-145. 6. VanThielDH,Schade RR, StarzlTE. After20 years, livertransplantation comes of age.Ann lnt Med 1983; 99: 854-856. 7. HouseR, Dubovsky SL,Penn I. Psychiatric…
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1992
In 16 families, half of which had an alcoholic parent, both parents and an adolescent were videot... more In 16 families, half of which had an alcoholic parent, both parents and an adolescent were videotaped interacting with each other. Mothers, fathers and the adolescent in each family viewed the videotaped interaction and completed ratings of themselves and the other two family members on levels of anxiety, involvement, dominance and friendliness. In families with an alcoholic parent, adolescents and their mothers rated family members as less anxious than did adolescents and mothers in families without a drinking problem. Also mothers in the alcoholic families rated family members as being more involved, and their ratings were higher than mothers in other families. Alcoholic families rated parent-adolescent interactions as more dominant and friendlier. At least in these videotaped interactions where alcohol was not being consumed, mothers in alcoholic families adopted a more positive view of family members than mothers in other families. In addition, possibly due to the efforts of fathers not to drink and memories of interactions when he was drunk, alcoholic families perceived their family interactions as more dominant and friendlier than families without an alcohol-related problem.
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1992
This study examined the utility of monitoring adolescent drinking habits in order to assist the d... more This study examined the utility of monitoring adolescent drinking habits in order to assist the development of local drug education programmes. Drinking patterns are reported for a quota-sample of 1154 adolescents aged from 13 to 18 years in central Queensland. Results showed that the prevalence of drinking increased according to age, with 47% of 13-year-olds reporting that they have used alcohol (not just sips or tastes), through to 93% among the 18-year-old group. Older teenagers were more likely to report drinking in the past month and the past week, though their consumption patterns are very similar to young people in other studies. Locations for drinking varied with age, younger groups drinking more often in home settings while older groups enjoyed a greater range of public and private venues. Beverage preferences again showed some age and sex differences, but overall males expressed a preference for regular beer and spirits, while females reported a preference for spirits and wine coolers. The importance of conducting local research to address local needs is discussed.
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1992
The alcohol consumption of 120 male and female college students was measured as they viewed a 90-... more The alcohol consumption of 120 male and female college students was measured as they viewed a 90-min videotape of popular prime-time television programmes. Independent measures were the sex of the student, their drinker classification (light or moderate-heavy) and the number of alcohol advertisements (0, 6, 12) shown during the screening of the television programmes. Dependent measures were the number of drinks consumed, and the intentions of students to drive a motor vehicle after viewing the videotaped programmes. As predicted, males consumed more alcohol than females, and moderate-heavy drinkers consumed more than light drinkers. Male and female students who viewed six alcohol advertisements consumed more alcohol than students shown no alcohol advertisements or 12 alcohol advertisements. Analysis of intentions to drive after viewing the programmes revealed that the number of drinks consumed was not a significant covariate of driving intentions. Rather light drinkers of both sexes were less likely to intend to drive than moderate-heavy drinkers. Males exposed to alcohol advertisements were less likely to intend to drive than males who did not view alcohol advertisements. Different levels of exposure to alcohol advertisements did not influence the driving intentions of college females.
Drive Tourism: Trends and Emerging …, 2010
... The media pick up on individual stories with this 'at risk'group, with headlines su... more ... The media pick up on individual stories with this 'at risk'group, with headlines such as:'Drowned British tourist was completely drunk'(Times Online 2008), whereas, in terms of numbers, more visitors die in motor vehicle crashes each year. ...
There is no internationally accepted benchmark to determine whether a travel destination is safe ... more There is no internationally accepted benchmark to determine whether a travel destination is safe for overseas visitors. Among the key criteria that need to be considered is personal safety, especially the risk of accidental injury or death. This paper describes the most frequently occurring fatal accidents and serious injuries for tourists in Australia, and identifies English, American, Japanese and German visitors as most likely to be 'at risk'. The paper then identifies gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled in order for statements to be made about Australia as a safe destination. Current evidence suggests that the country is a very safe destination. However, strategies to prevent tourist accidents and protect Australia's reputation as a travel destination still need to be developed within a risk management framework.
Students undertaking Vocational Education and Training (VET) while still attending school now com... more Students undertaking Vocational Education and Training (VET) while still attending school now comprise an important and rapidly growing component of Australia's VET system, with numbers reaching in excess of 100 000 by the Year 2000, representing around 8% of Australia's vocational students (ANT A, 2002). Hospitality represents one of the largest sectors. With this growing popularity, finding suitably qualified teachers for school delivery of VET has become a pressing issue. This working paper provides some insights into a survey administered to hospitality teachers in Queensland that set out to characterise the nature of their work.
Tourism and Generation Y, 2009
... Children should always be accompanied in the water by an adult who can swim. ... If you find ... more ... Children should always be accompanied in the water by an adult who can swim. ... If you find yourself being caught in a rip, do not ● If you get into trouble in the ... provide ongoing opportunities and challenges ● Diversity is a strength and a reality ● Outcomes can be delivered ...
Managing Tourist Health and Safety in the New Millennium, 2003
Current Issues in Tourism, 2002
... Jeffrey Wilks Centre for Tourism and Risk Management, The University of Queensland, Australia... more ... Jeffrey Wilks Centre for Tourism and Risk Management, The University of Queensland, AustraliaDonna L. Pendergast School of Education, The ... cially decompression illness associated with scuba diving, are the main causes of tourist injuries requiring hospitalisation (Nicol et al ...
Tourism and Generation Y, 2010
... Child: Care, Health & Development 31 (5), 611613. Couch Surfing Project (200... more ... Child: Care, Health & Development 31 (5), 611613. Couch Surfing Project (2009) Available at: http://www. couchsurfing. com/ Davies, P.(2005) Younger travellers 'less likely'to be insured. Travel Mole News, 2 August. Available at: http://www. travelmole. com/stories/104665. ...
Tourism in Marine Environments, 2004
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1986
Journal of Travel Medicine, 2006
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1990
… in Australia: a …, 1993
Tourism and Generation Y, 2010
... Child: Care, Health & Development 31 (5), 611613. Couch Surfing Project (200... more ... Child: Care, Health & Development 31 (5), 611613. Couch Surfing Project (2009) Available at: http://www. couchsurfing. com/ Davies, P.(2005) Younger travellers 'less likely'to be insured. Travel Mole News, 2 August. Available at: http://www. travelmole. com/stories/104665. ...
Tourism in Marine Environments, 2005
Medical Journal of Australia, 1984
offered to a patient with a fatal illness. Human livertransplantationwasfirst undertaken in 1963&... more offered to a patient with a fatal illness. Human livertransplantationwasfirst undertaken in 1963' after a decadeof animal experimentation.' Its early "technicalsuccess" was not accompanied by prolonged survival. Appropriately, its experimental development remained in the hands of a smallnumber of research units for the next 20 years. During this period results gradually improved. Patients transplantedin Denver,USA,prior to July 1976hada 28% one-year survival. By December 1977this had improved to a 50% one-yearsurvival.' Complication rates were high and the path to survival difficult. By 1984 there had been 540 human liver transplantsperformed by the four pioneering units," With improvements in surgery and cyclosporin immunosuppression, survival has improved considerably in the last four years. Liver transplantation now offers a reasonable prospect of survival to people who would otherwise soon be dead. Results depend on the patient's age, the stage of hepatic decompensation and the cause of their liver damage; they are worst in adults with primarylivercancer (32.8%probability of one-year survival). Adults with cirrhosis have better prospects (44.9% one-year and 40.8% three-year survival). The best results in adults are in Budd-Chiari syndrome (77.8% one-year and 47.7% three-year survival). Results in infants and children are even better: transplantation for biliary atresia carries a 63.9% one-year survival; transplantation of cirrhosis due to metabolic diseases carries 65.5% one-year and 65.5% three-year survivals.' Clearly, the quality of survival is very important. There is no denying that the price paidfor survival isa highone. Major surgery and postoperative complications mean prolonged hospitalization and periods in intensive care. Children undergoing liver transplantationspend a mean of 6.4 days in intensive care' and 54 days in hospital. The emotional cost to patients, families and staff is high.v' Children who survive the operative period must remain on immunosuppressive therapy indefinitely. Despite this, their physical growth improves as a result of improved liver function. They grow normally and pass through a normal puberty.Mental development isnormal,and they attend normal kindergartens and schools. Eighty-five per cent of adults return to gainful employment, and women who have received liver transplants have successfully undertaken pregnancy and given birth to normal infants." Survival for up to 15 yearsafter liver transplantation has been recorded. Most patients who have survived one year after transplantation continue to survive. In our community it is the right and the responsibility of parents to decide whether their child should undergo treatments such as liver transplantation. Only rarely, when parentsclearlyfail repeatedly in their duties, does the community withdraw these rights and responsibilities via the courts. To make appropriatedecisions they need to be provided with all the informationavailable; it is the doctors' responsibility to provide this. Over the last 10 years I have discussed liver transplantation with the parents of over 50 childrenwith fatal liver disease. On each occasion they made an informed and considered decision. Onlyone childwas referred for liver transplantation. With the recent major improvements in survivaland a decrease in extent and severity of postoperative complications, more parents are now seeingliver transplantation as a realistic optionfor their child.Somenow determine to seek liver transplantation overseas, despitethe hugefmancial and emotional burden that such a trip adds. Liver transplantation imposes a high fmancial cost on the community. The University of Pittsburgh estimatesa cost of US$55 000 to 85000perpatient.TheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheStateofMassachusettsputthecostmuchhigher,atbetweenUS85000 per patient. The University of Minnesota and the State of Massachusetts put the cost much higher, at between US85000perpatient.TheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheStateofMassachusettsputthecostmuchhigher,atbetweenUS2oo 000 and $250000. Our communitymust now decide whether moneyshouldbe investedin liver transplantation. If it is to be done, there are very considerable advantages in cost if the surgery is done in Australia. Arnold L Smith,FRACP Department of Gastroenterology RoyalChildren's Hospital Parkville, VIC 3052 I. Starzl TE, Marchioro Tl., Von Kaulla KN, et aI. Homotransplantation of the liver in humans. Surg GynecolObstet 1963; 117: 659. 2. StarzlTE, Berhard VM, Cortes N, Benvenuto R. A technique for one-stage hepatectomy in dogs. Surgery 1959; 46: 880. 3. Scharschmidt BF. Human liver transplantation: analysis of data on 540 patients from four centers. Hepatology 1984; 4: 95S·10IS. 4. Riegle CM, Thompson AE, Gartner JC, et al. Intensive care unit coursefollowing pediatric hepatic transplantation. CritCareMed 1984; 12:220. 5. Gartner JC, Zitelli BJ, Malatack JJ, et al. Orthotopic liver transplantation in children: two year experience with 47 patients. Pediatrics 1984; 74: 140-145. 6. VanThielDH,Schade RR, StarzlTE. After20 years, livertransplantation comes of age.Ann lnt Med 1983; 99: 854-856. 7. HouseR, Dubovsky SL,Penn I. Psychiatric…
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1992
In 16 families, half of which had an alcoholic parent, both parents and an adolescent were videot... more In 16 families, half of which had an alcoholic parent, both parents and an adolescent were videotaped interacting with each other. Mothers, fathers and the adolescent in each family viewed the videotaped interaction and completed ratings of themselves and the other two family members on levels of anxiety, involvement, dominance and friendliness. In families with an alcoholic parent, adolescents and their mothers rated family members as less anxious than did adolescents and mothers in families without a drinking problem. Also mothers in the alcoholic families rated family members as being more involved, and their ratings were higher than mothers in other families. Alcoholic families rated parent-adolescent interactions as more dominant and friendlier. At least in these videotaped interactions where alcohol was not being consumed, mothers in alcoholic families adopted a more positive view of family members than mothers in other families. In addition, possibly due to the efforts of fathers not to drink and memories of interactions when he was drunk, alcoholic families perceived their family interactions as more dominant and friendlier than families without an alcohol-related problem.
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1992
This study examined the utility of monitoring adolescent drinking habits in order to assist the d... more This study examined the utility of monitoring adolescent drinking habits in order to assist the development of local drug education programmes. Drinking patterns are reported for a quota-sample of 1154 adolescents aged from 13 to 18 years in central Queensland. Results showed that the prevalence of drinking increased according to age, with 47% of 13-year-olds reporting that they have used alcohol (not just sips or tastes), through to 93% among the 18-year-old group. Older teenagers were more likely to report drinking in the past month and the past week, though their consumption patterns are very similar to young people in other studies. Locations for drinking varied with age, younger groups drinking more often in home settings while older groups enjoyed a greater range of public and private venues. Beverage preferences again showed some age and sex differences, but overall males expressed a preference for regular beer and spirits, while females reported a preference for spirits and wine coolers. The importance of conducting local research to address local needs is discussed.
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1992
The alcohol consumption of 120 male and female college students was measured as they viewed a 90-... more The alcohol consumption of 120 male and female college students was measured as they viewed a 90-min videotape of popular prime-time television programmes. Independent measures were the sex of the student, their drinker classification (light or moderate-heavy) and the number of alcohol advertisements (0, 6, 12) shown during the screening of the television programmes. Dependent measures were the number of drinks consumed, and the intentions of students to drive a motor vehicle after viewing the videotaped programmes. As predicted, males consumed more alcohol than females, and moderate-heavy drinkers consumed more than light drinkers. Male and female students who viewed six alcohol advertisements consumed more alcohol than students shown no alcohol advertisements or 12 alcohol advertisements. Analysis of intentions to drive after viewing the programmes revealed that the number of drinks consumed was not a significant covariate of driving intentions. Rather light drinkers of both sexes were less likely to intend to drive than moderate-heavy drinkers. Males exposed to alcohol advertisements were less likely to intend to drive than males who did not view alcohol advertisements. Different levels of exposure to alcohol advertisements did not influence the driving intentions of college females.
Drive Tourism: Trends and Emerging …, 2010
... The media pick up on individual stories with this 'at risk'group, with headlines su... more ... The media pick up on individual stories with this 'at risk'group, with headlines such as:'Drowned British tourist was completely drunk'(Times Online 2008), whereas, in terms of numbers, more visitors die in motor vehicle crashes each year. ...
There is no internationally accepted benchmark to determine whether a travel destination is safe ... more There is no internationally accepted benchmark to determine whether a travel destination is safe for overseas visitors. Among the key criteria that need to be considered is personal safety, especially the risk of accidental injury or death. This paper describes the most frequently occurring fatal accidents and serious injuries for tourists in Australia, and identifies English, American, Japanese and German visitors as most likely to be 'at risk'. The paper then identifies gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled in order for statements to be made about Australia as a safe destination. Current evidence suggests that the country is a very safe destination. However, strategies to prevent tourist accidents and protect Australia's reputation as a travel destination still need to be developed within a risk management framework.
Students undertaking Vocational Education and Training (VET) while still attending school now com... more Students undertaking Vocational Education and Training (VET) while still attending school now comprise an important and rapidly growing component of Australia's VET system, with numbers reaching in excess of 100 000 by the Year 2000, representing around 8% of Australia's vocational students (ANT A, 2002). Hospitality represents one of the largest sectors. With this growing popularity, finding suitably qualified teachers for school delivery of VET has become a pressing issue. This working paper provides some insights into a survey administered to hospitality teachers in Queensland that set out to characterise the nature of their work.
Tourism and Generation Y, 2009
... Children should always be accompanied in the water by an adult who can swim. ... If you find ... more ... Children should always be accompanied in the water by an adult who can swim. ... If you find yourself being caught in a rip, do not ● If you get into trouble in the ... provide ongoing opportunities and challenges ● Diversity is a strength and a reality ● Outcomes can be delivered ...
Managing Tourist Health and Safety in the New Millennium, 2003
Current Issues in Tourism, 2002
... Jeffrey Wilks Centre for Tourism and Risk Management, The University of Queensland, Australia... more ... Jeffrey Wilks Centre for Tourism and Risk Management, The University of Queensland, AustraliaDonna L. Pendergast School of Education, The ... cially decompression illness associated with scuba diving, are the main causes of tourist injuries requiring hospitalisation (Nicol et al ...
Tourism and Generation Y, 2010
... Child: Care, Health & Development 31 (5), 611613. Couch Surfing Project (200... more ... Child: Care, Health & Development 31 (5), 611613. Couch Surfing Project (2009) Available at: http://www. couchsurfing. com/ Davies, P.(2005) Younger travellers 'less likely'to be insured. Travel Mole News, 2 August. Available at: http://www. travelmole. com/stories/104665. ...
Tourism in Marine Environments, 2004
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1986
Journal of Travel Medicine, 2006
Drug and Alcohol Review, 1990
… in Australia: a …, 1993
Tourism and Generation Y, 2010
... Child: Care, Health & Development 31 (5), 611613. Couch Surfing Project (200... more ... Child: Care, Health & Development 31 (5), 611613. Couch Surfing Project (2009) Available at: http://www. couchsurfing. com/ Davies, P.(2005) Younger travellers 'less likely'to be insured. Travel Mole News, 2 August. Available at: http://www. travelmole. com/stories/104665. ...