Jaan Aftaab - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jaan Aftaab

European Journal of Heart Failure, 2011

Hypertension is one of the main drivers of the heart failure (HF) epidemic. The aims of this stud... more Hypertension is one of the main drivers of the heart failure (HF) epidemic. The aims of this study were to profile fibro-inflammatory biomarkers across stages of the hypertensive heart disease (HHD) spectrum and to examine whether particular biochemical profiles in asymptomatic patients identify a higher risk of evolution to HF. This was a cross-sectional observational study involving a population of 275 stable hypertensive patients divided into two different cohorts: Group 1, asymptomatic hypertension (AH) (n= 94); Group 2, HF with preserved ejection fraction (n= 181). Asymptomatic hypertension patients were further subdivided according to left atrial volume index ≥34 mL/m(2) (n= 30) and <34 mL/m(2) (n= 64). Study assays involved inflammatory markers [interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), and tumour necrosis factor α], collagen 1 and 3 metabolic markers [carboxy-terminal propeptide of collagen 1, amino-terminal propeptide of collagen 1, amino-terminal propeptide of collagen 3 (PIIINP), and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen 1 (CITP)], extra-cellular matrix turnover markers [matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)], and the brain natriuretic peptide. Data were adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and creatinine. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was associated with an increased inflammatory signal (IL6, IL8, and MCP1), an increased fibrotic signal (PIIINP and CITP), and an increased matrix turnover signal (MMP2 and MMP9). Alterations in MMP and TIMP enzymes were found to be significant indicators of greater degrees of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. These data define varying fibro-inflammatory profiles throughout different stages of HHD. In particular, the observations on MMP9 and TIMP1 raise the possibility of earlier detection of those at risk of evolution to HF which may help focus effective preventative strategies.

European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements, 2008

Irish Journal of Medical Science, 2011

Aim To examine the prognostic importance of absolute values and change in values of BNP in patien... more Aim To examine the prognostic importance of absolute values and change in values of BNP in patients with stable heart failure (HF). Methods Five-hundred and fifty-nine patients attending a disease management programme were categorized into tertiles of BNP (group 1; B95 pg/ml, group 2; 96-249 pg/ml and group 3; C250 pg/ml). A change in BNP between two stable visits was recorded. Patients were followed up for 1 year for death and a composite morbidity measure of HF hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, unscheduled visits for clinical deterioration(UC) of HF using survival analysis. Results The risk of the combined morbidity outcome increased with increasing tertiles of BNP (Log rank = 17.8 (2), p \ 0.001). Furthermore, a 50 and 25% increase in BNP predicted morbidity in stable HF patients with an initial BNP [ 200 pg/ml (p = 0.02) and [450 pg/ml (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusion In a stable community HF population, an elevated BNP or an increase in BNP predicts an adverse prognosis thereby potentially identifying a population in need of closer clinical follow-up.

Microfluidics and Nanofluidics

Heat and mass transfer analysis in magnetite molybdenum disulphide nanofluid of grade two is stud... more Heat and mass transfer analysis in magnetite molybdenum disulphide nanofluid of grade two is studied. MoS 2 powder with each particle of nanosize is dissolved in engine oil chosen as base fluid. A generalized form of grade-two model is considered with fractional order derivatives of Caputo and Fabrizio. The fluid over vertically oscillating plate is subjected to isothermal temperate and species concentration. The problem is modeled in terms of partial differential equations with sufficient initial conditions and boundary conditions. Fractional form of Laplace transform is used and exact solutions in closed form are determined for velocity field, temperature and concentration distributions. These solutions are then plotted for embedded parameters and discussed. Results for the physical quantities of interest (skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number) are computed in tables. Results obtained in this work are compared with some published results from the open literature.

Background: For controlling unwilling pregnancy, sustaining gorgeousness and good health, among t... more Background: For controlling unwilling pregnancy, sustaining gorgeousness and good health, among the elite level female athletes the use of contraceptive pills is quite common. Objective: Oxidative stress in female athletes is understudied. This research study was carried out in order to assess the alteration in metabolic rate of blood urea, bilirubin and oxidative stress induced by Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol (oral contraceptive pills). The outcome of the study Original Research Article Jan et al.; JPRI, 33(21B): 77-84, 2021; Article no.JPRI.66709 78 will reveal the impact of oral contraceptive pills on the overall health of the females. Methods: User and non-user of oral contraceptive pills were included as participants of the study. Sixty elite level female athletes using Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol were recruited as experimental group and twenty four female (non-users) as a control group were taken as sample of the study. Blood sample (5ml) was taken from all the ...

Alexandria Engineering Journal

Abstract The present article reports the applications of Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivati... more Abstract The present article reports the applications of Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivatives. This article generalizes the idea of free convection flow of Jeffrey fluid over a vertical static plate. The free convection is caused due to the temperature gradient. Therefore, heat transfer is considered for free convection. The classical model for Jeffrey fluid is written in dimensionless form with the help of non-dimensional variables. Furthermore, the dimensionless model is converted into a fractional model called as a generalized Jeffrey fluid model. The governing equations of generalized Jeffrey fluid model have been solved analytically using the Laplace transform technique. The recovery of existing solutions in the open literature is possible through this work in terms of classical Jeffrey fluid, fractional Newtonian fluid as well as classical Newtonian fluid. For various embedded parameters, the physics of velocity and temperature profiles is studied by means of numerical computation. This report provides a detailed discussion as well as a graphical representation of the obtained results.

Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations

The impact of magnetic field on Engine Oil based generalized Brinkman-type nanofluid over an osci... more The impact of magnetic field on Engine Oil based generalized Brinkman-type nanofluid over an oscillating vertical plate embedded in a porous medium is studied. Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) nanoparticles of spherical shape are suspended in Engine Oil, taken as conventional base fluid. Effect of thermal radiation in energy equation is also considered. A generalized model of Brinkman-type fluid is considered with newly introduced fractional derivatives known as Atangana-Baleanu Derivative (ABD) in the presence of heat transfer due to convection. Exact solution of the problem is determined by means of the Laplace transform. Expressions for velocity and temperature are obtained in terms of Mittag-Leffler and General Wright function. The effects of various pertinent parameters on velocity are portrayed and discussed graphically. Numerical results of rate of heat transfer are computed in tabular form. Which showed that increasing values of volume fraction and Prandtl number increase rate of heat transfer.

The European Physical Journal Plus, 2017

Abstract.Based on exponential kernel, Caputo and Fabrizio suggested a new definition for fraction... more Abstract.Based on exponential kernel, Caputo and Fabrizio suggested a new definition for fractional order derivatives in 2015. Recently, in 2016, Atangana and Baleanu proposed another version of fractional derivatives, which uses the generalized Mittag-Leffler function as the non-singular and non-local kernel. Moreover, the Atangana-Balaenu (AB) version has all properties of fractional derivatives. Therefore, this articles aims to use the AB fractional derivative idea for the first time to study the free convection flow of a generalized Casson fluid due to the combined gradients of temperature and concentration. Hence, heat and mass transfer are considered together. For the sake of comparison, this problem is also solved via the Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) derivatives technique. Exact solutions in both cases (AB and CF derivatives) are obtained via the Laplace transform and compared graphically as well as in tabular form. In the case of AB approach, the influence of pertinent parameters on velocity field is displayed in plots and discussed. It is found that for unit time, the velocities obtained via AB and CF derivatives are identical. Velocities for time less than 1 show little variation and, for time higher than 1, this variation increases.

Results in Physics, 2017

Abstract Atangana and Baleanu (AB) in their recent work introduced a new version of fractional de... more Abstract Atangana and Baleanu (AB) in their recent work introduced a new version of fractional derivatives which uses the generalized Mittag-Leffler function as the non-singular and non-local kernel and accepts all properties of fractional derivatives. This articles aims to apply the AB fractional derivative to free convection flow of generalized Casson fluid due to the combined gradients of temperature and concentration with heat generation and first order chemical reaction. For the sake of comparison, this problem is also solved via Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) derivative technique. Exact solutions in both cases of AB and CF derivatives are obtained via Laplace transform and compared graphically as well as in tabular form. In the case of AB approach, the influence of pertinent parameters on velocity field is displayed in plots and discussed. It is found that for a unit time, the velocities obtained via AB and CF derivatives are identical. Velocities for the time less than 1 show little variation and for time bigger than 1, this variation increases.

The European Physical Journal Plus, 2016

Abstract.The objective of this paper is to report the combined effect of heat and mass diffusion ... more Abstract.The objective of this paper is to report the combined effect of heat and mass diffusion on time fractional free convectional incompressible flow of Brinkman-type fluid over an oscillating plate in the presence of first-order chemical reaction. The Laplace transform has been used to obtain the exact solutions for the fractional-order distributions. Exact expressions for temperature, concentration and velocity have been presented in terms of special functions. For instance, we presented temperature in terms of Wright function, concentration in the form of Fox-H function and velocity in terms of Mittag-Leffler and general Wright functions. The effects of various physical parameters on the fluid motion are sketched and discussed graphically. The present solutions have been reduced by taking one or more parameters approaching to zero and an excellent agreement is observed with the published work. The numerical results for skin-friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been shown in tabular form.

The European Physical Journal Plus

Background. Persistently elevated natriuretic peptide (NP) levels in heart failure (HF) patients ... more Background. Persistently elevated natriuretic peptide (NP) levels in heart failure (HF) patients are associated with impaired prognosis. Recent work suggests that NP-guided therapy can improve outcome, but the mechanisms behind an elevated BNP remain unclear. Among the potential stimuli for NP in clinically stable patients are persistent occult fluid overload, wall stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and ischemia. The purpose of this study was to identify associates of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in a stable HF population. Methods. In a prospective observational study of 179 stable HF patients, the association between BNP and markers of collagen metabolism, inflammation, and Doppler-echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial volume index (LAVI), and E/e prime (E/e) was measured. Results. Univariable associates of elevated BNP were age, LVEF, LAVI, E/e , creatinine, and markers of collagen turnover. In a multiple linear regression model, age, creatinine, and LVEF remained significant associates of BNP. E/e and markers of collagen turnover had a persistent impact on BNP independent of these covariates. Conclusion. Multiple variables are associated with persistently elevated BNP levels in stable HF patients. Clarification of the relative importance of NP stimuli may help refine NP-guided therapy, potentially improving outcome for this at-risk population.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2011

Page 1. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(11)60535-4 2011;57;E535 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. McDonald Mak, Ramon ... more Page 1. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(11)60535-4 2011;57;E535 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. McDonald Mak, Ramon Martos, John A. Baugh, Mark T. Ledwidge, and Kenneth M. Patrick Collier, Chris J. Watson, Victor Voon, Dermot Phelan ...

European Journal of Heart Failure, 2011

Hypertension is one of the main drivers of the heart failure (HF) epidemic. The aims of this stud... more Hypertension is one of the main drivers of the heart failure (HF) epidemic. The aims of this study were to profile fibro-inflammatory biomarkers across stages of the hypertensive heart disease (HHD) spectrum and to examine whether particular biochemical profiles in asymptomatic patients identify a higher risk of evolution to HF. This was a cross-sectional observational study involving a population of 275 stable hypertensive patients divided into two different cohorts: Group 1, asymptomatic hypertension (AH) (n= 94); Group 2, HF with preserved ejection fraction (n= 181). Asymptomatic hypertension patients were further subdivided according to left atrial volume index ≥34 mL/m(2) (n= 30) and <34 mL/m(2) (n= 64). Study assays involved inflammatory markers [interleukin 6 (IL6), interleukin 8 (IL8), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), and tumour necrosis factor α], collagen 1 and 3 metabolic markers [carboxy-terminal propeptide of collagen 1, amino-terminal propeptide of collagen 1, amino-terminal propeptide of collagen 3 (PIIINP), and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen 1 (CITP)], extra-cellular matrix turnover markers [matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)], and the brain natriuretic peptide. Data were adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and creatinine. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was associated with an increased inflammatory signal (IL6, IL8, and MCP1), an increased fibrotic signal (PIIINP and CITP), and an increased matrix turnover signal (MMP2 and MMP9). Alterations in MMP and TIMP enzymes were found to be significant indicators of greater degrees of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. These data define varying fibro-inflammatory profiles throughout different stages of HHD. In particular, the observations on MMP9 and TIMP1 raise the possibility of earlier detection of those at risk of evolution to HF which may help focus effective preventative strategies.

European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements, 2008

Irish Journal of Medical Science, 2011

Aim To examine the prognostic importance of absolute values and change in values of BNP in patien... more Aim To examine the prognostic importance of absolute values and change in values of BNP in patients with stable heart failure (HF). Methods Five-hundred and fifty-nine patients attending a disease management programme were categorized into tertiles of BNP (group 1; B95 pg/ml, group 2; 96-249 pg/ml and group 3; C250 pg/ml). A change in BNP between two stable visits was recorded. Patients were followed up for 1 year for death and a composite morbidity measure of HF hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization, unscheduled visits for clinical deterioration(UC) of HF using survival analysis. Results The risk of the combined morbidity outcome increased with increasing tertiles of BNP (Log rank = 17.8 (2), p \ 0.001). Furthermore, a 50 and 25% increase in BNP predicted morbidity in stable HF patients with an initial BNP [ 200 pg/ml (p = 0.02) and [450 pg/ml (p = 0.03), respectively. Conclusion In a stable community HF population, an elevated BNP or an increase in BNP predicts an adverse prognosis thereby potentially identifying a population in need of closer clinical follow-up.

Microfluidics and Nanofluidics

Heat and mass transfer analysis in magnetite molybdenum disulphide nanofluid of grade two is stud... more Heat and mass transfer analysis in magnetite molybdenum disulphide nanofluid of grade two is studied. MoS 2 powder with each particle of nanosize is dissolved in engine oil chosen as base fluid. A generalized form of grade-two model is considered with fractional order derivatives of Caputo and Fabrizio. The fluid over vertically oscillating plate is subjected to isothermal temperate and species concentration. The problem is modeled in terms of partial differential equations with sufficient initial conditions and boundary conditions. Fractional form of Laplace transform is used and exact solutions in closed form are determined for velocity field, temperature and concentration distributions. These solutions are then plotted for embedded parameters and discussed. Results for the physical quantities of interest (skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number) are computed in tables. Results obtained in this work are compared with some published results from the open literature.

Background: For controlling unwilling pregnancy, sustaining gorgeousness and good health, among t... more Background: For controlling unwilling pregnancy, sustaining gorgeousness and good health, among the elite level female athletes the use of contraceptive pills is quite common. Objective: Oxidative stress in female athletes is understudied. This research study was carried out in order to assess the alteration in metabolic rate of blood urea, bilirubin and oxidative stress induced by Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol (oral contraceptive pills). The outcome of the study Original Research Article Jan et al.; JPRI, 33(21B): 77-84, 2021; Article no.JPRI.66709 78 will reveal the impact of oral contraceptive pills on the overall health of the females. Methods: User and non-user of oral contraceptive pills were included as participants of the study. Sixty elite level female athletes using Levonorgestrel and Ethinylestradiol were recruited as experimental group and twenty four female (non-users) as a control group were taken as sample of the study. Blood sample (5ml) was taken from all the ...

Alexandria Engineering Journal

Abstract The present article reports the applications of Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivati... more Abstract The present article reports the applications of Caputo-Fabrizio time-fractional derivatives. This article generalizes the idea of free convection flow of Jeffrey fluid over a vertical static plate. The free convection is caused due to the temperature gradient. Therefore, heat transfer is considered for free convection. The classical model for Jeffrey fluid is written in dimensionless form with the help of non-dimensional variables. Furthermore, the dimensionless model is converted into a fractional model called as a generalized Jeffrey fluid model. The governing equations of generalized Jeffrey fluid model have been solved analytically using the Laplace transform technique. The recovery of existing solutions in the open literature is possible through this work in terms of classical Jeffrey fluid, fractional Newtonian fluid as well as classical Newtonian fluid. For various embedded parameters, the physics of velocity and temperature profiles is studied by means of numerical computation. This report provides a detailed discussion as well as a graphical representation of the obtained results.

Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations

The impact of magnetic field on Engine Oil based generalized Brinkman-type nanofluid over an osci... more The impact of magnetic field on Engine Oil based generalized Brinkman-type nanofluid over an oscillating vertical plate embedded in a porous medium is studied. Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) nanoparticles of spherical shape are suspended in Engine Oil, taken as conventional base fluid. Effect of thermal radiation in energy equation is also considered. A generalized model of Brinkman-type fluid is considered with newly introduced fractional derivatives known as Atangana-Baleanu Derivative (ABD) in the presence of heat transfer due to convection. Exact solution of the problem is determined by means of the Laplace transform. Expressions for velocity and temperature are obtained in terms of Mittag-Leffler and General Wright function. The effects of various pertinent parameters on velocity are portrayed and discussed graphically. Numerical results of rate of heat transfer are computed in tabular form. Which showed that increasing values of volume fraction and Prandtl number increase rate of heat transfer.

The European Physical Journal Plus, 2017

Abstract.Based on exponential kernel, Caputo and Fabrizio suggested a new definition for fraction... more Abstract.Based on exponential kernel, Caputo and Fabrizio suggested a new definition for fractional order derivatives in 2015. Recently, in 2016, Atangana and Baleanu proposed another version of fractional derivatives, which uses the generalized Mittag-Leffler function as the non-singular and non-local kernel. Moreover, the Atangana-Balaenu (AB) version has all properties of fractional derivatives. Therefore, this articles aims to use the AB fractional derivative idea for the first time to study the free convection flow of a generalized Casson fluid due to the combined gradients of temperature and concentration. Hence, heat and mass transfer are considered together. For the sake of comparison, this problem is also solved via the Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) derivatives technique. Exact solutions in both cases (AB and CF derivatives) are obtained via the Laplace transform and compared graphically as well as in tabular form. In the case of AB approach, the influence of pertinent parameters on velocity field is displayed in plots and discussed. It is found that for unit time, the velocities obtained via AB and CF derivatives are identical. Velocities for time less than 1 show little variation and, for time higher than 1, this variation increases.

Results in Physics, 2017

Abstract Atangana and Baleanu (AB) in their recent work introduced a new version of fractional de... more Abstract Atangana and Baleanu (AB) in their recent work introduced a new version of fractional derivatives which uses the generalized Mittag-Leffler function as the non-singular and non-local kernel and accepts all properties of fractional derivatives. This articles aims to apply the AB fractional derivative to free convection flow of generalized Casson fluid due to the combined gradients of temperature and concentration with heat generation and first order chemical reaction. For the sake of comparison, this problem is also solved via Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) derivative technique. Exact solutions in both cases of AB and CF derivatives are obtained via Laplace transform and compared graphically as well as in tabular form. In the case of AB approach, the influence of pertinent parameters on velocity field is displayed in plots and discussed. It is found that for a unit time, the velocities obtained via AB and CF derivatives are identical. Velocities for the time less than 1 show little variation and for time bigger than 1, this variation increases.

The European Physical Journal Plus, 2016

Abstract.The objective of this paper is to report the combined effect of heat and mass diffusion ... more Abstract.The objective of this paper is to report the combined effect of heat and mass diffusion on time fractional free convectional incompressible flow of Brinkman-type fluid over an oscillating plate in the presence of first-order chemical reaction. The Laplace transform has been used to obtain the exact solutions for the fractional-order distributions. Exact expressions for temperature, concentration and velocity have been presented in terms of special functions. For instance, we presented temperature in terms of Wright function, concentration in the form of Fox-H function and velocity in terms of Mittag-Leffler and general Wright functions. The effects of various physical parameters on the fluid motion are sketched and discussed graphically. The present solutions have been reduced by taking one or more parameters approaching to zero and an excellent agreement is observed with the published work. The numerical results for skin-friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers have been shown in tabular form.

The European Physical Journal Plus

Background. Persistently elevated natriuretic peptide (NP) levels in heart failure (HF) patients ... more Background. Persistently elevated natriuretic peptide (NP) levels in heart failure (HF) patients are associated with impaired prognosis. Recent work suggests that NP-guided therapy can improve outcome, but the mechanisms behind an elevated BNP remain unclear. Among the potential stimuli for NP in clinically stable patients are persistent occult fluid overload, wall stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and ischemia. The purpose of this study was to identify associates of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in a stable HF population. Methods. In a prospective observational study of 179 stable HF patients, the association between BNP and markers of collagen metabolism, inflammation, and Doppler-echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial volume index (LAVI), and E/e prime (E/e) was measured. Results. Univariable associates of elevated BNP were age, LVEF, LAVI, E/e , creatinine, and markers of collagen turnover. In a multiple linear regression model, age, creatinine, and LVEF remained significant associates of BNP. E/e and markers of collagen turnover had a persistent impact on BNP independent of these covariates. Conclusion. Multiple variables are associated with persistently elevated BNP levels in stable HF patients. Clarification of the relative importance of NP stimuli may help refine NP-guided therapy, potentially improving outcome for this at-risk population.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2011

Page 1. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(11)60535-4 2011;57;E535 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. McDonald Mak, Ramon ... more Page 1. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(11)60535-4 2011;57;E535 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. McDonald Mak, Ramon Martos, John A. Baugh, Mark T. Ledwidge, and Kenneth M. Patrick Collier, Chris J. Watson, Victor Voon, Dermot Phelan ...