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Papers by Jacek Czarnigowski

Research paper thumbnail of CC-By 4.0) Air Flow Analysis Around the Autogyro Fuselage

The paper presents the results of the simulation of the air flow around the gyroplane without the... more The paper presents the results of the simulation of the air flow around the gyroplane without the influence of the rotor and pusher propellers. Three-dimensional calculations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software. Based on the calculations, the values of the drag force and the lift force on each component of the rotorcraft were determined. Based on the results obtained, the effect of angle of attack on the aerodynamic forces was obtained. ANALIZA PRZEPŁYWU POWIETRZA WOKÓŁ KADŁUBA WIATRAKOWCA STRESZCZENIE W pracy przedstawiono wyniki symulacji opływu modelu wiatrakowca bez wpływu wirnika nośnego oraz śmigła pchającego. Trójwymiarowe obliczenia wykonano za pomocą programu ANSYS Fluent. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych obliczeń wyznaczono wartości siły oporu oraz siły nośnej działające na poszczególne części składowe statku powietrznego. W oparciu o uzyskane wyniki otrzymano wpływ kąta natarcia na siły aerodynamiczne.

Research paper thumbnail of A simulation research of a hydrogen injection system for a Wankel engine

Combustion Engines, May 1, 2010

The paper presents the results of simulations of a gaseous fuel supply system in a Wankel engine.... more The paper presents the results of simulations of a gaseous fuel supply system in a Wankel engine. The testing was conducted on a zero-dimensional model of the designed injection system that was fuelled by gaseous hydrogen into the intake manifold in the RX 50 Wankel engine. The Dymola software and its Pneumatics Module were used in the simulation. The experiments determined what phenomena would occur inside the injection system and helped develop a tool to optimize its design. The analysis dealt with the changes in the pressure and mass flow rate in the individual components of such a supply system. The research was done in steady states for one value of speed and load as the inlet system pressure.

Research paper thumbnail of Method to measure injector opening and closing lag times

Combustion Engines, Feb 1, 2011

The paper describes a method to measure injector opening and closing lag times based on measuring... more The paper describes a method to measure injector opening and closing lag times based on measuring the vibration in the axis of movement of a valve. There are also some results of the studies on a plate injector. Analysing the measurements obtained, it is demonstrated that opening and closing lag times can be determined much more precisely by measuring vibration than by the method based on analysing gas pressure directly behind an injector. The authors have noted the greater repeatability of standard deviation expressed as the smaller standard deviation of the lag times specified and the easy application of this method for stand testing. Consequently, this method can determine these times in a simple and precise way.

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of supply pressure on gas injector expenditure characteristics

Combustion Engines

The paper analyzes the changes in an LPG injector flow mass characteristics when input pressure i... more The paper analyzes the changes in an LPG injector flow mass characteristics when input pressure is altered. The research was carried out at a test stand with an air-supplied injector. The test results (the pressure both before and behind an injector, a control signal and the current flowing through an electromagnetic coil) were analyzed for the impact of pressure on the injector characteristics. The analysis deals with a pressure effect on a unit mass flow, injector opening dead time (minimum time of a signal that causes an opening), the characteristics linearity, and its intersection point with a time axis. There was also analyzed a single injection time course, particularly emphasizing injector valve opening and closing time. It has been stated that the increase in pressure results in the increased unit mass flow and the simultaneous increase in injector dead time as well as a shift of the intersection point with a time axis along this axis.

Research paper thumbnail of Modelling and Verification Failures of a Combustion Engine Injection System

Summary. Growing pressure to improve the performance of IC engines has resulted in development of... more Summary. Growing pressure to improve the performance of IC engines has resulted in development of improved control systems. These requirements, combined with the introduction of control algorithms that could only be simulated experimentally were the foundations of control-oriented modelling techniques. The paper presents the assumptions and requirements toward control oriented models and a model of an idling SI engine. Some results of identifi cation and verifi cation tests of the model are presented for the 1.5 GLI engine. On the basis of the engine model, the simulation of sensor failures had been carried out. Key words: internal combustion engine, idle speed, control, simulation of sensors failures. 1.

Research paper thumbnail of ICES2003-646 Adaptive Control of the Idle Speed

Idle speed control of an spark ignition automotive engine based on adaptive techniques has been p... more Idle speed control of an spark ignition automotive engine based on adaptive techniques has been presented. In the paper the ignition advance control was activated to stabilise the idle speed. The adaptation of the spark advance angle requires defining an adaptive coefficient, which is a compromise between operation speed and estimation accuracy. The adaptive coefficient design was evaluated through engine testing, and the performance was compared with an up-to-date tuned PID controller. The success of the adaptive controller was demonstrated in engine testing. The controller tracks not only the set point speed but also shows robustness to the load torque disturbances.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Influence of Legal Requirements on the Design of Electronic Ignition System for Aviation Piston Engine

Journal of KONES, 2017

The article is a review of European aviation regulations with respect to their impact on the desi... more The article is a review of European aviation regulations with respect to their impact on the design of a new electronic ignition system for aircraft engines. The analysis covers the EASA decision on certification specifications as well as recommended means of compliance and related standards on testing and designing electronic subassemblies and their programming. The analysis focuses on the following aspects: design requirements (system configuration), functional requirements (principles of operation), safety (fault tolerance), material requirements (with regard to corrosion and fire resistance of electronic components) and scope of tests for particular component. The analysis is illustrated by a case of a research and development project to design and implement an ignition system for a piston engine. The engine with its new ignition system was to be offered commercially as a product of a Polish aircraft engine manufacturer. The article is a review of European aviation regulations w...

Research paper thumbnail of Wykorzystanie programu LabView do badań układów napędowych

Research paper thumbnail of The analysis of nonrepeatibility of a flap gas injector

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of dual and single spark ignition in operation of a large piston aircraft engine

International Journal of Engine Research, 2020

The paper presents the results of the experimental research on the combustion process inside the ... more The paper presents the results of the experimental research on the combustion process inside the cylinder of a large piston radial aircraft engine with dual or single spark plug ignition. The tests were carried out on the ASz-62IR-16X radial engine equipped with a double, electronically controlled ignition system with two spark plugs in each cylinder. The constant engine speed tests allowed for comparing the combustion processes with ignition carried out by both spark plugs, the rear plug only, and the front plug only. The analyses were based on the recorded pressure signal from one of the engine cylinders. It has been shown that the type of ignition significantly affects the combustion process and its non-repeatability. The obtained results indicate the leading role of the rear spark plug in initiating the combustion process. When the ignition is carried out with the rear spark plug, the induction period is identical to that for dual ignition, but the combustion process is much les...

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering

The article presents modern laminate composites designed for aircraft structural elements based o... more The article presents modern laminate composites designed for aircraft structural elements based on ECC e461 symmetric fabric and Interglas 02037 symmetric fabric with MGS L285/H285 resin. These composites differ in the weave used and the type of fabric. The article presents basic strength parameters of the composite obtained as a result of stand tests. The results of compressive strength tests of the material samples are presented. It was shown that the weave of the fabric significantly affects the strength parameters of the composite. The change of the weave caused the increase in strength by more than 65%. The possibilities of application of this material on selected structural elements of aircraft such as: propeller blade plating, masts, shavings, pylons.

Research paper thumbnail of Badania procesu tworzenia mieszanki w silniku ZI z wykorzystaniem szerokopasmowej sondy lambda

Research paper thumbnail of Elektronicznie sterowany wtryskiwacz wodoru do silnika Wankla

Research paper thumbnail of Charakterystyczne zakresy prędkości obrotowych wału korbowego podczas pracy silnika spalinowego w warunkach eksploatacji samochodu

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostics of the aircraft radial engine by using the Recurrence Plots method

Research paper thumbnail of Badania eksperymentalne wpływu napięcia zasilania na zwłokę załączania wtryskiwacza gazu

This paper presents the results of experimental pulsed gas injectors for automotive fuel gas supp... more This paper presents the results of experimental pulsed gas injectors for automotive fuel gas supply system. 6 structurally different injectors were tested. Shown opening times of individual structures. The influence of voltage on the injector opening time. Has been shown to significantly impact the supply voltage for the duration of the opening and sets the sensitivity of the individual structures to change it. (Experiments on the effect of control signal duty cycle on pulse gas injector closing time). Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych impulsowych wtryskiwaczy gazu przeznaczonych do samochodowych instalacji zasilania paliwem gazowym. Przebadano 6 różniących się konstrukcyjnie wtryskiwaczy. Określono czasy otwierania poszczególnych konstrukcji. Analizowano wpływ napięcia zasilania na czas otwierania wtryskiwacza. Wykazano znaczący wpływ wartości napięcia zasilania na czas otwierania oraz określono czułość poszczególnych konstrukcji na jego zmianę.

Research paper thumbnail of CFD simulation study of air flow around the airfoil using the Magnus effect

Applied Computer Science, 2015

The article presents a simulation study of air flow around the airfoil equipped with an additiona... more The article presents a simulation study of air flow around the airfoil equipped with an additional rotary element, using the Magnus effect to change the air flow around it. For this purpose, a two-dimensional computational model for the airfoil without and with the moving element was made. The model was based on the airfoil NACA 8-H-12. The article describes a method of creating a model in two versions: without moving computational grid and with moving computational grid. Studies were carried out for a typical flow rate corresponding to the flow velocity around the gyroplane in a nominal flight speed conditions. Article shows a comparison of flows in both cases, and assesses the impact of the geometry that use the Magnus effect on the work of airfoil.

Research paper thumbnail of Bench Tests for Exhaust Gas Temperature Distribution in an Aircraft Piston Engine with and without a Turbocharger

Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Stanowisko laboratoryjne do badania samolotowego układu wtryskowego

Research paper thumbnail of Electric Energy Balance of the Rotax 912 with Fuel Injection

Journal of KONES, 2017

A majority of ultralight aircraft is powered by the Rotax 912 ULS, which is a four-cylinder carbu... more A majority of ultralight aircraft is powered by the Rotax 912 ULS, which is a four-cylinder carburettor piston SI boxer engine. However, its power-to-power advanced aircraft is insufficient. This article discusses the examination of the Rotax 912 fitted with a modified power system and mechanical charging to increase the power of a base unit by 36%. This engine was developed as a collaborated project of the Lublin University of Technology and the AVIATION ARTUR TRENDAK & SON GmbH, a manufacturer of autogyros. Sources of energy in the Rotax 912 are generated with a generator integrated with an ignition system of a maximum power of 250 W at 5800 rpm and 13.5 V [1]. The technology of fuel injection and charging required us to apply control systems and to measure engine-operating parameters, which resulted in higher electric energy demand. Additionally, a mechanical pump was replaced with a more efficient electric pump, which also changed electric energy balance. The examination was con...

Research paper thumbnail of CC-By 4.0) Air Flow Analysis Around the Autogyro Fuselage

The paper presents the results of the simulation of the air flow around the gyroplane without the... more The paper presents the results of the simulation of the air flow around the gyroplane without the influence of the rotor and pusher propellers. Three-dimensional calculations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software. Based on the calculations, the values of the drag force and the lift force on each component of the rotorcraft were determined. Based on the results obtained, the effect of angle of attack on the aerodynamic forces was obtained. ANALIZA PRZEPŁYWU POWIETRZA WOKÓŁ KADŁUBA WIATRAKOWCA STRESZCZENIE W pracy przedstawiono wyniki symulacji opływu modelu wiatrakowca bez wpływu wirnika nośnego oraz śmigła pchającego. Trójwymiarowe obliczenia wykonano za pomocą programu ANSYS Fluent. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych obliczeń wyznaczono wartości siły oporu oraz siły nośnej działające na poszczególne części składowe statku powietrznego. W oparciu o uzyskane wyniki otrzymano wpływ kąta natarcia na siły aerodynamiczne.

Research paper thumbnail of A simulation research of a hydrogen injection system for a Wankel engine

Combustion Engines, May 1, 2010

The paper presents the results of simulations of a gaseous fuel supply system in a Wankel engine.... more The paper presents the results of simulations of a gaseous fuel supply system in a Wankel engine. The testing was conducted on a zero-dimensional model of the designed injection system that was fuelled by gaseous hydrogen into the intake manifold in the RX 50 Wankel engine. The Dymola software and its Pneumatics Module were used in the simulation. The experiments determined what phenomena would occur inside the injection system and helped develop a tool to optimize its design. The analysis dealt with the changes in the pressure and mass flow rate in the individual components of such a supply system. The research was done in steady states for one value of speed and load as the inlet system pressure.

Research paper thumbnail of Method to measure injector opening and closing lag times

Combustion Engines, Feb 1, 2011

The paper describes a method to measure injector opening and closing lag times based on measuring... more The paper describes a method to measure injector opening and closing lag times based on measuring the vibration in the axis of movement of a valve. There are also some results of the studies on a plate injector. Analysing the measurements obtained, it is demonstrated that opening and closing lag times can be determined much more precisely by measuring vibration than by the method based on analysing gas pressure directly behind an injector. The authors have noted the greater repeatability of standard deviation expressed as the smaller standard deviation of the lag times specified and the easy application of this method for stand testing. Consequently, this method can determine these times in a simple and precise way.

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of supply pressure on gas injector expenditure characteristics

Combustion Engines

The paper analyzes the changes in an LPG injector flow mass characteristics when input pressure i... more The paper analyzes the changes in an LPG injector flow mass characteristics when input pressure is altered. The research was carried out at a test stand with an air-supplied injector. The test results (the pressure both before and behind an injector, a control signal and the current flowing through an electromagnetic coil) were analyzed for the impact of pressure on the injector characteristics. The analysis deals with a pressure effect on a unit mass flow, injector opening dead time (minimum time of a signal that causes an opening), the characteristics linearity, and its intersection point with a time axis. There was also analyzed a single injection time course, particularly emphasizing injector valve opening and closing time. It has been stated that the increase in pressure results in the increased unit mass flow and the simultaneous increase in injector dead time as well as a shift of the intersection point with a time axis along this axis.

Research paper thumbnail of Modelling and Verification Failures of a Combustion Engine Injection System

Summary. Growing pressure to improve the performance of IC engines has resulted in development of... more Summary. Growing pressure to improve the performance of IC engines has resulted in development of improved control systems. These requirements, combined with the introduction of control algorithms that could only be simulated experimentally were the foundations of control-oriented modelling techniques. The paper presents the assumptions and requirements toward control oriented models and a model of an idling SI engine. Some results of identifi cation and verifi cation tests of the model are presented for the 1.5 GLI engine. On the basis of the engine model, the simulation of sensor failures had been carried out. Key words: internal combustion engine, idle speed, control, simulation of sensors failures. 1.

Research paper thumbnail of ICES2003-646 Adaptive Control of the Idle Speed

Idle speed control of an spark ignition automotive engine based on adaptive techniques has been p... more Idle speed control of an spark ignition automotive engine based on adaptive techniques has been presented. In the paper the ignition advance control was activated to stabilise the idle speed. The adaptation of the spark advance angle requires defining an adaptive coefficient, which is a compromise between operation speed and estimation accuracy. The adaptive coefficient design was evaluated through engine testing, and the performance was compared with an up-to-date tuned PID controller. The success of the adaptive controller was demonstrated in engine testing. The controller tracks not only the set point speed but also shows robustness to the load torque disturbances.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of Influence of Legal Requirements on the Design of Electronic Ignition System for Aviation Piston Engine

Journal of KONES, 2017

The article is a review of European aviation regulations with respect to their impact on the desi... more The article is a review of European aviation regulations with respect to their impact on the design of a new electronic ignition system for aircraft engines. The analysis covers the EASA decision on certification specifications as well as recommended means of compliance and related standards on testing and designing electronic subassemblies and their programming. The analysis focuses on the following aspects: design requirements (system configuration), functional requirements (principles of operation), safety (fault tolerance), material requirements (with regard to corrosion and fire resistance of electronic components) and scope of tests for particular component. The analysis is illustrated by a case of a research and development project to design and implement an ignition system for a piston engine. The engine with its new ignition system was to be offered commercially as a product of a Polish aircraft engine manufacturer. The article is a review of European aviation regulations w...

Research paper thumbnail of Wykorzystanie programu LabView do badań układów napędowych

Research paper thumbnail of The analysis of nonrepeatibility of a flap gas injector

Research paper thumbnail of Comparison of dual and single spark ignition in operation of a large piston aircraft engine

International Journal of Engine Research, 2020

The paper presents the results of the experimental research on the combustion process inside the ... more The paper presents the results of the experimental research on the combustion process inside the cylinder of a large piston radial aircraft engine with dual or single spark plug ignition. The tests were carried out on the ASz-62IR-16X radial engine equipped with a double, electronically controlled ignition system with two spark plugs in each cylinder. The constant engine speed tests allowed for comparing the combustion processes with ignition carried out by both spark plugs, the rear plug only, and the front plug only. The analyses were based on the recorded pressure signal from one of the engine cylinders. It has been shown that the type of ignition significantly affects the combustion process and its non-repeatability. The obtained results indicate the leading role of the rear spark plug in initiating the combustion process. When the ignition is carried out with the rear spark plug, the induction period is identical to that for dual ignition, but the combustion process is much les...

Research paper thumbnail of Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering

The article presents modern laminate composites designed for aircraft structural elements based o... more The article presents modern laminate composites designed for aircraft structural elements based on ECC e461 symmetric fabric and Interglas 02037 symmetric fabric with MGS L285/H285 resin. These composites differ in the weave used and the type of fabric. The article presents basic strength parameters of the composite obtained as a result of stand tests. The results of compressive strength tests of the material samples are presented. It was shown that the weave of the fabric significantly affects the strength parameters of the composite. The change of the weave caused the increase in strength by more than 65%. The possibilities of application of this material on selected structural elements of aircraft such as: propeller blade plating, masts, shavings, pylons.

Research paper thumbnail of Badania procesu tworzenia mieszanki w silniku ZI z wykorzystaniem szerokopasmowej sondy lambda

Research paper thumbnail of Elektronicznie sterowany wtryskiwacz wodoru do silnika Wankla

Research paper thumbnail of Charakterystyczne zakresy prędkości obrotowych wału korbowego podczas pracy silnika spalinowego w warunkach eksploatacji samochodu

Research paper thumbnail of Diagnostics of the aircraft radial engine by using the Recurrence Plots method

Research paper thumbnail of Badania eksperymentalne wpływu napięcia zasilania na zwłokę załączania wtryskiwacza gazu

This paper presents the results of experimental pulsed gas injectors for automotive fuel gas supp... more This paper presents the results of experimental pulsed gas injectors for automotive fuel gas supply system. 6 structurally different injectors were tested. Shown opening times of individual structures. The influence of voltage on the injector opening time. Has been shown to significantly impact the supply voltage for the duration of the opening and sets the sensitivity of the individual structures to change it. (Experiments on the effect of control signal duty cycle on pulse gas injector closing time). Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych impulsowych wtryskiwaczy gazu przeznaczonych do samochodowych instalacji zasilania paliwem gazowym. Przebadano 6 różniących się konstrukcyjnie wtryskiwaczy. Określono czasy otwierania poszczególnych konstrukcji. Analizowano wpływ napięcia zasilania na czas otwierania wtryskiwacza. Wykazano znaczący wpływ wartości napięcia zasilania na czas otwierania oraz określono czułość poszczególnych konstrukcji na jego zmianę.

Research paper thumbnail of CFD simulation study of air flow around the airfoil using the Magnus effect

Applied Computer Science, 2015

The article presents a simulation study of air flow around the airfoil equipped with an additiona... more The article presents a simulation study of air flow around the airfoil equipped with an additional rotary element, using the Magnus effect to change the air flow around it. For this purpose, a two-dimensional computational model for the airfoil without and with the moving element was made. The model was based on the airfoil NACA 8-H-12. The article describes a method of creating a model in two versions: without moving computational grid and with moving computational grid. Studies were carried out for a typical flow rate corresponding to the flow velocity around the gyroplane in a nominal flight speed conditions. Article shows a comparison of flows in both cases, and assesses the impact of the geometry that use the Magnus effect on the work of airfoil.

Research paper thumbnail of Bench Tests for Exhaust Gas Temperature Distribution in an Aircraft Piston Engine with and without a Turbocharger

Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Stanowisko laboratoryjne do badania samolotowego układu wtryskowego

Research paper thumbnail of Electric Energy Balance of the Rotax 912 with Fuel Injection

Journal of KONES, 2017

A majority of ultralight aircraft is powered by the Rotax 912 ULS, which is a four-cylinder carbu... more A majority of ultralight aircraft is powered by the Rotax 912 ULS, which is a four-cylinder carburettor piston SI boxer engine. However, its power-to-power advanced aircraft is insufficient. This article discusses the examination of the Rotax 912 fitted with a modified power system and mechanical charging to increase the power of a base unit by 36%. This engine was developed as a collaborated project of the Lublin University of Technology and the AVIATION ARTUR TRENDAK & SON GmbH, a manufacturer of autogyros. Sources of energy in the Rotax 912 are generated with a generator integrated with an ignition system of a maximum power of 250 W at 5800 rpm and 13.5 V [1]. The technology of fuel injection and charging required us to apply control systems and to measure engine-operating parameters, which resulted in higher electric energy demand. Additionally, a mechanical pump was replaced with a more efficient electric pump, which also changed electric energy balance. The examination was con...