Jacek Fabisiak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Jacek Fabisiak
Ochrona Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych, 2000
Polish Hyperbaric Research, 2012
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2016
In addition to natural sources and land-originated pollution, the Baltic Sea has another anthropo... more In addition to natural sources and land-originated pollution, the Baltic Sea has another anthropogenic source of arsenic in bottom sediments-arsenic-based Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA). To examine the potential usage of arsenic contents results for monitoring the leakage from chemical weapons, sediment samples were collected from officially reported and potential chemical weapon dumpsites located in the Baltic Sea, and total and inorganic arsenic concentrations were analyzed. Results showed an elevated arsenic content in dumpsite areas compared to reference areas. Correlations of arsenic with other metals and organic matter were studied to elucidate any unusual behavior of arsenic in the dumpsites. In the area of the Bornholm Deep, such behavior was observed for inorganic arsenic. It appears that in close vicinity of dumped munitions, the inorganic arsenic concentration of sediments is not correlated with either organic matter content or authigenic minerals formation, as is commonly observed elsewhere. Investigations on CWA concentrations, performed within the CHEMSEA (Chemical Munition Search and Assesment) project, allowed us to compare the results of arsenic concentrations with the occurrence of arsenic-containing CWA.
ChApteR 4 ReACtioN AgAiNst thReAts: CoNtiNgeNCy plANs ANd guideliNes 4.1. Unified model of contin... more ChApteR 4 ReACtioN AgAiNst thReAts: CoNtiNgeNCy plANs ANd guideliNes 4.1. Unified model of contingency plans 4.2. CHEMSEA Awareness Trainings 4.3. Guidelines on CWA contamination at sea 4.4. Recommendations for hazardous waste disposal 4.5. Technical aspects of CWA contaminated sediments disposal CoNClusioNs ChemseA poliCy pApeR foR the helCom miNisteRiAl meetiNg oN 13th oCtoBeR 2013 ChemseA CoNsoRtium
Science of The Total Environment, 2019
After World War II, conventional and chemical ammunition containing mainly secondary and primary ... more After World War II, conventional and chemical ammunition containing mainly secondary and primary explosives was dumped in the sea. Explosives have medium toxicity to aquatic organisms, earthworms and indigenous soil microorganisms. Therefore, environmental monitoring is required, especially for dumped munitions. The main aspect of this work was to analyse the samples of lumps and sediments taken from the Baltic seabed. These samples were potentially explosives. The main goal of the study was to identify the type and composition of studied materials. In order to determine the chemical composition of samples of explosives, we used as follows: GC-MS/MS, LC-HRMS and NMR. Additionally, to determine the energetic properties we performed microcalorimetric-thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the obtained results, the composition of this explosive was TNT (41%), RDX (53%), aluminium powder (5%), and degradation products (below 1%). The resulting composition indicates that the analysed material can be classified in the "torpex" family, widely used during World War II. Regarding the results of the microcalorimetric analysis, we can conclude that excavated fragments of explosives are in very good condition and they still can detonate after being initiated. Therefore, there is a threat that they could be used for criminal or terrorist purposes.
The aim of this paper was to presented the involvement of Poland in international activities to r... more The aim of this paper was to presented the involvement of Poland in international activities to reduction and elimination the threats of chemical weapons dumped in seas and oceans. The paper presents the most important regional and global initiatives and also the role of Poland to resolve the problems of chemical warfare agent dumped in the sea. Literatura 1. Andrulewicz E., Chemical weapons dumped in the Baltic Sea, [w:] (http://www.Molo07-andrulewiczchemical-weapons-dumped-in-the-baltic-sea.ppt),
Ecology & Safety, 2017
About 15 000 t of chemical warfare agents placed in about 600 thousand pieces of ammunition and c... more About 15 000 t of chemical warfare agents placed in about 600 thousand pieces of ammunition and containers, were sunk in the Baltic Sea. The ammunition – mostly artillery shells and aerial bombs and containers – mainly barrels. Ammunition and containers undergo slow corrosion, which leads to releasing toxins into the environment. The corrosion rate depends on numerous environmental factors as well as on the type of ammunition bodies, material and container walls. This article presents the results of previous studies – determination of the chemical composition of munitions bodies and containers.
Spośród naturalnych izotopów polonu, ze względu na stosunkowo długi okres półtrwania, największe ... more Spośród naturalnych izotopów polonu, ze względu na stosunkowo długi okres półtrwania, największe znaczenie ma izotop Po (Ti/2=138,376 dni). W środowisku przyrodniczym najważniejszym naturalnym źródłem 2 l Po jest rozpad pierwiastków szeregu uranowo-radowego. Obok naturalnego 2I Po, w przyrodzie, występuje również sztuczny, powstający podczas próbnych wybuchów jądrowych przeprowadzonych w atmosferze. Udział polonu Po w wewnętrznej dawce radiacyjnej organizmów zwierzęcych zależy od środowiska, w którym one żyją, jak również od jego zawartości w żywności. Ekosystemy morskie, ze względu na silne nagromadzenie Po, stanowią istotne źródło dawki promienia wewnętrznego w ciałach zwierząt. Średnie stężenie Po w wodach Bałtyku wynosi 0,6 mBqm", z czego 80 % to formy rozpuszczone. Badania wykazują, że udział Po w całkowitej dawce promieniowania a wynosi ponad 80 % dla planktonu i ryb, a dla skorupiaków (Meganyctiphanes norvegia) dochodzi nawet do 99 %. Również polon zawieszony w powietrzu...
Ecology & Safety, 2018
Conducted in 2005 scientific and research work in the Baltic Sea on dumped chemical weapons were ... more Conducted in 2005 scientific and research work in the Baltic Sea on dumped chemical weapons were aimed mainly at: confirmation of regions where post-war chemical weapons were dumped, verification of unofficial dumpsites, inventoried quantity of dumped chemical ammunition and toxic warfare agents, development of research technologies for tracking and monitoring the effects of the presence of poisons in the sea and the identification and assessment of risks to sea users and to the living organisms. The results of the above tests clearly indicate that released toxic agents are not neutral to the marine environment and living organisms. During the study, it was undisputed that their presence has a negative effect on marine organisms. Examples include, for example, genetic changes in organisms, especially in fish foraging close to chemical weapons repositories or paralysis (eg burns) of animals that have direct contact with poisons released into the bottom sediments. This causes that mor...
Ochrona Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych, 2000
Polish Hyperbaric Research, 2012
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2016
In addition to natural sources and land-originated pollution, the Baltic Sea has another anthropo... more In addition to natural sources and land-originated pollution, the Baltic Sea has another anthropogenic source of arsenic in bottom sediments-arsenic-based Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA). To examine the potential usage of arsenic contents results for monitoring the leakage from chemical weapons, sediment samples were collected from officially reported and potential chemical weapon dumpsites located in the Baltic Sea, and total and inorganic arsenic concentrations were analyzed. Results showed an elevated arsenic content in dumpsite areas compared to reference areas. Correlations of arsenic with other metals and organic matter were studied to elucidate any unusual behavior of arsenic in the dumpsites. In the area of the Bornholm Deep, such behavior was observed for inorganic arsenic. It appears that in close vicinity of dumped munitions, the inorganic arsenic concentration of sediments is not correlated with either organic matter content or authigenic minerals formation, as is commonly observed elsewhere. Investigations on CWA concentrations, performed within the CHEMSEA (Chemical Munition Search and Assesment) project, allowed us to compare the results of arsenic concentrations with the occurrence of arsenic-containing CWA.
ChApteR 4 ReACtioN AgAiNst thReAts: CoNtiNgeNCy plANs ANd guideliNes 4.1. Unified model of contin... more ChApteR 4 ReACtioN AgAiNst thReAts: CoNtiNgeNCy plANs ANd guideliNes 4.1. Unified model of contingency plans 4.2. CHEMSEA Awareness Trainings 4.3. Guidelines on CWA contamination at sea 4.4. Recommendations for hazardous waste disposal 4.5. Technical aspects of CWA contaminated sediments disposal CoNClusioNs ChemseA poliCy pApeR foR the helCom miNisteRiAl meetiNg oN 13th oCtoBeR 2013 ChemseA CoNsoRtium
Science of The Total Environment, 2019
After World War II, conventional and chemical ammunition containing mainly secondary and primary ... more After World War II, conventional and chemical ammunition containing mainly secondary and primary explosives was dumped in the sea. Explosives have medium toxicity to aquatic organisms, earthworms and indigenous soil microorganisms. Therefore, environmental monitoring is required, especially for dumped munitions. The main aspect of this work was to analyse the samples of lumps and sediments taken from the Baltic seabed. These samples were potentially explosives. The main goal of the study was to identify the type and composition of studied materials. In order to determine the chemical composition of samples of explosives, we used as follows: GC-MS/MS, LC-HRMS and NMR. Additionally, to determine the energetic properties we performed microcalorimetric-thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the obtained results, the composition of this explosive was TNT (41%), RDX (53%), aluminium powder (5%), and degradation products (below 1%). The resulting composition indicates that the analysed material can be classified in the "torpex" family, widely used during World War II. Regarding the results of the microcalorimetric analysis, we can conclude that excavated fragments of explosives are in very good condition and they still can detonate after being initiated. Therefore, there is a threat that they could be used for criminal or terrorist purposes.
The aim of this paper was to presented the involvement of Poland in international activities to r... more The aim of this paper was to presented the involvement of Poland in international activities to reduction and elimination the threats of chemical weapons dumped in seas and oceans. The paper presents the most important regional and global initiatives and also the role of Poland to resolve the problems of chemical warfare agent dumped in the sea. Literatura 1. Andrulewicz E., Chemical weapons dumped in the Baltic Sea, [w:] (http://www.Molo07-andrulewiczchemical-weapons-dumped-in-the-baltic-sea.ppt),
Ecology & Safety, 2017
About 15 000 t of chemical warfare agents placed in about 600 thousand pieces of ammunition and c... more About 15 000 t of chemical warfare agents placed in about 600 thousand pieces of ammunition and containers, were sunk in the Baltic Sea. The ammunition – mostly artillery shells and aerial bombs and containers – mainly barrels. Ammunition and containers undergo slow corrosion, which leads to releasing toxins into the environment. The corrosion rate depends on numerous environmental factors as well as on the type of ammunition bodies, material and container walls. This article presents the results of previous studies – determination of the chemical composition of munitions bodies and containers.
Spośród naturalnych izotopów polonu, ze względu na stosunkowo długi okres półtrwania, największe ... more Spośród naturalnych izotopów polonu, ze względu na stosunkowo długi okres półtrwania, największe znaczenie ma izotop Po (Ti/2=138,376 dni). W środowisku przyrodniczym najważniejszym naturalnym źródłem 2 l Po jest rozpad pierwiastków szeregu uranowo-radowego. Obok naturalnego 2I Po, w przyrodzie, występuje również sztuczny, powstający podczas próbnych wybuchów jądrowych przeprowadzonych w atmosferze. Udział polonu Po w wewnętrznej dawce radiacyjnej organizmów zwierzęcych zależy od środowiska, w którym one żyją, jak również od jego zawartości w żywności. Ekosystemy morskie, ze względu na silne nagromadzenie Po, stanowią istotne źródło dawki promienia wewnętrznego w ciałach zwierząt. Średnie stężenie Po w wodach Bałtyku wynosi 0,6 mBqm", z czego 80 % to formy rozpuszczone. Badania wykazują, że udział Po w całkowitej dawce promieniowania a wynosi ponad 80 % dla planktonu i ryb, a dla skorupiaków (Meganyctiphanes norvegia) dochodzi nawet do 99 %. Również polon zawieszony w powietrzu...
Ecology & Safety, 2018
Conducted in 2005 scientific and research work in the Baltic Sea on dumped chemical weapons were ... more Conducted in 2005 scientific and research work in the Baltic Sea on dumped chemical weapons were aimed mainly at: confirmation of regions where post-war chemical weapons were dumped, verification of unofficial dumpsites, inventoried quantity of dumped chemical ammunition and toxic warfare agents, development of research technologies for tracking and monitoring the effects of the presence of poisons in the sea and the identification and assessment of risks to sea users and to the living organisms. The results of the above tests clearly indicate that released toxic agents are not neutral to the marine environment and living organisms. During the study, it was undisputed that their presence has a negative effect on marine organisms. Examples include, for example, genetic changes in organisms, especially in fish foraging close to chemical weapons repositories or paralysis (eg burns) of animals that have direct contact with poisons released into the bottom sediments. This causes that mor...