Jacob Biehl - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jacob Biehl

ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences

Augmented reality (AR) on smartphone devices allows people to interact with virtually placed obje... more Augmented reality (AR) on smartphone devices allows people to interact with virtually placed objects anchored in the real world through the device’s viewport. Typically, smartphone AR interactions work with the device’s 2D touchscreen disconnected from the modality and depth of the virtual objects. In this paper, we studied 15 participants’ preferences, performances, and cognitive loads on a set of common tasks performed on smartphones at two interaction depths (close-range and distant) with two touchless modalities (hand tracking and screen dwell). We find that distant AR interactions, strongly preferred by the participants, were significantly faster and took less cognitive effort. We observed that within both interaction depths, modalities performed equally. When designing touchless modalities on smartphones, we suggest using distant interactions when overall performance is the top priority, otherwise, using hand tracking or screen dwell as back-ups for each other can be equally effective.

BACKGROUND Nearly half of Americans taking prescription medications do not take them properly. Th... more BACKGROUND Nearly half of Americans taking prescription medications do not take them properly. The resulting implications have broad impact. Non-adhering patients develop worsened medical conditions, increase comorbidity of disease, or die. OBJECTIVE Clinical studies have shown the most effective strategies for addressing adherence are those that are individualized to the context that each patient and situation require. Yet, existing aids for adherence are relatively ridged and poorly support adaptation to individual behaviors and lifestyles. The aim of this work is to better understand this design tension. METHODS A series of three qualitative studies were conducted. Study 1: 200 hypertensive Americans participated in a 52-question online survey. Questions focused on existing adherence strategies and behaviors, and perception of how hypothetical in-home tracking technologies would assist adherence. Study 2: 20 hypertensives from the Pittsburgh region participated in a comprehensive...

ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences

Modern operating rooms (OR) are equipped with several ceilingand wall-mounted screens that displa... more Modern operating rooms (OR) are equipped with several ceilingand wall-mounted screens that display surgical information. These physical displays are restricted in placement, limiting the surgeons' ability to freely position them in the environment. Our work addresses this issue by exploring the feasibility of using an augmented reality (AR) headset (Microsoft HoloLens 2) as an alternative to traditional surgical screens; leading to a reduced OR footprint and Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for proft or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the frst page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s).

Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction, Apr 22, 2021

Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a ... more Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a deeper comprehension of these behaviors and processes to design effective interventions for struggling students. Chatbots have recently been used as a persuasive technology to help support behavioral change, making them an intriguing design space for students' study habits and skills. This paper investigated the feasibility of using chatbots for promoting behavioral change of college students majoring in Computer Science (CS). We conducted semi-structured interviews with CS peer-tutors and surveyed university freshmen to understand students' study habits and identify technical intervention opportunities. Inspired by the findings, we designed StudyBuddy, a chatbot prototype deployed in Slack that periodically sends tips, provides assessments of students' study habits via surveys, helps the students break down assignments, recommends academic resources, and sends reminders. We evaluated the usability of the prototype in-depth with 8 students (both first-year and senior students) and 5 course instructors followed by a large scale evaluative survey (n=117) using video of the prototype. Our research identified important design challenges such as building trust and preserving privacy, limiting interaction costs, and supporting both immediate and long-term sustainable support. Likewise, we proposed design recommendations that demonstrate context awareness, personalize the experience based on user preferences, and adapt over time as students mature and grow.

31st Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society, 2022

The World Health Organization refers to non-adherence as a worldwide problem of striking magnitud... more The World Health Organization refers to non-adherence as a worldwide problem of striking magnitude. Non-adherence leads to worsened medical conditions, increase comorbidity of disease, or death. Clinical studies have shown the most effective strategies for adherence are those that are individualized to the context that each patient and situation require. Yet, existing aids are relatively ridged and poorly support adaptation to individual behaviors and lifestyles. We believe our work in this space is relevant to the HEALTHI workshop. Broadly, we are eager to engage in scholarly conversations and collaborations which seek to improve the research community’s ability to move beyond one-size-fits-all approaches to the design and construction of technologies to improve human health.

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2021

Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a ... more Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a deeper comprehension of these behaviors and processes to design effective interventions for struggling students. Chatbots have recently been used as a persuasive technology to help support behavioral change, making them an intriguing design space for students' study habits and skills. This paper investigated the feasibility of using chatbots for promoting behavioral change of college students majoring in Computer Science (CS). We conducted semi-structured interviews with CS peer-tutors and surveyed university freshmen to understand students' study habits and identify technical intervention opportunities. Inspired by the findings, we designed StudyBuddy, a chatbot prototype deployed in Slack that periodically sends tips, provides assessments of students' study habits via surveys, helps the students break down assignments, recommends academic resources, and sends reminders. We ...

Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing - UbiComp '15, 2015

Location-enabled applications now permeate the mobile computing landscape. As technologies like B... more Location-enabled applications now permeate the mobile computing landscape. As technologies like Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Apple's iBeacon protocols begin to see widespread adoption, we will no doubt see a proliferation of indoor location enabled application experiences. While not essential to each of these applications, many will require that the location of the device be true and verifiable. In this paper, we present LocAssure, a new framework for trusted indoor location estimation. The system leverages existing technologies like BLE and iBeacons, making the solution practical and compatible with technologies that are already in use today. In this work, we describe our system, situate it within a broad location assurance taxonomy, describe the protocols that enable trusted localization in our system, and provide an analysis of early deployment and use characteristics. Through developer APIs, LocAssure can provide critical security support for a broad range of indoor location applications.

Existing tools do not adequately support the emerging practice of group-based software developmen... more Existing tools do not adequately support the emerging practice of group-based software development, which is aimed at improving software quality. In this paper, we present a new, fully functional system called ClubDev. Our system allows developers to quickly share off-the-shelf applications between personal devices and available large displays, perform near simultaneous input with applications, and mediate which applications are shared and when. The benefit of using our system is that it better supports the types of activities that are desired, but often not able to be realized during group development. Our system was informed via a series of surveys and interviews with developers experienced in group development practice. Results from an initial evaluation showed that users want and are able to utilize our system during realistic group development activities. Practitioners can download and use our system, while researchers can leverage our system framework to create and test new interfaces for co-located collaborative work.

ARIS is an interface that enables users to visually relocate applications and redirect input amon... more ARIS is an interface that enables users to visually relocate applications and redirect input among myriad devices in an interactive workspace. While we previously claimed that ARIS is more effective than other interfaces for performing these tasks, this work seeks to empirically validate our claim. We compared the use of ARIS to an interaction design of a text-based and virtual paths interface for relocating applications and redirecting input in an interactive workspace. Results show that (i) users can relocate applications and redirect input faster with ARIS than a text-based interface, (ii) users commit fewer errors with ARIS than a text-based interface, (iii) users experience less workload and are more satisfied with ARIS than a textbased interface, and (iv) ARIS was comparable to the use of a virtual paths interface. ARIS is more effective than an interaction design that requires a user to mentally map and select textual identifiers, while supporting functionality beyond that of a virtual paths interface.

Urbana

ARIS is an iconic interface that enables users to relocate applications and redirect input in an ... more ARIS is an iconic interface that enables users to relocate applications and redirect input in an interactive workspace. We compared the use of ARIS to a text-based and virtual paths (VP) interface for relocating applications and redirecting input. Results showed that the iconic interface was more effective than the text-based interface and almost as effective as the VP interface. Since the use of text-based interfaces is common, the use of an iconic interface enables relocation and redirection tasks to be performed more effectively than today. Though it imposes a small additional cost, an iconic interface also supports features useful for interactive spaces that a VP interface does not. Related Work In this section, we describe interactive workspaces, mechanisms for performing application relocation and input redirection, and evaluations of those mechanisms.

Urbana

Jacob T. Biehl and Brian P. Bailey Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana, ... more Jacob T. Biehl and Brian P. Bailey Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 {jtbiehl, bpbailey}@cs.uiuc.edu ... Figure 1: The SEAPort interface executing in our interactive workspace. ... ABSTRACT Iconic interfaces have been used to enable ...

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Internet of Things, 2019

A motivating, core capability of most smart, Internet of Things enabled spaces (e.g., home, offic... more A motivating, core capability of most smart, Internet of Things enabled spaces (e.g., home, office, hospital, factory) is the ability to leverage context of use. Location is a key context element; particularly indoor location. Recent advances in radio ranging technologies, such as 802.11-2016 FTM, promise the availability of low-cost, near-ubiquitous time-of-flight-based ranging estimates. In this paper, we build on prior work to enhance the technology's ability to provide useful location estimates. We demonstrate meaningful improvements in coordinate-based estimation accuracy and substantial increases in room-level estimation accuracy. Furthermore, insights gained in our real-world deployment provides important implications for future Internet of Things context applications and their supporting technology deployments such as workflow management, inventory control, or healthcare information tools.

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Internet of Things, 2019

A motivating, core capability of most smart, Internet of Things enabled spaces (e.g., home, offic... more A motivating, core capability of most smart, Internet of Things enabled spaces (e.g., home, office, hospital, factory) is the ability to leverage context of use. Location is a key context element; particularly indoor location. Recent advances in radio ranging technologies, such as 802.11-2016 FTM, promise the availability of low-cost, near-ubiquitous time-of-flight-based ranging estimates. In this paper, we build on prior work to enhance the technology's ability to provide useful location estimates. We demonstrate meaningful improvements in coordinate-based estimation accuracy and substantial increases in room-level estimation accuracy. Furthermore, insights gained in our real-world deployment provides important implications for future Internet of Things context applications and their supporting technology deployments such as workflow management, inventory control, or healthcare information tools.

2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)

Proceedings of the 23nd ACM on Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies

Devices with embedded sensors are permeating the computing landscape, allowing the collection and... more Devices with embedded sensors are permeating the computing landscape, allowing the collection and analysis of rich data about individuals, smart spaces, and their interactions. This class of devices enables a useful array of home automation and connected workplace functionality to individuals within instrumented spaces. Unfortunately, the increasing pervasiveness of sensors can lead to perceptions of privacy loss by their occupants. Given that many instrumented spaces exist as platforms outside of a user's control-e.g., IoT sensors in the home that rely on cloud infrastructure or connected workplaces managed by one's employer-enforcing access controls via a trusted reference monitor may do little to assuage individuals' privacy concerns. This calls for novel enforcement mechanisms for controlling access to sensed data. In this paper, we investigate the interplay between sensor fidelity and individual comfort, with the goal of understanding the design space for effective, yet palatable, sensors for the workplace. In the context of a common space contextualization task, we survey and interview individuals about their comfort with three common sensing modalities: video, audio, and passive infrared. This allows us to explore the extent to which discomfort with sensor platforms is a function of detected states or sensed data. Our findings uncover interesting interplays between content, context, fidelity, history, and privacy. This, in turn, leads to design recommendations regarding how to increase comfort with sensing technologies by revisiting the mechanisms by which user preferences and policies are enforced in situations where the infrastructure itself is not trusted.

2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences

Augmented reality (AR) on smartphone devices allows people to interact with virtually placed obje... more Augmented reality (AR) on smartphone devices allows people to interact with virtually placed objects anchored in the real world through the device’s viewport. Typically, smartphone AR interactions work with the device’s 2D touchscreen disconnected from the modality and depth of the virtual objects. In this paper, we studied 15 participants’ preferences, performances, and cognitive loads on a set of common tasks performed on smartphones at two interaction depths (close-range and distant) with two touchless modalities (hand tracking and screen dwell). We find that distant AR interactions, strongly preferred by the participants, were significantly faster and took less cognitive effort. We observed that within both interaction depths, modalities performed equally. When designing touchless modalities on smartphones, we suggest using distant interactions when overall performance is the top priority, otherwise, using hand tracking or screen dwell as back-ups for each other can be equally effective.

BACKGROUND Nearly half of Americans taking prescription medications do not take them properly. Th... more BACKGROUND Nearly half of Americans taking prescription medications do not take them properly. The resulting implications have broad impact. Non-adhering patients develop worsened medical conditions, increase comorbidity of disease, or die. OBJECTIVE Clinical studies have shown the most effective strategies for addressing adherence are those that are individualized to the context that each patient and situation require. Yet, existing aids for adherence are relatively ridged and poorly support adaptation to individual behaviors and lifestyles. The aim of this work is to better understand this design tension. METHODS A series of three qualitative studies were conducted. Study 1: 200 hypertensive Americans participated in a 52-question online survey. Questions focused on existing adherence strategies and behaviors, and perception of how hypothetical in-home tracking technologies would assist adherence. Study 2: 20 hypertensives from the Pittsburgh region participated in a comprehensive...

ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences

Modern operating rooms (OR) are equipped with several ceilingand wall-mounted screens that displa... more Modern operating rooms (OR) are equipped with several ceilingand wall-mounted screens that display surgical information. These physical displays are restricted in placement, limiting the surgeons' ability to freely position them in the environment. Our work addresses this issue by exploring the feasibility of using an augmented reality (AR) headset (Microsoft HoloLens 2) as an alternative to traditional surgical screens; leading to a reduced OR footprint and Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for proft or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the frst page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s).

Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction, Apr 22, 2021

Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a ... more Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a deeper comprehension of these behaviors and processes to design effective interventions for struggling students. Chatbots have recently been used as a persuasive technology to help support behavioral change, making them an intriguing design space for students' study habits and skills. This paper investigated the feasibility of using chatbots for promoting behavioral change of college students majoring in Computer Science (CS). We conducted semi-structured interviews with CS peer-tutors and surveyed university freshmen to understand students' study habits and identify technical intervention opportunities. Inspired by the findings, we designed StudyBuddy, a chatbot prototype deployed in Slack that periodically sends tips, provides assessments of students' study habits via surveys, helps the students break down assignments, recommends academic resources, and sends reminders. We evaluated the usability of the prototype in-depth with 8 students (both first-year and senior students) and 5 course instructors followed by a large scale evaluative survey (n=117) using video of the prototype. Our research identified important design challenges such as building trust and preserving privacy, limiting interaction costs, and supporting both immediate and long-term sustainable support. Likewise, we proposed design recommendations that demonstrate context awareness, personalize the experience based on user preferences, and adapt over time as students mature and grow.

31st Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society, 2022

The World Health Organization refers to non-adherence as a worldwide problem of striking magnitud... more The World Health Organization refers to non-adherence as a worldwide problem of striking magnitude. Non-adherence leads to worsened medical conditions, increase comorbidity of disease, or death. Clinical studies have shown the most effective strategies for adherence are those that are individualized to the context that each patient and situation require. Yet, existing aids are relatively ridged and poorly support adaptation to individual behaviors and lifestyles. We believe our work in this space is relevant to the HEALTHI workshop. Broadly, we are eager to engage in scholarly conversations and collaborations which seek to improve the research community’s ability to move beyond one-size-fits-all approaches to the design and construction of technologies to improve human health.

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 2021

Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a ... more Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a deeper comprehension of these behaviors and processes to design effective interventions for struggling students. Chatbots have recently been used as a persuasive technology to help support behavioral change, making them an intriguing design space for students' study habits and skills. This paper investigated the feasibility of using chatbots for promoting behavioral change of college students majoring in Computer Science (CS). We conducted semi-structured interviews with CS peer-tutors and surveyed university freshmen to understand students' study habits and identify technical intervention opportunities. Inspired by the findings, we designed StudyBuddy, a chatbot prototype deployed in Slack that periodically sends tips, provides assessments of students' study habits via surveys, helps the students break down assignments, recommends academic resources, and sends reminders. We ...

Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing - UbiComp '15, 2015

Location-enabled applications now permeate the mobile computing landscape. As technologies like B... more Location-enabled applications now permeate the mobile computing landscape. As technologies like Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Apple's iBeacon protocols begin to see widespread adoption, we will no doubt see a proliferation of indoor location enabled application experiences. While not essential to each of these applications, many will require that the location of the device be true and verifiable. In this paper, we present LocAssure, a new framework for trusted indoor location estimation. The system leverages existing technologies like BLE and iBeacons, making the solution practical and compatible with technologies that are already in use today. In this work, we describe our system, situate it within a broad location assurance taxonomy, describe the protocols that enable trusted localization in our system, and provide an analysis of early deployment and use characteristics. Through developer APIs, LocAssure can provide critical security support for a broad range of indoor location applications.

Existing tools do not adequately support the emerging practice of group-based software developmen... more Existing tools do not adequately support the emerging practice of group-based software development, which is aimed at improving software quality. In this paper, we present a new, fully functional system called ClubDev. Our system allows developers to quickly share off-the-shelf applications between personal devices and available large displays, perform near simultaneous input with applications, and mediate which applications are shared and when. The benefit of using our system is that it better supports the types of activities that are desired, but often not able to be realized during group development. Our system was informed via a series of surveys and interviews with developers experienced in group development practice. Results from an initial evaluation showed that users want and are able to utilize our system during realistic group development activities. Practitioners can download and use our system, while researchers can leverage our system framework to create and test new interfaces for co-located collaborative work.

ARIS is an interface that enables users to visually relocate applications and redirect input amon... more ARIS is an interface that enables users to visually relocate applications and redirect input among myriad devices in an interactive workspace. While we previously claimed that ARIS is more effective than other interfaces for performing these tasks, this work seeks to empirically validate our claim. We compared the use of ARIS to an interaction design of a text-based and virtual paths interface for relocating applications and redirecting input in an interactive workspace. Results show that (i) users can relocate applications and redirect input faster with ARIS than a text-based interface, (ii) users commit fewer errors with ARIS than a text-based interface, (iii) users experience less workload and are more satisfied with ARIS than a textbased interface, and (iv) ARIS was comparable to the use of a virtual paths interface. ARIS is more effective than an interaction design that requires a user to mentally map and select textual identifiers, while supporting functionality beyond that of a virtual paths interface.

Urbana

ARIS is an iconic interface that enables users to relocate applications and redirect input in an ... more ARIS is an iconic interface that enables users to relocate applications and redirect input in an interactive workspace. We compared the use of ARIS to a text-based and virtual paths (VP) interface for relocating applications and redirecting input. Results showed that the iconic interface was more effective than the text-based interface and almost as effective as the VP interface. Since the use of text-based interfaces is common, the use of an iconic interface enables relocation and redirection tasks to be performed more effectively than today. Though it imposes a small additional cost, an iconic interface also supports features useful for interactive spaces that a VP interface does not. Related Work In this section, we describe interactive workspaces, mechanisms for performing application relocation and input redirection, and evaluations of those mechanisms.

Urbana

Jacob T. Biehl and Brian P. Bailey Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana, ... more Jacob T. Biehl and Brian P. Bailey Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 {jtbiehl, bpbailey}@cs.uiuc.edu ... Figure 1: The SEAPort interface executing in our interactive workspace. ... ABSTRACT Iconic interfaces have been used to enable ...

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Internet of Things, 2019

A motivating, core capability of most smart, Internet of Things enabled spaces (e.g., home, offic... more A motivating, core capability of most smart, Internet of Things enabled spaces (e.g., home, office, hospital, factory) is the ability to leverage context of use. Location is a key context element; particularly indoor location. Recent advances in radio ranging technologies, such as 802.11-2016 FTM, promise the availability of low-cost, near-ubiquitous time-of-flight-based ranging estimates. In this paper, we build on prior work to enhance the technology's ability to provide useful location estimates. We demonstrate meaningful improvements in coordinate-based estimation accuracy and substantial increases in room-level estimation accuracy. Furthermore, insights gained in our real-world deployment provides important implications for future Internet of Things context applications and their supporting technology deployments such as workflow management, inventory control, or healthcare information tools.

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on the Internet of Things, 2019

A motivating, core capability of most smart, Internet of Things enabled spaces (e.g., home, offic... more A motivating, core capability of most smart, Internet of Things enabled spaces (e.g., home, office, hospital, factory) is the ability to leverage context of use. Location is a key context element; particularly indoor location. Recent advances in radio ranging technologies, such as 802.11-2016 FTM, promise the availability of low-cost, near-ubiquitous time-of-flight-based ranging estimates. In this paper, we build on prior work to enhance the technology's ability to provide useful location estimates. We demonstrate meaningful improvements in coordinate-based estimation accuracy and substantial increases in room-level estimation accuracy. Furthermore, insights gained in our real-world deployment provides important implications for future Internet of Things context applications and their supporting technology deployments such as workflow management, inventory control, or healthcare information tools.

2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)

Proceedings of the 23nd ACM on Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies

Devices with embedded sensors are permeating the computing landscape, allowing the collection and... more Devices with embedded sensors are permeating the computing landscape, allowing the collection and analysis of rich data about individuals, smart spaces, and their interactions. This class of devices enables a useful array of home automation and connected workplace functionality to individuals within instrumented spaces. Unfortunately, the increasing pervasiveness of sensors can lead to perceptions of privacy loss by their occupants. Given that many instrumented spaces exist as platforms outside of a user's control-e.g., IoT sensors in the home that rely on cloud infrastructure or connected workplaces managed by one's employer-enforcing access controls via a trusted reference monitor may do little to assuage individuals' privacy concerns. This calls for novel enforcement mechanisms for controlling access to sensed data. In this paper, we investigate the interplay between sensor fidelity and individual comfort, with the goal of understanding the design space for effective, yet palatable, sensors for the workplace. In the context of a common space contextualization task, we survey and interview individuals about their comfort with three common sensing modalities: video, audio, and passive infrared. This allows us to explore the extent to which discomfort with sensor platforms is a function of detected states or sensed data. Our findings uncover interesting interplays between content, context, fidelity, history, and privacy. This, in turn, leads to design recommendations regarding how to increase comfort with sensing technologies by revisiting the mechanisms by which user preferences and policies are enforced in situations where the infrastructure itself is not trusted.

2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)