Jacques Bouchard - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Jacques Bouchard

Résumé Nous avons développé un calorimètre magnétique prototype, fonctionnant à très basse tempér... more Résumé Nous avons développé un calorimètre magnétique prototype, fonctionnant à très basse température, pour la mesure absolue d'activité de radionucléides émetteurs de faibles énergies. Une source pesée de 55 Fe a été enfermée dans l'absorbeur du détecteur, assurant un rendement de détection élevé. Le résultat d'une mesure d'activité préliminaire est compatible avec une mesure en scintillation liquide. L'intérêt de cette approche, outre le rendement de détection élevé, est de disposer d'une nouvelle méthode dans un domaine où peu de techniques de mesure sont disponibles. Abstract We have developed a prototype magnetic calorimeter, operated at very low temperature, for absolute activity measurement of low energy emitting radionuclides. A weighed source of 55 Fe has been enclosed inside the detector absorber assuring a high detection efficiency. The result of a preliminary activity measurement carried out with this prototype is compatible with a measurement by...

Primary Care Respiratory Journal, 2006

Canadian respiratory journal : journal of the Canadian Thoracic Society

To describe an interactive playing card workshop in the communication of asthma guidelines recomm... more To describe an interactive playing card workshop in the communication of asthma guidelines recommendations, and to assess the initial evaluation of this educational tool by family physicians. Family physicians were invited to participate in the workshop by advertisements or personal contacts. Each physician completed a standardized questionnaire on his or her perception of the rules, content and properties of the card game. A university-based continuing medical education initiative. Primary care physicians. Physicians' evaluation of the rules, content and usefulness of the program. The game allowed the communication of relevant asthma-related content, as well as experimentation with a different learning format. It also stimulated interaction in a climate of friendly competition. Participating physicians considered the method to be an innovative tool that facilitated reflection, interaction and learning. It generated relevant discussions on how to apply guideline recommendations ...

International Journal of Nursing Studies, 1999

This study assesses the longitudinal effects of an original early intervention programme on the a... more This study assesses the longitudinal effects of an original early intervention programme on the adaptation of parents of children with a disability (Down syndrome and cleft lip/palate, i.e. DS and CLP). Variations in the effects of the programme according to the time of measurement, the type of disability and parent's gender are also examined. Globally, the results show a better adaptation among parents who participated in the intervention programme compared to those who did not participated in the programme. These parents had lower levels of parental stress, they had more positive perceptions and attitudes concerning their child's disability and their parental situation, they were more confident in their own resources and the help they could receive from others, they had lower levels of emotional distress, anxiety and depression and they perceived more emotional support from their spouse. In general, these gains were maintained throughout the year when the children were between six and 18 months of age, they were relatively similar for parents of children with DS and parents of children with CLP, as well as for mothers and fathers.

16th International Congress of Metrology, 2013

Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group, 2006

The association between the upper and lower airways has been recognised for almost 2000 years. Ep... more The association between the upper and lower airways has been recognised for almost 2000 years. Epidemiological data suggest that most asthma patients also suffer from allergic rhinitis, and that both diseases share similar trigger factors and pathophysiology. This IPCRG Guideline on the management of rhinitis in primary care is fully consistent with the ARIA guidelines. It highlights the treatment goals and the classification of the condition according to symptom frequency (intermittent or persistent) and severity (mild or moderate-severe). It covers the need for allergen avoidance, pharmacologic therapy including immunotherapy, alternative therapies, management of ocular symptoms, the management of co-existing allergic rhinitis and asthma, and the need for follow-up and ongoing care for patients with rhinitis.

X-Ray Spectrometry, 2008

ABSTRACT We are developing metallic magnetic calorimeters operating at very low temperatures for ... more ABSTRACT We are developing metallic magnetic calorimeters operating at very low temperatures for applications in the field of ionizing radiation metrology. The main aim of this development is to enhance the accuracy of atomic and nuclear data determination, in particular x-ray and gamma ray emission probabilities. The energy resolution of metallic magnetic calorimeters is much better than that of the commonly used semiconductor detectors, enabling the separation of lines of very close energies. We have chosen gold, a high Z material, for the detector absorber. This favors photoelectric absorption, and the quantum efficiency can be made close to unity. We first describe the detection principle including the detector read-out system. Following, we present the conception, first prototypes and experimental results of two x-ray and gamma ray detectors for the energy ranges 1–20 keV and 20–200 keV. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Spine, 2010

A new technique for the management of traumatic cervical fracture in patients with chin-on-chest ... more A new technique for the management of traumatic cervical fracture in patients with chin-on-chest deformity in ankylosing spondylitis is presented. OBJECTIVE.: To present a new surgical technique for acute deformity correction through cervical fractures in the setting of kyphotic deformities. Cervicothoracic kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis is currently treated with extension osteotomy in an elective setting. In elective extension osteotomies, the surgeon manipulates the head to generate osteoclasis, temporarily producing an unstable cervical fracture. Cervical fractures in ankylosing spondylitis are highly unstable and frequently associated with neurologic compromise. Most reports describe either no reduction and fixation in situ or reduction in preoperative traction followed by fixation. A 60-year-old man with chronic ankylosing spondylitis and profound kyphotic deformity suffered a traumatic lower cervical spine fracture. He was treated with an acute cervical spine extension osteotomy through the fracture site using an anterior lengthening bar modification to a halo vest. The anterior lengthening bar allows controlled extension of the neck without manual manipulation by the surgeon. This patient presented with a chin-brow angle of approximately 90 degrees and was corrected to approximately 5 degrees to 8 degrees . No immediate or delayed complications were seen. After halo vest treatment for 3 months, an excellent postural correction was obtained. Surgical extension osteotomy in the lower cervical spine through the fracture site using the anterior lengthening bar-halo extension brace seems to be a safe method for correcting spine flexion deformity in ankylosing spondylitis after traumatic fracture.

Spine, 2006

A cross-sectional survey of senior neurosurgical and orthopedic residents. To evaluate the confid... more A cross-sectional survey of senior neurosurgical and orthopedic residents. To evaluate the confidence of senior orthopedic and neurosurgery residents in performing spinal surgical procedures and their need for further training. The content and exposure to spine training as well as anticipated practice profile were characterized. Spinal surgery is performed by specialists with backgrounds in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery. As this subspecialty evolves, the need to modify training programs to keep up with technological and medical advances becomes increasingly clear. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the self-assessed confidence and perceived need for further training of senior orthopedic and neurosurgical residents in performing a number of spinal surgical procedures. An evaluation of self-assessed surgical competence of senior orthopedic and neurosurgery residents in Canada was undertaken by mail-out questionnaire. A follow-up questionnaire was mailed to nonresponders 3 months later. Survey results were summarized using SPSS statistical software, and descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. Significant differences in time and exposure to spine training differentiated the neurosurgical and orthopedic residencies (37% and 16% of total residency time devoted to spine, respectively). Neurosurgical residents reported significantly higher levels of confidence for all 25 surgical procedures. Of those residents anticipating incorporating spine into their practice, 29% of neurosurgery residents planned on entering a spine fellowship compared with 17% of their orthopedic colleagues. Training in spine surgery constitutes a considerably larger proportion of neurosurgery residency than orthopedic residency. Neurosurgery residents graduate with significantly higher levels of confidence to perform spine surgery, while orthopedic residents report significantly higher need for additional training in spine surgery. The majority of neurosurgery graduates report that they will include spine in their clinical practice, while most orthopedic graduates will exclude it.

Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2007

Objective: To develop a core curriculum for orthopaedic surgery and to conduct a national survey ... more Objective: To develop a core curriculum for orthopaedic surgery and to conduct a national survey to assess the importance of 281 items in the curriculum. Attention was focused specifically on 24 items pertaining to the curriculum that are pertinent to the spine. Study design: A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of orthopaedic surgeons whose primary affiliation was non-academic, representing the provinces and territories of Canada Methods: A questionnaire containing 281 items was developed. A random group of 131 (out of 156) orthopaedic surgeons whose primary affiliation is non-academic completed the questionnaire. The data were analysed quantitatively using average mean scores, histograms, the modified Hotelling's T 2 test and the Benjimini-Hochberg procedure. Results: 131 of 156 (84%) orthopaedic surgeons participated, in this study. 14 of 24 items were ranked at no less than 3 out of 4 thus suggesting that 58% of the items are important or probably important to know by the end of residency (SD(0.07). Residents need to learn the diagnosis and principles of managing patients with common conditions of the spine. Conclusions: The study shows, with reliable statistical evidence, that orthopaedic residents are no longer expected to be able to perform spinal fusions with proficiency on completion of residency. Is the exposure to surgical spine problems and the ability to be comfortable with operating expectations specific to the fellowship level? If so, the focus during residency or increasing accredited spine fellowships needs to be addressed to ensure that enough spine surgeons are educated to meet the future healthcare demands projected for Canada.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003

In Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC), the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio method (TDCR) is a... more In Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC), the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio method (TDCR) is an absolute activity measurement method, especially developed for pure β-and pure EC-emitters activity standardisation. In this method, the detection efficiency is calculated ...

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1999

An improved version of a simple and powerful /4pibeta/gamma coincidence system based on the pulse... more An improved version of a simple and powerful /4pibeta/gamma coincidence system based on the pulse-mixing method is described. It is based on the use of extendable dead-times measured by the live-time technique. The coincidence channel is replaced by a ``virtual'' common channel where pulses coming from both beta and gamma detectors are mixed and counted together. The basic property of this common channel is to register no more than one pulse per coincident pair of pulses. A single channel-analyzer or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be incorporated in the gamma channel. If an ADC is used, coincident and non-coincident spectra can be deduced from the recording. All the major problems (dead-time, accidental coincidences corrections) encountered in conventional systems are eliminated. An important feature of this system is its insensitivity to the delay between beta and gamma pulses. This coincidence method has been tested successfully for several radionuclides (60Co, 134Cs, 85Sr and 169Yb) presenting different measurement difficulties, including metastable states (85Sr and 169Yb). It is now used routinely for activity measurements.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1992

Two major limitations met in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, ie energy resolution and ... more Two major limitations met in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, ie energy resolution and detection energy threshold, may be improved by one or two orders of magnitude by using composite bolometers cooled below 300 mK and operating in the pulse mode. The major ...

Leukemia Research, 1985

The effects of 5-AZA-2 '-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) on the induction of morphological and biochemi... more The effects of 5-AZA-2 '-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) on the induction of morphological and biochemical differentiation and inhibition of DNA methylation of human HE-60 myetiod leukemic cells were investigated. 5-AZA-CdR at concentrations of 0. I-1 I-tg ml -' for 48-h exposure produced significant morphological differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cells to a more mature phenotype, augmented the cell surface marker (OKMI) for mature granulocytes/ monocytes and also increased the superoxide anion production. Under these same conditions 5-AZA-CdR inhibited the synthesis of 5-methylcytosine in DNA suggesting that there is a correlation between the induction of differentiation and inhibition of DNA methylation. At concentrations of 5-AZA-CdR that inhibit DNA methylation there was a marked decrease in colonyformation suggesting that the antileukemic action of this analog is related to the methylation of DNA.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2008

The CEA/LNHB is responsible for the determination and publication of atomic and nuclear data such... more The CEA/LNHB is responsible for the determination and publication of atomic and nuclear data such as X-ray and gamma ray emission probabilities. In order to reduce uncertainties on the determination of these data, a high energy resolution associated with a good intrinsic detection efficiency is required. Hence taking into account these two aspects, we are developing cryogenic detectors, especially metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) for photon spectrometry from few keV up to 200 keV.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2008

We present a prototype of metallic magnetic calorimeters that we are developing for absolute acti... more We present a prototype of metallic magnetic calorimeters that we are developing for absolute activity measurements of low energy emitting radionuclides. We give a detailed description of the realization of the prototype, containing an 55 Fe source inside the detector absorber. We present the analysis of first data taken with this detector and compare the result of activity measurement with liquid scintillation counting. We also propose some ways for reducing the uncertainty on the activity determination with this new technique.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1996

Published literature on fractures of the femoral shaft has reported results of treatment stratifi... more Published literature on fractures of the femoral shaft has reported results of treatment stratified by fracture type or treatment type. The current study analyzes the outcome of fractures of the femoral shaft in elderly patients. One hundred thirty-eight patients older than the age of 65 years sustained femoral shaft fractures. Ten percent of the patients had associated injuries. The majority of the patients had significant prefracture medical problems. Nonsurgical treatment was used in 29 cases. Surgical treatment in 109 patients consisted of cerclage wires in 13 cases, plates and screws in 58 cases, intramedullary nails in 26 cases, and long stem prostheses in 12 cases. Complications of treatment occurred in 46% of patients. The type of treatment did not influence the frequency of complications. Twenty percent of patients died within 6 months of the fracture. There was a significant difference in the age of the patients who survived compared with those who did not survive. The mental status of the patient was also a major determinant of survival. Alert and oriented patients had a much better chance of survival. The outcome of fractures of the femoral shafts cited in the literature is different from the results seen in this population of elderly patients. The observed complication rate of 46% and mortality rate of 20% in this series is similar to those reported for intertrochanteric fractures and femoral neck fractures. Age and mental status are important determinants in the survival of the patient regardless of the treatment administered.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2004

Cryogenic detectors offer remarkably better energy resolutions than those achievable with convent... more Cryogenic detectors offer remarkably better energy resolutions than those achievable with conventional semiconductor or scintillation detectors. With the additional asset of a detection efficiency close to unity for lowenergy X-ray photons and electrons, these detectors have the potential to perform X-ray, gamma and electron spectroscopy of a hitherto unknown quality, in particular at low energies. Two types of cryogenic detectors are described and the results of prototype detectors are presented. r

Résumé Nous avons développé un calorimètre magnétique prototype, fonctionnant à très basse tempér... more Résumé Nous avons développé un calorimètre magnétique prototype, fonctionnant à très basse température, pour la mesure absolue d'activité de radionucléides émetteurs de faibles énergies. Une source pesée de 55 Fe a été enfermée dans l'absorbeur du détecteur, assurant un rendement de détection élevé. Le résultat d'une mesure d'activité préliminaire est compatible avec une mesure en scintillation liquide. L'intérêt de cette approche, outre le rendement de détection élevé, est de disposer d'une nouvelle méthode dans un domaine où peu de techniques de mesure sont disponibles. Abstract We have developed a prototype magnetic calorimeter, operated at very low temperature, for absolute activity measurement of low energy emitting radionuclides. A weighed source of 55 Fe has been enclosed inside the detector absorber assuring a high detection efficiency. The result of a preliminary activity measurement carried out with this prototype is compatible with a measurement by...

Primary Care Respiratory Journal, 2006

Canadian respiratory journal : journal of the Canadian Thoracic Society

To describe an interactive playing card workshop in the communication of asthma guidelines recomm... more To describe an interactive playing card workshop in the communication of asthma guidelines recommendations, and to assess the initial evaluation of this educational tool by family physicians. Family physicians were invited to participate in the workshop by advertisements or personal contacts. Each physician completed a standardized questionnaire on his or her perception of the rules, content and properties of the card game. A university-based continuing medical education initiative. Primary care physicians. Physicians' evaluation of the rules, content and usefulness of the program. The game allowed the communication of relevant asthma-related content, as well as experimentation with a different learning format. It also stimulated interaction in a climate of friendly competition. Participating physicians considered the method to be an innovative tool that facilitated reflection, interaction and learning. It generated relevant discussions on how to apply guideline recommendations ...

International Journal of Nursing Studies, 1999

This study assesses the longitudinal effects of an original early intervention programme on the a... more This study assesses the longitudinal effects of an original early intervention programme on the adaptation of parents of children with a disability (Down syndrome and cleft lip/palate, i.e. DS and CLP). Variations in the effects of the programme according to the time of measurement, the type of disability and parent's gender are also examined. Globally, the results show a better adaptation among parents who participated in the intervention programme compared to those who did not participated in the programme. These parents had lower levels of parental stress, they had more positive perceptions and attitudes concerning their child's disability and their parental situation, they were more confident in their own resources and the help they could receive from others, they had lower levels of emotional distress, anxiety and depression and they perceived more emotional support from their spouse. In general, these gains were maintained throughout the year when the children were between six and 18 months of age, they were relatively similar for parents of children with DS and parents of children with CLP, as well as for mothers and fathers.

16th International Congress of Metrology, 2013

Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group, 2006

The association between the upper and lower airways has been recognised for almost 2000 years. Ep... more The association between the upper and lower airways has been recognised for almost 2000 years. Epidemiological data suggest that most asthma patients also suffer from allergic rhinitis, and that both diseases share similar trigger factors and pathophysiology. This IPCRG Guideline on the management of rhinitis in primary care is fully consistent with the ARIA guidelines. It highlights the treatment goals and the classification of the condition according to symptom frequency (intermittent or persistent) and severity (mild or moderate-severe). It covers the need for allergen avoidance, pharmacologic therapy including immunotherapy, alternative therapies, management of ocular symptoms, the management of co-existing allergic rhinitis and asthma, and the need for follow-up and ongoing care for patients with rhinitis.

X-Ray Spectrometry, 2008

ABSTRACT We are developing metallic magnetic calorimeters operating at very low temperatures for ... more ABSTRACT We are developing metallic magnetic calorimeters operating at very low temperatures for applications in the field of ionizing radiation metrology. The main aim of this development is to enhance the accuracy of atomic and nuclear data determination, in particular x-ray and gamma ray emission probabilities. The energy resolution of metallic magnetic calorimeters is much better than that of the commonly used semiconductor detectors, enabling the separation of lines of very close energies. We have chosen gold, a high Z material, for the detector absorber. This favors photoelectric absorption, and the quantum efficiency can be made close to unity. We first describe the detection principle including the detector read-out system. Following, we present the conception, first prototypes and experimental results of two x-ray and gamma ray detectors for the energy ranges 1–20 keV and 20–200 keV. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Spine, 2010

A new technique for the management of traumatic cervical fracture in patients with chin-on-chest ... more A new technique for the management of traumatic cervical fracture in patients with chin-on-chest deformity in ankylosing spondylitis is presented. OBJECTIVE.: To present a new surgical technique for acute deformity correction through cervical fractures in the setting of kyphotic deformities. Cervicothoracic kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis is currently treated with extension osteotomy in an elective setting. In elective extension osteotomies, the surgeon manipulates the head to generate osteoclasis, temporarily producing an unstable cervical fracture. Cervical fractures in ankylosing spondylitis are highly unstable and frequently associated with neurologic compromise. Most reports describe either no reduction and fixation in situ or reduction in preoperative traction followed by fixation. A 60-year-old man with chronic ankylosing spondylitis and profound kyphotic deformity suffered a traumatic lower cervical spine fracture. He was treated with an acute cervical spine extension osteotomy through the fracture site using an anterior lengthening bar modification to a halo vest. The anterior lengthening bar allows controlled extension of the neck without manual manipulation by the surgeon. This patient presented with a chin-brow angle of approximately 90 degrees and was corrected to approximately 5 degrees to 8 degrees . No immediate or delayed complications were seen. After halo vest treatment for 3 months, an excellent postural correction was obtained. Surgical extension osteotomy in the lower cervical spine through the fracture site using the anterior lengthening bar-halo extension brace seems to be a safe method for correcting spine flexion deformity in ankylosing spondylitis after traumatic fracture.

Spine, 2006

A cross-sectional survey of senior neurosurgical and orthopedic residents. To evaluate the confid... more A cross-sectional survey of senior neurosurgical and orthopedic residents. To evaluate the confidence of senior orthopedic and neurosurgery residents in performing spinal surgical procedures and their need for further training. The content and exposure to spine training as well as anticipated practice profile were characterized. Spinal surgery is performed by specialists with backgrounds in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery. As this subspecialty evolves, the need to modify training programs to keep up with technological and medical advances becomes increasingly clear. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the self-assessed confidence and perceived need for further training of senior orthopedic and neurosurgical residents in performing a number of spinal surgical procedures. An evaluation of self-assessed surgical competence of senior orthopedic and neurosurgery residents in Canada was undertaken by mail-out questionnaire. A follow-up questionnaire was mailed to nonresponders 3 months later. Survey results were summarized using SPSS statistical software, and descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. Significant differences in time and exposure to spine training differentiated the neurosurgical and orthopedic residencies (37% and 16% of total residency time devoted to spine, respectively). Neurosurgical residents reported significantly higher levels of confidence for all 25 surgical procedures. Of those residents anticipating incorporating spine into their practice, 29% of neurosurgery residents planned on entering a spine fellowship compared with 17% of their orthopedic colleagues. Training in spine surgery constitutes a considerably larger proportion of neurosurgery residency than orthopedic residency. Neurosurgery residents graduate with significantly higher levels of confidence to perform spine surgery, while orthopedic residents report significantly higher need for additional training in spine surgery. The majority of neurosurgery graduates report that they will include spine in their clinical practice, while most orthopedic graduates will exclude it.

Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2007

Objective: To develop a core curriculum for orthopaedic surgery and to conduct a national survey ... more Objective: To develop a core curriculum for orthopaedic surgery and to conduct a national survey to assess the importance of 281 items in the curriculum. Attention was focused specifically on 24 items pertaining to the curriculum that are pertinent to the spine. Study design: A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of orthopaedic surgeons whose primary affiliation was non-academic, representing the provinces and territories of Canada Methods: A questionnaire containing 281 items was developed. A random group of 131 (out of 156) orthopaedic surgeons whose primary affiliation is non-academic completed the questionnaire. The data were analysed quantitatively using average mean scores, histograms, the modified Hotelling's T 2 test and the Benjimini-Hochberg procedure. Results: 131 of 156 (84%) orthopaedic surgeons participated, in this study. 14 of 24 items were ranked at no less than 3 out of 4 thus suggesting that 58% of the items are important or probably important to know by the end of residency (SD(0.07). Residents need to learn the diagnosis and principles of managing patients with common conditions of the spine. Conclusions: The study shows, with reliable statistical evidence, that orthopaedic residents are no longer expected to be able to perform spinal fusions with proficiency on completion of residency. Is the exposure to surgical spine problems and the ability to be comfortable with operating expectations specific to the fellowship level? If so, the focus during residency or increasing accredited spine fellowships needs to be addressed to ensure that enough spine surgeons are educated to meet the future healthcare demands projected for Canada.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2003

In Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC), the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio method (TDCR) is a... more In Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC), the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio method (TDCR) is an absolute activity measurement method, especially developed for pure β-and pure EC-emitters activity standardisation. In this method, the detection efficiency is calculated ...

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1999

An improved version of a simple and powerful /4pibeta/gamma coincidence system based on the pulse... more An improved version of a simple and powerful /4pibeta/gamma coincidence system based on the pulse-mixing method is described. It is based on the use of extendable dead-times measured by the live-time technique. The coincidence channel is replaced by a ``virtual'' common channel where pulses coming from both beta and gamma detectors are mixed and counted together. The basic property of this common channel is to register no more than one pulse per coincident pair of pulses. A single channel-analyzer or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be incorporated in the gamma channel. If an ADC is used, coincident and non-coincident spectra can be deduced from the recording. All the major problems (dead-time, accidental coincidences corrections) encountered in conventional systems are eliminated. An important feature of this system is its insensitivity to the delay between beta and gamma pulses. This coincidence method has been tested successfully for several radionuclides (60Co, 134Cs, 85Sr and 169Yb) presenting different measurement difficulties, including metastable states (85Sr and 169Yb). It is now used routinely for activity measurements.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1992

Two major limitations met in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, ie energy resolution and ... more Two major limitations met in the field of ionizing radiation metrology, ie energy resolution and detection energy threshold, may be improved by one or two orders of magnitude by using composite bolometers cooled below 300 mK and operating in the pulse mode. The major ...

Leukemia Research, 1985

The effects of 5-AZA-2 '-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) on the induction of morphological and biochemi... more The effects of 5-AZA-2 '-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) on the induction of morphological and biochemical differentiation and inhibition of DNA methylation of human HE-60 myetiod leukemic cells were investigated. 5-AZA-CdR at concentrations of 0. I-1 I-tg ml -' for 48-h exposure produced significant morphological differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cells to a more mature phenotype, augmented the cell surface marker (OKMI) for mature granulocytes/ monocytes and also increased the superoxide anion production. Under these same conditions 5-AZA-CdR inhibited the synthesis of 5-methylcytosine in DNA suggesting that there is a correlation between the induction of differentiation and inhibition of DNA methylation. At concentrations of 5-AZA-CdR that inhibit DNA methylation there was a marked decrease in colonyformation suggesting that the antileukemic action of this analog is related to the methylation of DNA.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2008

The CEA/LNHB is responsible for the determination and publication of atomic and nuclear data such... more The CEA/LNHB is responsible for the determination and publication of atomic and nuclear data such as X-ray and gamma ray emission probabilities. In order to reduce uncertainties on the determination of these data, a high energy resolution associated with a good intrinsic detection efficiency is required. Hence taking into account these two aspects, we are developing cryogenic detectors, especially metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) for photon spectrometry from few keV up to 200 keV.

Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 2008

We present a prototype of metallic magnetic calorimeters that we are developing for absolute acti... more We present a prototype of metallic magnetic calorimeters that we are developing for absolute activity measurements of low energy emitting radionuclides. We give a detailed description of the realization of the prototype, containing an 55 Fe source inside the detector absorber. We present the analysis of first data taken with this detector and compare the result of activity measurement with liquid scintillation counting. We also propose some ways for reducing the uncertainty on the activity determination with this new technique.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1996

Published literature on fractures of the femoral shaft has reported results of treatment stratifi... more Published literature on fractures of the femoral shaft has reported results of treatment stratified by fracture type or treatment type. The current study analyzes the outcome of fractures of the femoral shaft in elderly patients. One hundred thirty-eight patients older than the age of 65 years sustained femoral shaft fractures. Ten percent of the patients had associated injuries. The majority of the patients had significant prefracture medical problems. Nonsurgical treatment was used in 29 cases. Surgical treatment in 109 patients consisted of cerclage wires in 13 cases, plates and screws in 58 cases, intramedullary nails in 26 cases, and long stem prostheses in 12 cases. Complications of treatment occurred in 46% of patients. The type of treatment did not influence the frequency of complications. Twenty percent of patients died within 6 months of the fracture. There was a significant difference in the age of the patients who survived compared with those who did not survive. The mental status of the patient was also a major determinant of survival. Alert and oriented patients had a much better chance of survival. The outcome of fractures of the femoral shafts cited in the literature is different from the results seen in this population of elderly patients. The observed complication rate of 46% and mortality rate of 20% in this series is similar to those reported for intertrochanteric fractures and femoral neck fractures. Age and mental status are important determinants in the survival of the patient regardless of the treatment administered.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2004

Cryogenic detectors offer remarkably better energy resolutions than those achievable with convent... more Cryogenic detectors offer remarkably better energy resolutions than those achievable with conventional semiconductor or scintillation detectors. With the additional asset of a detection efficiency close to unity for lowenergy X-ray photons and electrons, these detectors have the potential to perform X-ray, gamma and electron spectroscopy of a hitherto unknown quality, in particular at low energies. Two types of cryogenic detectors are described and the results of prototype detectors are presented. r