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Papers by Jagseer Singh

The present study was undertaken to study the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of healthy non-smoking wo... more The present study was undertaken to study the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of healthy non-smoking women of Punjab using biomass fuels for cooking. The values of PEFR of these women were also compared with that of healthy non-smoking women using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking. The influence of age, height and weight on their PEFR values was also studied. One hundred and fifty healthy non-smoking women in the age group of 20-50 years who were using biomass fuels for cooking were selected randomly from various regions of Punjab and their PEFR values were compared with those of one hundred and fifty healthy non-smoking women in the age group of 20-50 years, who were using LPG as the cooking fuel. Persons who gave history of wheezing, cardiovascular diseases or respiratory diseases were excluded from the study. The PEFR test was performed by using a mini Wright peak expiratory flow meter. The mean PEFR of the biomass fuel users was found to be less than that of LPG users in each ...

Bearing capacity is a very important parameter of the soil. As the construction of the superstruc... more Bearing capacity is a very important parameter of the soil. As the construction of the superstructure mainly depend upon foundations of that structure, whole structure has been erected on the soil of suitable bearing capacity. But if that value of bearing capacity is on lower side then improvement of soil can be done. The manner of improvement may be use of piles, piers, cassions and stone columns. Material to be used in stone column are aggregates up to size 100mm. Waste materials generated such as Rubber and Concrete demolition waste can be used as replacement of aggregates. In this present study clayey of medium plasticity (CI) used was collected from village lohatbaddi,distt Ludhiana (PB). Concrete demolition waste (CDW) was collected from waste of cubes tested in concrete laboratory. Rubber tyre waste (RTW) in crumbed powder form was collected from Speedways Tyre industry, Transport Nagar, Ludhiana. In this study an attempt was made to use CDW and RTW in improving bea...

Soil stabilization is a major problem in construction engineering and the researches are effectiv... more Soil stabilization is a major problem in construction engineering and the researches are effectively using rapidly generating industrial wastes. This present experimental work describes about the stability of clayey soil with Blast furnace slag and Rice husk ash individually by using Lime. The main aim is to minimize the industrial waste generated by industry. The cost of stabilization by normally used common techniques has become costlier day by day such as cement, lime etc. So replacement of natural soils, aggregates with industrial by product is extremely desirable. This also reduces environmental hazards. In this study the unconfined compressive strength of clayey soil was studied by using Blast furnace slag and Rice husk ash. Lime was also mixed with both Blast furnace slag and Rice husk ash. In the starting of the study lime was optimized and the optimized amount of lime was found to be 4%. It was determined by performing unconfined compressive strength test and adopting the c...

The present work reports synthesis and screening of fifteen 2,5-disubstituted-4-thiazolidinones w... more The present work reports synthesis and screening of fifteen 2,5-disubstituted-4-thiazolidinones with different substitutions of varied arylidene groups at imino. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectral characterization. The compounds were subjected to in vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities. The derivatives possessed remarkable activities quite close to standard drugs used. Unlike conventional non-selective NSAIDs, the synthesized compounds did not contain any acidic group, thereby ensuring a complete cure from ulcers. To further substantiate the claim for safer derivatives, the active compounds were docked against the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme. It was found that 4-fluorophenylimino substituent at 2- position and 3-nitro moiety on a 5-benzylidene nucleus of the 4-thiazolidinone derivative fitted in the COX-2 binding pocket. The compounds exhibited remarkable activity in scavenging free radicals, as depicted by the DPPH assay method. The s...

The use of industrial waste in concrete manufacture gives an appropriate solution to many environ... more The use of industrial waste in concrete manufacture gives an appropriate solution to many environment concerns and burdens associated with waste management. A large amount of industrial waste such as Bagasse ash, Coal bottom ash, Blast furnace slag, Copper slag, etc is produced in most of developing as well as developed countries. In the last few decades there has been speedily increase in these waste. This obviously causes for many environmental issues and raises the potential to contaminate natural resources of living such as water, air and soil. So, the appropriate disposal of these wastes and by products is a serious burden of every country. The safe disposal of such industrial wastes is very expensive. Furthermore, there is a lack of disposal sites which can appropriately handle such wastes without causing harmful effects on the environment. Fortunately, the use of industrial waste in concrete is a suitable path towards effective disposal of waste as well as preservation of nat...

Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology

In India near about 60% population is engaged in agriculture. Soil loosening is a primary method ... more In India near about 60% population is engaged in agriculture. Soil loosening is a primary method of cultivation before seeding. There are number of tillage tools used for primary cultivation i.e. cultivators, rotary tillers, moldboard plough and chisel plough, rotavators etc. During soil cultivation wear occurs due to interaction of tillage implement and soil particles, which in turn decreases tillage quality and increase draft forces and fuel consumption of tractor. Tool wear reduces farmer’s efficiency, costing millions of dollars per year to Nation’s economy. Knowledge of tillage depth and ploughing speed save the tillage time and improves tractor efficiency. In this study it is attempted to relate the influence of tillage depth and tractor speed on primary tillage tools.

Journal of Tribology

Wear of tools is a key problem in the farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate... more Wear of tools is a key problem in the farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the wear performance of untreated steel (EN-42) and two hardfacings, namely H1 and VB. Hardfacing H1 (0.86Cr0.22C) fall in the basic buildup iron–carbide alloy category and hardfacing VB (3.19Cr2.51C2.7Si) is categorized as martensitic alloy steel. Abrasive wear performance of untreated, as well as hardfaced steel specimens, was evaluated in the laboratory and actual field conditions. The tests were conducted in the laboratory, and actual field trials were conducted in sandy loam and sandy clay-loam soil. The performance of the untreated and hardfaced steel was analyzed using various techniques such as weight loss, microhardness, microstructure and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that H1 and VB overlaid steel exhibited better wear performance than the untreated steel, and the least wear-rate was found in sandy clay-loam soil. VB overlaid steel experienced lesser...

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry

:: Schiff base or imine or azomethine is one of the most important organic compounds that has bee... more :: Schiff base or imine or azomethine is one of the most important organic compounds that has been reported to play a significant role in various biological processes. The group is a part of natural or non-natural compounds and is involved as important precursors as diversified agents and as intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active agents. The review outlines the detailed design strategy, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of different Schiff bases for various biological activities. We have tried to outline the key points of various researchers with respect to biological activities. The results of different studies demonstrate Schiff bases as a linker in many synthetic compounds displaying a broad range of activities. We believe that the present review will provide comprehensive knowledge about medicinal importance of Schiff bases and serve as important literature in designing the synthesis of novel molecules containing Schiff base as pharmacophore or biologically active moiety.

Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences

Original Research Article Osteoarthritis of knee leads to disability and effects quality of life ... more Original Research Article Osteoarthritis of knee leads to disability and effects quality of life due to pain and deformity in advanced cases. Knee replacement is one of most successful surgery for osteoarthritis knee. This surgery improves pain and function of patient but is associated with substantial blood loss during and after the surgery. Tranexamic acid is commonly used to decrease post-operative blood loss by various routes i.e. oral, intravenous and intra-articular .Objective of study is to evaluate the effect of intra-articular Tranexamic acid on post-operative blood loss after unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 50 patients of either gender planned to undergo unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) were enrolled in each of the two groups. In group A (Control group) no intra articular drug is injected. In Group B (study group), patients were given 2 gram intra articular Tranexamic acid. All patients were followed up to 72 hours from completion of surgery. Blood collection in negative suction drain was noted after every 24 hours. In the study group, the post-operative drainage blood loss was 550.36±72.81 significantly less (p<0.05) than those in the control group that was 1008.12±111.62. Intra-articular application of Tranexamic Acid is effective in decreasing the drainage blood loss after primary TKA treatment.

Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences

Original Research Article Total Knee Arthroplasty is associated with significant amount of blood ... more Original Research Article Total Knee Arthroplasty is associated with significant amount of blood loss and may increase the need of blood transfusions. Various blood loss management strategies have been used in the past and Tranexamic Acid is one such commonly used method due to ease of administration and low cost. The use of TXA in primary TKA is associated with reduced transfusion rates, early discharge to home, and reduced economic burden on the patient. Tranexamic Acid can be administered through various routes that include oral, intravenous and intra-articular. However there is no clear consensus on the ideal dosage and route of administration. This study was conducted to compare the effect of intravenous Tranexamic acid with intra-articular Tranexamic acid on post-operative blood loss after unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).A total of 58 patients of either gender planned to undergo unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) were enrolled in each of the two groups. In group A (Intra venous Tranexamic acid group) 2 gram intra venous Tranexamic acid was injected. In Group B (Intra-articular Tranexamic acid group), patients were given 2 gram intra-articular Tranexamic acid. All patients were followed up to 72 hours after completion of surgery. Blood collection in negative suction drain was noted after every 24 hours. The mean drainage total blood loss during 72 hours was 637.32±103.53 ml in Group A (intravenous Tranexamic acid)) and 546.35±70.73ml in Group B (Intraarticular Tranexamic acid). The difference was significant in Group A and Group B.Patients who received intraarticular TXA had a lesser drain output (p<0.05) as compared to intravenous administration of Tranexamic Acid. Intra-articular administration of TXA is more effective in reducing postoperative blood loss after primary TKA as compared to intravenous route.

Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science

Generally, during soil tillage it is seen that farmers complain about the higher wear rate of agr... more Generally, during soil tillage it is seen that farmers complain about the higher wear rate of agricultural implement. Wear of cultivator shovels is one of the major problem faced by farmers in the agricultural sector. Any improvement in the life of ploughshares will be of great significance to the farming sector. The aim of the present work is to improve the life of cultivator shovels by way of hardfacings by shielded metal arc welding process. The wear behavior of bare (EN-47 steel) and four different hardfacings (H1, H2, VB, and LH550) having different chromium content (i.e. 0.86% Cr, 2.4% Cr, 3.19% Cr, and 6.72% Cr) were investigated with regard to wear behavior. A test was conducted on a 60 ha area of the wheat field after harvesting (latitude 30.121207, longitude 75.009159). During the time of cultivation soil was dry and hard. Wear behavior of bare and hardfaced steel was analyzed in terms of weight loss (g/ha) and by wear resistance indices. Techniques like optical microscopy...

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract Reducing wear would ensure minimize material loss, change over time and labour in differ... more Abstract Reducing wear would ensure minimize material loss, change over time and labour in different branches of industries. Hardfacing plays a major role in an industry and agriculture in reducing losses due to wear. In the present work three different types of hardfacing electrodes namely H1, H2 and VB were used to enhance the wear resistance of EN-47 steel, used for tillage application in agriculture sector by manual metal arc welding (MMAW) process. The abrasive wear behaviour of bare and hardfaced steel was evaluated by using dry sand rubber wheel tester according to procedure A of ASTM G65 standard. Microstructural characterization and surface analysis of worn out and fresh samples were made by using Optical and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that hardfaced steel (H1, H2 and VB) has significantly shown better wear resistance than bare steel. The wear resistance indices (WRI) of different steel hardfacings i.e. H1, H2 and VB were found to be 1.58, 1.37 and 1.82 respectively. The microstructure of VB hardfaced steel was found laminar dendrites

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013

The present study was undertaken to study the variations in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) ... more The present study was undertaken to study the variations in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) with various factors like age, height, weight, body surface area (BSA) and the Body Mass Index (BMI) in healthy women of the Malwa region of Punjab, India. Three hundred healthy women who were aged 20-50 years were selected from the Malwa region of Punjab and their PEFRs were determined. The influences of age, height, weight, BSA and BMI on the PEFR were studied. The PEFR test was performed by using a mini Wright Peak Expiratory flow meter. The mean PEFR of the women of the Malwa region of Punjab was found to be 395.87 ± 56.81 litres/minute. The PEFR increased with an increase in the age, height, weight and the BSA, but it decreased with an increase in the BMI. This study generated the preliminary values of PEFR for the women of the Malwa region of Punjab, India.

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

The present study was undertaken to study the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of healthy non-smoking wo... more The present study was undertaken to study the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of healthy non-smoking women of Punjab using biomass fuels for cooking. The values of PEFR of these women were also compared with that of healthy non-smoking women using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking. The influence of age, height and weight on their PEFR values was also studied. One hundred and fifty healthy non-smoking women in the age group of 20-50 years who were using biomass fuels for cooking were selected randomly from various regions of Punjab and their PEFR values were compared with those of one hundred and fifty healthy non-smoking women in the age group of 20-50 years, who were using LPG as the cooking fuel. Persons who gave history of wheezing, cardiovascular diseases or respiratory diseases were excluded from the study. The PEFR test was performed by using a mini Wright peak expiratory flow meter. The mean PEFR of the biomass fuel users was found to be less than that of LPG users in each ...

Bearing capacity is a very important parameter of the soil. As the construction of the superstruc... more Bearing capacity is a very important parameter of the soil. As the construction of the superstructure mainly depend upon foundations of that structure, whole structure has been erected on the soil of suitable bearing capacity. But if that value of bearing capacity is on lower side then improvement of soil can be done. The manner of improvement may be use of piles, piers, cassions and stone columns. Material to be used in stone column are aggregates up to size 100mm. Waste materials generated such as Rubber and Concrete demolition waste can be used as replacement of aggregates. In this present study clayey of medium plasticity (CI) used was collected from village lohatbaddi,distt Ludhiana (PB). Concrete demolition waste (CDW) was collected from waste of cubes tested in concrete laboratory. Rubber tyre waste (RTW) in crumbed powder form was collected from Speedways Tyre industry, Transport Nagar, Ludhiana. In this study an attempt was made to use CDW and RTW in improving bea...

Soil stabilization is a major problem in construction engineering and the researches are effectiv... more Soil stabilization is a major problem in construction engineering and the researches are effectively using rapidly generating industrial wastes. This present experimental work describes about the stability of clayey soil with Blast furnace slag and Rice husk ash individually by using Lime. The main aim is to minimize the industrial waste generated by industry. The cost of stabilization by normally used common techniques has become costlier day by day such as cement, lime etc. So replacement of natural soils, aggregates with industrial by product is extremely desirable. This also reduces environmental hazards. In this study the unconfined compressive strength of clayey soil was studied by using Blast furnace slag and Rice husk ash. Lime was also mixed with both Blast furnace slag and Rice husk ash. In the starting of the study lime was optimized and the optimized amount of lime was found to be 4%. It was determined by performing unconfined compressive strength test and adopting the c...

The present work reports synthesis and screening of fifteen 2,5-disubstituted-4-thiazolidinones w... more The present work reports synthesis and screening of fifteen 2,5-disubstituted-4-thiazolidinones with different substitutions of varied arylidene groups at imino. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectral characterization. The compounds were subjected to in vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities. The derivatives possessed remarkable activities quite close to standard drugs used. Unlike conventional non-selective NSAIDs, the synthesized compounds did not contain any acidic group, thereby ensuring a complete cure from ulcers. To further substantiate the claim for safer derivatives, the active compounds were docked against the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme. It was found that 4-fluorophenylimino substituent at 2- position and 3-nitro moiety on a 5-benzylidene nucleus of the 4-thiazolidinone derivative fitted in the COX-2 binding pocket. The compounds exhibited remarkable activity in scavenging free radicals, as depicted by the DPPH assay method. The s...

The use of industrial waste in concrete manufacture gives an appropriate solution to many environ... more The use of industrial waste in concrete manufacture gives an appropriate solution to many environment concerns and burdens associated with waste management. A large amount of industrial waste such as Bagasse ash, Coal bottom ash, Blast furnace slag, Copper slag, etc is produced in most of developing as well as developed countries. In the last few decades there has been speedily increase in these waste. This obviously causes for many environmental issues and raises the potential to contaminate natural resources of living such as water, air and soil. So, the appropriate disposal of these wastes and by products is a serious burden of every country. The safe disposal of such industrial wastes is very expensive. Furthermore, there is a lack of disposal sites which can appropriately handle such wastes without causing harmful effects on the environment. Fortunately, the use of industrial waste in concrete is a suitable path towards effective disposal of waste as well as preservation of nat...

Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology

In India near about 60% population is engaged in agriculture. Soil loosening is a primary method ... more In India near about 60% population is engaged in agriculture. Soil loosening is a primary method of cultivation before seeding. There are number of tillage tools used for primary cultivation i.e. cultivators, rotary tillers, moldboard plough and chisel plough, rotavators etc. During soil cultivation wear occurs due to interaction of tillage implement and soil particles, which in turn decreases tillage quality and increase draft forces and fuel consumption of tractor. Tool wear reduces farmer’s efficiency, costing millions of dollars per year to Nation’s economy. Knowledge of tillage depth and ploughing speed save the tillage time and improves tractor efficiency. In this study it is attempted to relate the influence of tillage depth and tractor speed on primary tillage tools.

Journal of Tribology

Wear of tools is a key problem in the farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate... more Wear of tools is a key problem in the farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the wear performance of untreated steel (EN-42) and two hardfacings, namely H1 and VB. Hardfacing H1 (0.86Cr0.22C) fall in the basic buildup iron–carbide alloy category and hardfacing VB (3.19Cr2.51C2.7Si) is categorized as martensitic alloy steel. Abrasive wear performance of untreated, as well as hardfaced steel specimens, was evaluated in the laboratory and actual field conditions. The tests were conducted in the laboratory, and actual field trials were conducted in sandy loam and sandy clay-loam soil. The performance of the untreated and hardfaced steel was analyzed using various techniques such as weight loss, microhardness, microstructure and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that H1 and VB overlaid steel exhibited better wear performance than the untreated steel, and the least wear-rate was found in sandy clay-loam soil. VB overlaid steel experienced lesser...

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry

:: Schiff base or imine or azomethine is one of the most important organic compounds that has bee... more :: Schiff base or imine or azomethine is one of the most important organic compounds that has been reported to play a significant role in various biological processes. The group is a part of natural or non-natural compounds and is involved as important precursors as diversified agents and as intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active agents. The review outlines the detailed design strategy, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of different Schiff bases for various biological activities. We have tried to outline the key points of various researchers with respect to biological activities. The results of different studies demonstrate Schiff bases as a linker in many synthetic compounds displaying a broad range of activities. We believe that the present review will provide comprehensive knowledge about medicinal importance of Schiff bases and serve as important literature in designing the synthesis of novel molecules containing Schiff base as pharmacophore or biologically active moiety.

Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences

Original Research Article Osteoarthritis of knee leads to disability and effects quality of life ... more Original Research Article Osteoarthritis of knee leads to disability and effects quality of life due to pain and deformity in advanced cases. Knee replacement is one of most successful surgery for osteoarthritis knee. This surgery improves pain and function of patient but is associated with substantial blood loss during and after the surgery. Tranexamic acid is commonly used to decrease post-operative blood loss by various routes i.e. oral, intravenous and intra-articular .Objective of study is to evaluate the effect of intra-articular Tranexamic acid on post-operative blood loss after unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 50 patients of either gender planned to undergo unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) were enrolled in each of the two groups. In group A (Control group) no intra articular drug is injected. In Group B (study group), patients were given 2 gram intra articular Tranexamic acid. All patients were followed up to 72 hours from completion of surgery. Blood collection in negative suction drain was noted after every 24 hours. In the study group, the post-operative drainage blood loss was 550.36±72.81 significantly less (p<0.05) than those in the control group that was 1008.12±111.62. Intra-articular application of Tranexamic Acid is effective in decreasing the drainage blood loss after primary TKA treatment.

Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences

Original Research Article Total Knee Arthroplasty is associated with significant amount of blood ... more Original Research Article Total Knee Arthroplasty is associated with significant amount of blood loss and may increase the need of blood transfusions. Various blood loss management strategies have been used in the past and Tranexamic Acid is one such commonly used method due to ease of administration and low cost. The use of TXA in primary TKA is associated with reduced transfusion rates, early discharge to home, and reduced economic burden on the patient. Tranexamic Acid can be administered through various routes that include oral, intravenous and intra-articular. However there is no clear consensus on the ideal dosage and route of administration. This study was conducted to compare the effect of intravenous Tranexamic acid with intra-articular Tranexamic acid on post-operative blood loss after unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).A total of 58 patients of either gender planned to undergo unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) were enrolled in each of the two groups. In group A (Intra venous Tranexamic acid group) 2 gram intra venous Tranexamic acid was injected. In Group B (Intra-articular Tranexamic acid group), patients were given 2 gram intra-articular Tranexamic acid. All patients were followed up to 72 hours after completion of surgery. Blood collection in negative suction drain was noted after every 24 hours. The mean drainage total blood loss during 72 hours was 637.32±103.53 ml in Group A (intravenous Tranexamic acid)) and 546.35±70.73ml in Group B (Intraarticular Tranexamic acid). The difference was significant in Group A and Group B.Patients who received intraarticular TXA had a lesser drain output (p<0.05) as compared to intravenous administration of Tranexamic Acid. Intra-articular administration of TXA is more effective in reducing postoperative blood loss after primary TKA as compared to intravenous route.

Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science

Generally, during soil tillage it is seen that farmers complain about the higher wear rate of agr... more Generally, during soil tillage it is seen that farmers complain about the higher wear rate of agricultural implement. Wear of cultivator shovels is one of the major problem faced by farmers in the agricultural sector. Any improvement in the life of ploughshares will be of great significance to the farming sector. The aim of the present work is to improve the life of cultivator shovels by way of hardfacings by shielded metal arc welding process. The wear behavior of bare (EN-47 steel) and four different hardfacings (H1, H2, VB, and LH550) having different chromium content (i.e. 0.86% Cr, 2.4% Cr, 3.19% Cr, and 6.72% Cr) were investigated with regard to wear behavior. A test was conducted on a 60 ha area of the wheat field after harvesting (latitude 30.121207, longitude 75.009159). During the time of cultivation soil was dry and hard. Wear behavior of bare and hardfaced steel was analyzed in terms of weight loss (g/ha) and by wear resistance indices. Techniques like optical microscopy...

Materials Today: Proceedings

Abstract Reducing wear would ensure minimize material loss, change over time and labour in differ... more Abstract Reducing wear would ensure minimize material loss, change over time and labour in different branches of industries. Hardfacing plays a major role in an industry and agriculture in reducing losses due to wear. In the present work three different types of hardfacing electrodes namely H1, H2 and VB were used to enhance the wear resistance of EN-47 steel, used for tillage application in agriculture sector by manual metal arc welding (MMAW) process. The abrasive wear behaviour of bare and hardfaced steel was evaluated by using dry sand rubber wheel tester according to procedure A of ASTM G65 standard. Microstructural characterization and surface analysis of worn out and fresh samples were made by using Optical and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that hardfaced steel (H1, H2 and VB) has significantly shown better wear resistance than bare steel. The wear resistance indices (WRI) of different steel hardfacings i.e. H1, H2 and VB were found to be 1.58, 1.37 and 1.82 respectively. The microstructure of VB hardfaced steel was found laminar dendrites

Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013

The present study was undertaken to study the variations in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) ... more The present study was undertaken to study the variations in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) with various factors like age, height, weight, body surface area (BSA) and the Body Mass Index (BMI) in healthy women of the Malwa region of Punjab, India. Three hundred healthy women who were aged 20-50 years were selected from the Malwa region of Punjab and their PEFRs were determined. The influences of age, height, weight, BSA and BMI on the PEFR were studied. The PEFR test was performed by using a mini Wright Peak Expiratory flow meter. The mean PEFR of the women of the Malwa region of Punjab was found to be 395.87 ± 56.81 litres/minute. The PEFR increased with an increase in the age, height, weight and the BSA, but it decreased with an increase in the BMI. This study generated the preliminary values of PEFR for the women of the Malwa region of Punjab, India.

Journal of Manufacturing Processes